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Index
Acheson, Dean. 7, 31, 262n, 265n
Aderholt, Harry "Heinie," 127-128, 130,
133
Air America, 114, 115, 118, 126, 128-129.
131, 140, 159, 164, 191,197, 215,
216, 255
Aircraft types:
An-l2. 230, 242, 243, 293n
B-17, 58, 59, 60, 61,62, 63, 64,65, 71,
74, 75, 107, 269n
B-26, 58, 103, 289n
B-29, 44
Bell 47G, 196
Boeing 707, 172
C.46, 190, 191, 192, 207-208, 219, 227,
141, 242, 286n, 290n
C-47, 57, 60
C-54, 45,74
C-118, 45, 46, 60, 74, 75-76, 78, 86,
87, 97, 98, 103-105, 106, 1l2, 117,
128, 216, 271n, 276n
C-119, 187, 188,190, 208
C-124,165-166
C-130, 110, 112-114, 115, 116-118, 119,
122, 123, 126, 127, 129-131,
132-133, 140-141, 158, 164, 172,
191, 209, 215, 219, 230, 241,
276n
DC-4,74
DC-6, 45, 112, 174, 210, 217-219,
290n
DC-7C, 112
Helio Courier. See U-10
Mi-4, 209, 241
MiG-21, 172, 209
Nord Noratlas, 180
P2V, 58, 103
727 jets, 210
Tupolev-4 (Tu-4), 26, 264n
Twin Helio, 207, 210, 130, 255,
288n
U-2, 57, 104. 115, 120, 133, 134, 137,
155, 159, 205
U-10, 191, 192, 207, 255, 288n
Air Resupply and Communications
Wing, 44, 128, 268n
Air Ventures, 196-197, 207, 215, 290n
Allison, John, 18, 19
Amdo Tsering, 237-238, 259
Anand, M.K., 285n
Andersen, Roland "Andy," 75, 117, 127,
130, 164
Angleton, James, 167
ARC (Indian organization). See Aviation
Research Centre
ARC (U.S. Air Force unit). See Air
Resupply and Communications
Wing
Archer, Harry, 135
"Arnold." See Wangchuk Tsering
Athar, 42-43, 44, 53, 54, 62, 63-65, 66,
68-70, 73, 77, 79, 91-93, 97, 255,
270n, 271n, 277n
Aubrey, Bob, 75, 76, 104
Aviation Research Centre, 191-192, 194,
196, 200, 207-208, 209-210, 215,
219, 226, 230, 241-242, 243, 255,
256, 290n
Ayub Khan, 160, 166
Baba Yeshi, 148-153, 154, 158, 160-162,
168, 197-199, 201, 217-218,
221-222, 231-234, 239, 249, 250,
252, 258
Ballew, Monty, 59
Bane, Howard, 157
Barnes, Truman "Barney," 104-105
Bell. Sir Charles, 51, 52
Bellingham, John, 236, 239-240,246,
256
Bhusang, 140, 143-144, 259, 280n
Bhutan, 20, 21, 29, 71, 145, 176, 194, 202,
220, 271n
"Bill" (translator). See Tamding Tsephel
Bird & Son, 216
Birendra, King Bir Birkram Shav Dev,
247-248, 252, 259, 293n
Bissell, Richard, 155,167, 282n, 285n
Blee, David, 167, 174, 182, 183, 234, 241,
256
Booth, Henry "Hank," 225, 226
Bowles, Chester, 155, 209, 215, 219
Broe, William, 35, 139, 265n
Brown, Lyle, 164
"Bruce." See Donyo Pandatsang
Buck, Stuart, 64, 270n
Bunker, Ellsworth, 155, 282n
Cathey, Kenneth "Clay," 151-152,
157-158, 162
Cesare, Don, 134, 137, 138, 165-166,
167
CFA. See Committee for a Free Asia
Chiang Kai-shek, 4, 5, 6, 30, 31, 38,
100-101, 102-103, 265n
Choni Yeshi, 259, 278n, 279n
Chushi Gangdruk, 71, 72, 139
Chu Shi-kuei, General, 30, 31
Civil Air Transport, 37, 38, 44, 57,
74-75, 82, 103, 114
Cline, Ray, 102
Colby, William, 200, 287n
Committee for a Free Asia, 14-15, 20, 30,
229, 262n
Cox, Walter, 42
Critchfield, James, 155, 156, 173-174,
175, 224, 229, 281n, 283n,
288n
Crown Prince of Sikkim, 21, 24, 27-28,
33, 41, 265n
Czekalski, Franciszek, 58, 61, 62
Dagg, Herbert, 45
Dalai Lama, 9
Fifth Dalai Lama, 9
Fourteenth Dalai Lama, 10, 11, 12, 14,
15, 16-17, 18, 23, 24-25, 31, 69,
85, 99, 252
and Buddha Jayanti celebration,
27-28, 30, 33-35, 36-37, 41, 43,
64, 67, 87, 94, 266n
and flight from Tibet, 90-93,
94-97, 119, 168, 176, 205, 213,
272n, 273n
in exile, 98, 123-124, 125, 146,
177, 179, 202, 230, 231, 240, 243,
246, 247, 248, 250, 258, 259,
283n
Thirteenth Dalai Lama, 10, 50, 51
Da!ley, Larry, 21-22, 23
Dalvi, John, 168-169, 170
Damshung airfield, 24, 68,77, 270n
Demmons, William, 75, 117
Dhondup Gyatotsang, 244-245
"Dick" (Saipan graduate). See Tashi
Dittrich, Arthur, 128
Dolan, Brooke, 7, 22, 263n
Donyo Pandatsang, 122, 132
Doole, George, 112
Drobny, Jan, 58
Drumright, Everett, 103
Dulles, Allen, 54, 59, 92, 97, 99,
125, 134, 138, 151, 156, 157,
159, 160, 173, 267n, 274n,
279n
EAGLE (Operation), 244, 246, 257
Eisenhower, Dwight, 34, 92, 96-97, 100,
125, 133, 134, 137, 138, 149-150,
155, 235, 265n, 266n, 273n
Ekvall, Robert, 15-16, 18
Erskine, Graves, 113, 116
Eschbach, Robert, 193
"Establishment 22." See Special Frontier
Force
FitzGerald, Desmond, 83-84, 86, 102,
113, 125, 134, 137, 155, 156, 167,
173-174, 200, 206, 229, 272n,
278n, 284n, 289n
Forrestal, Michael, 194
Fosmire, Thomas, 82, 84, 86-87, 88,
106, 107, 108, 109, 116, 117-118,
131, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 255,
277n, 279n
Galbraith, John Kenneth, 154-156, 158,
159, 163, 166, 173, 182, 183, 209,
281n, 284n, 288n
Gandhi, Indira, 219, 229, 235-236, 256,
258, 291n
Gates, Thomas, 100
Gelung, 43, 98
GEMINI (project), 227
Gen Gyurme, 218, 221, 250-251, 253
Georgetown University, 87, 167, 205
Geshe Wangyal, 48-52, 53, 55, 64, 68,
81-82, 86, 91-92, 110, 131, 259,
268n, 271n
Gilhooley, John, 132, 211, 220
Gompo Tashi Andrugtsang, 39, 40, 64,
66-70, 77-78, 80, 86, 89-90, 97,
119-120, 145, 146-148, 150, 197,
232, 278n, 286n
Gordon, Harry, 135
Gougelmann, Tucker, 223-225,
255-256, 291n, 293n
"Grant," 203, 212
Gray, Gordon, 97
Greaney, John, 85, 87, 92, 126, 135, 157
Grewal, Laloo, 188, 190, 191, 256
Grimsley, William, 167, 200, 227, 230,
287n
Gross, Ernest, 124, 125
Gurkhas, 83, 178, 183, 185-186, 226
Gyalo Thondup, 30-35, 36-37, 39,
40-41, 42, 43, 55, 68, 71, 72, 73,
89, 95-96, 97-98, 115, 123, 129,
151, 156-157, 160, 171-172, 174,
177, 179, 193, 200, 202, 230,
231-232, 240, 259, 265n, 266n,
273n, 292n
visits United States, 31,124-125,137,
166, 194, 206, 287n
Gyanu Babu Adhikari, 250, 251
Harrer, Heinrich, 12, 16, 85
Harriman, Averell, 173, 174, 175, 196
Hart, John, 282n
Hawthorne, Mary, 29
Helms, Richard, 155, 167, 229, 288n
Henderson, Loy, 11-12, 16, 18, 20, 263n
Herter, Christian, 134
Hicks, Neese, 133, 174
Hiu Muslims, 71, 101-105, 150, 238, 261n
Holober, Irving "Frank," 64-65, 73-74,
81-82, 119, 206, 267n, 272n
Hoskins, John, 29, 33, 36, 39, 42, 55, 73,
94-95,156-157, 164n, 266n,
269n
Hudson, Harry, 126, 129, 277n
Indonesia, 9, 64, 82, 84, 88, 179-180,
228
Intermountain Aviation, 182, 189
Jackson, C. D., 125
Jamba Kalden, 176-177, 184, 243, 257
Jentzen Thondup, 15-16, 30, 42, 43, 45,
53, 86
Johnson, Lyndon, 208, 215, 219, 235,
291n
Johnson, Merrill "Doc," 75,77, 104-105,
114,115, 117, 129-130, 286n
Johnson, Miles, 126, 130, 140, 193
Johnson, Shep, 126, 164, 193
Johnson, Woodson "Woody," 222, 229
Judkins, Al, 129, 130, 286n
Jukkala, Art, 117
Kalinga Air Lines, 179, 180, 189, 192
Kalsang Gyatotsang, 40
Kao, Rameshwar Nath, 191, 235, 246,
256, 258, 292n
Katzenbach, Nicholas, 229
Kaul, B.M., 170-171
"Kay-Kay." See Kesang Kunga
Keck, James, 75, 76, 104-105, 117-118,
127, 129
"Ken." See Bhusang
Kennedy, John F., 137, 138-139, 154-155,
158, 159-160, 163, 166, 167,
172-174, 175, 194, 208, 209,
279n
KesangKunga, 200-201, 202, 204, 232,
239
Kleyla, Robert, 59
Knaus, John "Ken," 87-88, 109-110, 137,
167, 168, 173, 175, 193, 199-201,
202, 204, 214, 287n, 289n
Kukula, Princess, 22-23, 29, 31, 145,
266n
Kula, Princess, 22
Kuomintang, 4, 5, 7, 30, 37, 39
Laber, Robert, 135-136
Layton, Gilbert, 108-109
Lewis, John, 126
Lhamo Tsering, 73, 86, 87,106, 115, 119,
129, 134, 140, 145, 146-147, 150,
151-153, 162, 172, 197, 231-233,
239-240, 249-250, 251, 252, 259,
281n
Lhotse, 54, 55, 62, 63-64, 65, 66, 68-70,
770 79, 91-93, 97, 255, 277n
Lilley, James, 84
Linn, Robert, 16,22-23
Lively, Bill, 75,76, 104
Lobsang Jamba, 154,158-159,160,164
Lobsang Samten, 87,88, 206, 263n, 270n
Lobsang Tsultrim, 205
Logonov, Anatoli, 240-241
"Lou." See Lhotse
Ma Chen-wu, 101
MacPherson, Alex, 257, 293n
Magerowski, John, 182
Mahendra, King, 145, 147, 247, 281n
Mao Tse.tung, 5, 17, 25, 78, 228
Ma Pu-fang, 4, 102
"Mark" (translator). See Tashi Choedak
Marrero, Robert "Moose," 181, 188-190,
209-210, 285n
McAllister, Edward, 42, 43
McCarthy, Roger, 55, 60, 62, 119-120,
132, 135, 138, 157, 167, 255, 278n,
282n
McCone, John, 173, 175
McElroy, James, 59-60, 103-104, 105,
113-114, 179,182
McNamara, Robert, 165, 173
Menon, Krishna, 166, 170-171, 173, 174,
177
Millian, Kenneth, 23, 29
Milligan, L. Eugene, 41-42, 267n
Mills, Billie, 113-115, 116
Mizra, Iskandar, 41, 42
Mullik, Bhola Nath, 32-33, 34, 155-156,
166, 172, 173-174, 178-179,
180-181, 186-187, 190, 196, 210,
214-215, 216, 219, 225, 229,
265n, 282n, 283n, 289n
Mustakos, Harry, 53, 54-55, 62, 182,
183, 184, 255, 269n
"Nathan." See Ngawang Phunjung
National Security Agency, 64
National Security Council, 38
National Volunteer Defense Army
(NVDA), 72, 77-78, 89-90,
91-93, 97, 99, 102, 103, 115, 119,
120, 145, 148-150, 176, 231
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 14, 27, 28, 30, 32,
34-35, 41, 93, 96, 145, 166, 170,
172, 173, 180-181, 187, 189, 191,
192, 210, 264n, 266n
Ngawang Phunjung, 86, 118, 119, 129,
133, 278n
Nixon, Richard, 23, 137, 138, 235-236,
246, 247, 293n
Norbu, Thubten, 12, 14-16, 18, 19-20,
30, 34-35, 36, 39, 42, 68, 86,
262n, 263n, 268n
on Saipan, 46,53, 54, 64
Norman,George, 113
NVDA. See National Volunteer Defense
Army
Office of Policy Coordination (OPC), 83,
84
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 7, 37,
52, 82, 94, 156, 167, 193
Palden Thondup. See Crown Prince of
Sikkim
Panchen Lama, 263n, 266n
Pandatsang, Ragpa, 6, 25-26, 264n
Pandatsang, Topgyay, 6
Pandatsang, Yangel, 6
Patnaik, Biju, 179-181, 188-189, 209,
289n
Patterson, George, 16, 25-26, 199
PCART. See People's Committee for the
Autonomous Region of Tibet
Peers, Raymond, 37
Pema Choki. See Kula, Princess
Pema Tseudeum. See Kukula, Princess
Pema Wangdu, 106, 135
People's Committee for the Autonomous
Region of Tibet (PCART), 27, 28,
212
"Pete" (translator). See Pema Wangdu
Peterson, Richard "Paper Legs,"
104-105, 131, 140
Phala, Thupten Woyden, 11, 67-69, 91,
92-93, 270n
Poe, Tony. See Poshepny, Anthony
Popovich, Eli, 52
Poshepny, Anthony "Tony Poe," 88, 98,
102, 103, 106-107, 109, 134, 138,
255, 279n
Poss, Willard "Sam," 135-136, 154
Powers, Francis Gary, 133, 278n
Prouty, Leroy Fletcher, 116-117
Rabi (Indian representative), 200, 201,
202, 204, 211, 221
Rara, 161-162, 231, 250-251, 252, 259
Reagan, John, 35-36, 37, 42, 45, 64
Reams, Robert, 28
Rector, Edward, 191, 209
Redford, Ralph, 47, 151, 281n
"Red Stone. " See Amdo Tsering
Rhyne, James, 191, 255
Rickard, John, 230
"Rocky." See Thinlay Paljor
Rositzke, Harry, 156-158, 167, 282n
"Ross. " See Rara
Rousselot, Robert, 75
Rusk, Dean, 173
"Sally." See Lobsang Jamba
"Sam. " See Tsawang Dorje
Sanford, Wayne, 181-182, 183, 190, 194,
196, 207, 209, 217, 222, 226
Schenck, Ray, 75
Shastri, Lal Bahadur, 219
Shires, Justin, 45
Siefarth, Charles "Ken," 183, 186, 222,
225, 255, 291n
Sikkim, 11, 20-23, 61, 62, 73, 98, 115,
45, 193, 201, 202, 219, 227, 263n
Sims, Eddie, 217-218
Singh, Balbir, 229
Slavin, Joe, 134
Smith, William "Billy the Kid," 87, 88,
106, 134, 138
Smoke jumpers, 56-57, 59-60, 75, 104,
107, 126, 40-141, 164, 182, 193
Soulen, Gary, 23, 31, 265n
Southern Air Transport (SAT), 216-217
Special Center, 199-201, 204, 206, 210,
212, 214, 216, 218, 220-222, 230,
232-233, 236-240, 241, 246, 253,
256, 289n
Special Forces (Republic of China),
100-101, 274n
Special Frontier Force, 184-187, 193,
196-197, 201, 210, 212, 219, 222,
Special Frontier Force, continued
225-227, 231, 242-245, 246, 256,
257-258, 284n, 286n, 289n, 291n
Special Group, 139, 175, 192, 194, 215,
279n
Stark, Ray, 87, 106, 107-108, 120-121,
122, 137, 151
ST BARNUM, 55, 56, 59, 74, 78, 103,
116, 129, 131, 274n, 275n
ST CIRCUS, 55, 103, 179
Stephens, Don, 224
Stiles, Jack, 126, 127,129-130
Stites, William, 241
Stone, Howard, 290n
Strickler, Gil, 109, 134
"Stuart," 204, 211
ST WHALE, 103,105, 112, 120, 276n
Subramanian, T.M., 189-190, 196, 207
Surkhang Shape, 11
Sutphin, Ron, 126
Talbot, Phillips, 155
Tamding Tsephel, 106
Tashi (Saipan student), 53, 65, 71
Tashi Choedak, 98, 106, 132, 135, 138,
140, 143, 233, 238, 239, 241, 273n
Taylor, Maxwell, 175
Teams
A, 201, 202, 287n
B, 201, 202, 287n
C, 212-213, 259
D, 201, 203, 204, 211, 287n, 289n
DD, 289n
F, 214, 220, 259
K, 289n,
Q, 202, 287n
S, 214, 220, 259
SI, 220
T, 201, 202, 287n
U, 213
V, 201, 204, 211
VI, 211-212, 259
W, 289n
X, 213
Y, 201, 202-203, 212, 213, 259
Z, 201, 204, 211, 287n
Tendar, 198-199
Thacher, Nicholas, 12-14, 22
Thinlay Paljor, 205,252, 286n
Thompson, Thomas "T.J.," 182, 183, 184,
185, 192, 255
Thorsrud, Gar, 56-57, 58-59, 61, 75,
112-113, 116-117, 126, 188-190,
285n
303 Committee, 215, 219, 221, 222,
227-228, 230, 239, 279n
Thuermer, Angus, 227
"Tim." See Yeshi Wangyal
Toler, William, 134
Tolstoy, Ilya, 7, 22
"Tom." See Athar
Tsawang Dorje, 54, 65, 71
Tsering Dolma, 16
Tsing-po Yu, 131-132
Turner, John, 23-24, 25
Uban, Sujan Singh, 171, 174, 175,
177-178, 183-187, 222, 225,
242-245, 247, 248, 256, 285n,
291n, 294n
Ulmer, Al, 272n
Vietnam War, 208, 219-220, 224, 235,
255-256, 291n
Walker, Bruce, 193, 194, 220, 236
Wall, Jack,107
Waller, John, 94-95, 234, 273n
"Walt." See Wangdu Gyatotsang
WangchukTsering, 193, 194, 238-239,
252, 292n
Wangdu Gyatotsang, 39-40, 42, 43, 53,
57, 65, 71, 79-80, 86, 231-232,
240-241, 244, 247, 248, 250-252,
258, 268n
Welk, William, 75,114, 129,130, 164,
191, 286n
Weltman, William, 75,104
Western Enterprises, 37, 38, 55, 58, 119,
267n
White, Thomas, 100
Wisner, Frank, 83, 84, 193, 272n
Wolfe, Alan, 224
Wylie, Terrell, 194
Yeshi Wangyal, 139-144, 279n, 280n
Yutok Dzaza, 22, 23, 263n
Zhou En-Iai, 34-35
Zilaitis, Albert "Zeke," 110-112, 120, 122,
134, 136, 140, 222, 225, 279n
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