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WALL STREET AND THE RISE OF HITLER |
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FOOTNOTES INTRODUCTION 1(New York: Arlington House Publishers, 1974) 2(New York: Arlington House Publishers, 1975) 3The Higher Circles: The Governing Class in America, (New York: Vintage, 1970) 4None Dare Call It Conspiracy, (Rossmoor: Concord Press, 1971). For another view based on "inside" documents, see Carroll Quigley, Tragedy and Hope, (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1966) 5The Invisible Government, (Boston: Western Islands, 1962) 6Published in English as The Occult and the Third Reich, (The mystical origins of Naziism and the search for the Holy Grail), (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1974). See also Reginald H. Phelps, " 'Before Hitler Came:' Thule Society and Germanen Orden" in the Journal of Modern History, September 1968, No. 3. 7(Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1950) 8Edgar B. Nixon, ed., Franklin D. Roosevelt and Foreign Affairs, Volume III: September 1935-January 1937, (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 1969), p. 456. 9Edited by William E. Dodd Jr. and Martha Dodd, Ambassador Dodd's Diary, 1933-1938, (New York: Harcourt Brace and Company, 1941), p. 303. 10Ibid, p. 358. 11Quigley, op. cit. 12For more information about "Putzi" Hanfstaengl, see Chapter Nine. 13See Sutton, Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution, op. cit., for Sehacht's relations with Soviets and Wall Street, and his directorship of a Soviet bank. CHAPTER ONE 1(New York: Arlington House Publishers, 1974) 2(New York: Arlington House Publishers, 1975) 3The Higher Circles: The Governing Class in America, (New York: Vintage, 1970) 4None Dare Call It Conspiracy, (Rossmoor: Concord Press, 1971). For another view based on "inside" documents, see Carroll Quigley, Tragedy and Hope, (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1966) 5The Invisible Government, (Boston: Western Islands, 1962) 6Published in English as The Occult and the Third Reich, (The mystical origins of Naziism and the search for the Holy Grail), (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1974). See also Reginald H. Phelps, " 'Before Hitler Came:' Thule Society and Germanen Orden" in the Journal of Modern History, September 1968, No. 3. 7(Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1950) 8Edgar B. Nixon, ed., Franklin D. Roosevelt and Foreign Affairs, Volume III: September 1935-January 1937, (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 1969), p. 456. 9Edited by William E. Dodd Jr. and Martha Dodd, Ambassador Dodd's Diary, 1933-1938, (New York: Harcourt Brace and Company, 1941), p. 303. 10Ibid, p. 358. 11Quigley, op. cit. 12For more information about "Putzi" Hanfstaengl, see Chapter Nine. 13See Sutton, Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution, op. cit., for Sehacht's relations with Soviets and Wall Street, and his directorship of a Soviet bank. CHAPTER TWO 1German firms have a two-tier board of directors. The Aufsichsrat concerns itself with overall supervision, including financial policy, while the Vorstand is concerned with day-to-day management. 2Taken from Der Farben-Konzern 1928, (Hoppenstedt, Berlin: I928), pp. 4-5. 3Elimination of German Resources, p. 943. 4Ibid, p. 945. 5New York Times, October 21, 1945, Section 1, pp. 1, 12. 6Ibid, p. 947. 7Elimination of German Resources. 8Bernhard is today better known for his role as chairman of the secretive, so-called Bilderberger meetings. See U.S. Congress, House of Representatives, Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Investigation of Nazi Propaganda Activities and Investigation of Certain other Propaganda Activities. 73rd Congress, 2nd Session, Hearings No. 73-DC-4. (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1934), Volume VIII, p. 7525. 9Ibid p. 949. 10Ibid p. 952. 11Ibid p. 1293. 12Ibid p. 954. 13Ibid p. 954. 14Ibid, pp. 954-5. 15U.S. Congress. House of Representatives, Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Investigation of Nazi Propaganda Activities and Investigation of Certain Other Propaganda Activities, op. cit. 16Ibid, p. 178. 17Ibid, p. 183. 18Ibid, p. 188. CHAPTER THREE 1For the technical details see the three-volume study, Antony C. Sutton, Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development, (Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press, 1968, 1971), 1973), hereafter cited as Western Technology Series. 2(New York: Arlington House Publishers, 1975) 3New York Times, October 6, 1936. See also Antony C. Sutton, Wall Street and FDR, op. cit. 4Of course, socialist pleading by businessmen is still with us. Witness the injured cries when President Ford proposed deregulation of airlines and trucking. See for example Wall Street Journal, November 25, 1975. 5Mimeographed Translation in Hoover Institution Library, p. 67. Also see Walter Rathenau, In Days to Come, (London: Allen & Unwin, n.d.) 6Ibid, p. 249. 7New York Times, July 2, 1929. 8Ibid, July 28, 1929. 9Ibid, August 2, 1929 and August 4, 1929. 10Ibid, August 6, 1929. 11Ibid, February 2, 1930. 12Ibid, February 2, 1930. 13Ibid, May 11, 1930. For the prewar machinations of General Electric, Osram, and the Dutch company N.V. Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken of Eindhoven Holland, see Chapter 11, "Electric Eels," in James Stewart Martin, op cit. Martin was Chief of the Economic Warfare Division of the U.S. Department of Justice and comments that "The A.E.G. of Germany was largely controlled by the American company, General Electric." The assumption by this author is that the G.E. influence was somewhat less than controlling although substantial enough. Because of Martin's official position and access to official documents, not known to the author, his statement that A.E.G. was "largely controlled" by U.S. General Electric cannot be lightly dismissed. However, if we accept that G.E. "largely controlled" A.E.G., then the most serious questions arise which clamor for investigation. A.E.G. was a prime financier of Hitler and "control" would more deeply implicate the U.S. parent company than is suggested by the evidence presented here. 14Son of Emil Rathenau, founder of A.E.G., born in 1867 and assassinated in 1922. 15The United States Strategic Bombing Survey, German Electrical Equipment Industry/Report, (Equipment Division, January 1947), p. 4. 16U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, Plant Report of A.E.G. (Allgemeine Elektrizitats Gesellschaft), Nuremburg, Germany: June 1945), p. 6. 17p. 3. Consequently, "production during the war was adequate until November 1944" and "in the opinion of Speer assistants and plant officials the war effort in Germany was never hindered in any important manner by any shortage of electrical equipment." Difficulties arose only at the very end of the war when the whole economy was threatened with collapse. The report concluded, "All important needs for electrical equipment in 1944 may therefore be said to have been met, since plans were always optimistic." 18U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, AEG-Ostlandwerke GmbH, by Whitworth Ferguson, 31 May 1945. CHAPTER FOUR 1In 1935, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. owned stock valued at $245 million in Stan dard Oil of New Jersey, Standard Oil of California, and Socony-Vacuun Company, New York Times, January 10, 1935. 2Elimination of German Resources, op cit., p. 1085. 3Ibid. 4NMT, I.G. Farben case, p. 1304. 5New York Times, April 28, 1929. 6Ibid. 7Ibid, November 24, 1929. 8NMT, I.G. Farben case, Volumes VII and VIII, pp. 1304-1311, 9See letter from U.S. War Department reproduced as Appendix D. 10United States Congress. Senate. Hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Military Affairs. Scientific and Technical Mobilization, (78th Congress, 1st session, S. 702), Part 16, (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1944), p. 939. Hereafter cited as Scientific and Technical Mobilization. 11Ibid. 12Oil and Petroleum Yearbook, 1938, p. 89. 13New York Times, October 19, 1945, p. 9. 14George W. Stocking & Myron W. Watkins, Cartels in Action, (New York: The Twentieth Century Fund, 1946), p. 9. 15For original documents see NMT, I.G. Farben case, Volume VIII, pp. 1189-94. 16NMT, I.G. Farben case, Volume VIII, p. 1264-5. 17Scientific and Technical Mobilization, p. 543. 18Robert Engler, The Politics of Oil, (New York: The MacMillan Company, 1961), p. 102. 19See Chapter Nine for details. CHAPTER FIVE 1For an excellent review of I.T.T.'s worldwide activities, see Anthony Sampson, The Sovereign State of I.T.T., (New York: Stein & Day, 1973). 2See also Sutton, Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution, op. cit. 3New York Times, August 4, 1933. 4See also Chapter Nine for documentary proof of these I.T.T. payments to the S.S. 5Elimination of German Resources, p. 871. 6Ibid. 7New York Times, July 20, 1936. 8Anthony Sampson reports a meeting between I.T.T. vice president Kenneth Stockton and Westrick in which the preservation of I.T.T. properties was planned. See Anthony Sampson, op. cit., p. 39. 9There is no substance to reports that Rieber received $20,000 from the Nazis. These reports were investigated by the F.B.I. with no proof forthcoming. See United States Senate, Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the. Internal Security Act, Committee on the Judiciary, Morgenthau Diary (Germany), Volume I, 90th Congress, 1st Session, November 20, 1967, (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1967), pp. 316-8. On Rieber see also Appendix to the Congressional Record, August 20, 1942, p, A 1501-2, Remarks of Hon. John M. Coffee. 10See pp. 128-130 for further details. 11James Stewart Martin, op. cit., p. 52. CHAPTER SIX 1June 4, 1938, 2:2. 2A list of these Gorki vehicles and their model numbers is in Antony G. Sutton, National Suicide: Military Aid to the Soviet Union, (New York: Arlington House Publishers, 1973), Table 7-2, p. 125. 3The House of Morgan was known for its anti-Semitic views. 4Page 2, Column 8. 5Ibid. 6Jonathan Leonard, The Tragedy of Henry Ford, (New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1932), p. 208. Also see U.S. State Department Decimal File, National Archives Microcopy M 336, Roll 80, Document 862.00S/6, "Money sources of Hitler," a report from the U.S. Embassy in Berlin. 7On this see Keith Sward, The Legend of Henry Ford, (New York: Rinehart & Co, 1948), p. 139. 8New York Times, August l, 1938. 9Ibid., December 1, 1938, 12:2. 10Ibid., December 19, 1938, 5:3. 11Elimination of German Resources, p. 656. 12Elimination of German Resources, pp. 657-8. 13Josiah E. Dubois, Jr., Generals in Grey Suits, (London: The Bodley Head, 1958), p. 248. 14Ibid., p. 249. 15Ibid., p. 251. 16Ibid. 17U.S. Army Air Force, Aiming point report No I.E.2, May 29, 1943. 18U.S. State Department Decimal File, 800/61o.1. 19Ibid. CHAPTER SEVEN 1The American Historical Review, Volume LC, NO. 4, July. 1955. p, 830. 2Ibid, fn. (2). 3Elimination of German Resources, p. 648. The Albert Voegler mentioned in the Kilgore Committee list of early Hitler supporters was the German representative on the Dawes Plan Commission. Owen Young of General Electric (see Chapter Three) was a U.S. representative for the Dawes Plan and formulated its successor, the Young Plan. 4Antony C. Sutton, Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution, op. cit, 5Preussiche Zettung, January 3, 1937. 6See p. 116. 7Glyn Roberts, The Most Powerful Man in the World, (New York: Covicl, Friede, 1938), p. 305. 8Ibid., p. 313. 9Ibid., p. 322. 10See Chambre des Deputes — Debats, February 11, 1932, pp. 496-500. 11U.S. Group Control Council (Germany0 Office of the Director of Intelligence, Field Information Agency, Technical). Intelligence Report No. EF/ME/1,4 September 1945. "Examination of Dr. Fritz Thyssen," p, 13, Hereafter cited as Examination of Dr. Fritz Thyssen. 12The Bank was known in Germany as Bank fur Handel und Schiff. 13Examination of Dr. Fritz Thyssen. 14Fritz Thyssen, I Paid Hitler, (New York: Farrar & Rinehart, Inc., 1941). p. 159. 15Taken from Bankers Directory, !932 edition, p, 2557 and Poors, Directory of Directors. J.L. Guinter and Knight Woolley were also directors. 16See Antony C. Sutton, Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution, op. cit. 17National Cyclopaedia, Volume G, page 16. 18For a description of these ventures, based on State Department files, see An, tony C. Sutton, Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development, Volume 1, op. cit. 19See Antony C. Sutton, Wall Street and FDR. Chapter Nine, "Swope's Plan," op. cit. 20See Elimination of German Resources, pp. 728-30. 21For yet other connections between the Union Banking Corp, and German enterprises, see Ibid., pp. 728-30. 22See Chapter Ten. 23NMT, Volume VII, p. 555. 24Josiah E. Dubois, Jr., Generals in Grey Suits op. cit., p. 323. 25Original reproduced on page 64. 26NMT, Volume VII, p. 565. See p. 64 for photograph of original document. 27Fritz Thyssen, I Paid Hitler, (New York: Toronto: Farrat & Rinehart, Inc., 1941). 28NMT, Volume VI, pp. 1169-1170. 29NMT, Volume VII, p. 565. CHAPTER EIGHT 1William E. Dodd, Ambassador Dodd's Diary, 1933-1938, (New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1941), p. 360. 2Ernst Hanfstaengl, Unheard Witness, (New York: J.B. Lippincott, 1957), p. 28. 3Ibid., p. 4Ibid., p. 52. 5Ibid., p. 53. 6Ibid., p. 59. 7Ibid., p. 122. 8Ibid., pp. 197-8. 9Ibid., p. 214. 10Ladislas Farago, The Game of the Foxes, (New York: Bantam, 1973), p. 97. 11Ibid., p. 106. 12Ernst Hanfstaengl, Unheard Witness, op. cit., p. 76. 13Ibid. 14Ibid., pp. 310-11. 15Dustbin report EF/Me/1. Interview of Thyssen, p. 13. 16Hjalmar Horace Greeley Schacht, Confessions of" The Old Wizard," (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1956), p. 276. 17George Dimitrov, The Reichstag Fire Trial, (London: The Bodley Head, 1934), p. 309. 18Ibid., p. 310. 19Ibid., p. 311. 20Helmut Magers, Ein Revolutionar Aus Common Sense, (Leipzig: R. Kittler Verlag, 1934). 21Nixon, Edgar B., Editor, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Foreign Affairs, (Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1969), Volume 1: January 1933-February 1934. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library. Hyde Park, New York. CHAPTER NINE 1From the affidavit of Wilhem Keppler, NMT, Volume VI, p. 285. 2Elimination of German Resources, p. 869. 3NMT, Volume VII, p. 238. "Translation of Document N1-10103, Prosecution Exhibit 788." Letter from von Schroder and Defendant Steinbrinck to Dr. Meyer, Dresdner Bank official, 25 February 1936, noting that the Circle of Friends would put funds at Himmler's disposal "For Certain Tasks outside of the Budget" and had established a "Special Account for this purpose." 4Elimination of German Resources, p. 857. 5The significant nature of this representation is reflected in Chart 8-1, "Wall Street representation in the Keppler and Himmler Circles, 1933 and 1944." CHAPTER TEN 1William E. Dodd, Ambassador Dodd's Diary, op. cit., p. 31. 2Ibid., p. 74. 3Franz von Papen, Memoirs, (New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., 1953), p. 229. 4The English text for this chapter is translated from an authenticated surviving German translation of a copy of the Dutch edition of De Geldbronnen van Het Nationaal-Socialisme (Drie Gesprekken Met Hitler), or The Financial Sources of National Socialism (Three conversations with Hitler. The original Dutch author is given as "Door Sidney Warburg, vertaald door I.G. Shoup" (By Sidney Warburg, as told by I.G. Shoup). The copy used here was translated from the Dutch by Dr. Walter Nelz, Wilhelm Peter, and Rene Sonderegger in Zurich, February 11, 1947, and the German translation bears an affidavit to the effect that: "The undersigned three witnesses do verify that the accompanying document is none other than a true and literal translation from Dutch into German of the book by Sidney Warburg, a copy of which was constantly at their disposal during the complete process of translation. They testify that they held this original in their hands, and that to the best of their ability they read it sentence by sentence, translating it into German, comparing then the content of the accompanying translation to the original conscientiously until complete agreement was reached." 5Note that "von Heydt" was the original name for the Dutch Bank voor Handel en Seheepvaart N.V., a subsidiary of the Thyssen interests and now known to have been used as a funnel for Nazi funds. See Elimination of German Resources. 6Examination of the Index for the New York Times confirms the accuracy of the latter part of this statement. See for example the sudden rush of interest by the New York Times, September 15, 1930 and the feature article on "Hitler, Driving Force in Germany's Fascism" in the September 21, 1930 issue of the New York Times. In 1929 the New York Times listed only one brief item on Adolf Hitler. In 1931 it ran a score of substantial entries, in-eluding no fewer than three "Portraits." 7Hoover said he lost the support of Wall Street in 1931 because he would not go along with its plan for a New Deal: see Antony C. Sutton, Wall Street and FDR, op. cit. 8Franz von Papen, Memoirs, (New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1958). Translated by Brian Connell. 9Werner Zimmerman, Liebet Eure Feinde, (Frankhauser Verlag: Thielle-Neuchatel, 1948), which contains a chapter, "Hitler's geheime Geldgeber" (Hitler's secret financial supporters) and Rene Sonderegger, Spanischer Sommer, (Afroltern, Switzerland: Aehren Verlag, 1948). 10Franz von Papen, Memoirs, op. cit., p. 23. 11William E. Dodd, Ambassador Dodd,s Diary, op. cit. pp, 593-602. 12The reader should examine the complete Warburg statement and affidavit; see Franz von Papen, Memoirs, op. cit. pp. 593-602, 13Franz von Papen, Memoirs, op. cit., p. 594. 14See Antony C. Sutton, Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution, op. cit. CHAPTER ELEVEN 1Morgenthau Diary (Germany). 2Ibid. 3Ibid. 4Ibid., pp. 800-2. 5James Stewart Martin, All Honorable Men, op. cit., p. 75. 6Morgenthau Diary (Germany), p. 1543. Colonel Graeme K. Howard's book was entitled, America and a New World Order, (New York: Scribners, 1940). 7The reader should examine the essay, "The Return to War Crimes," in James J. Martin, Revisionist Viewpoints, (Colorado: Ralph Mules, 1971). 8Elimination of German Resources, p. 652. CHAPTER TWELVE 1Carroll Quigley, Tragedy and Hope, op. cit. 2There are many others; the author selected more or less at random two conservatives (Allen and Lasell) and two liberals (Archer and Domhoff), 3Percy L. Greaves, Jr., "The Pearl Harbor Investigation," in Harry Elmer Harnes, Perpetual War for Perpetual Peace, (Caldwell: Caxton Printers, 1953), p, 13-20. 4Colin Simpson, Lusitania, (London: Longman, 1972), p, 252. 5Jules Archer, The Plot to Seize the White House, (New York: Hawthorn Book, 1973), p. 202. 6See Julius Epstein, Operation Keelhaul, (Old Greenwich: Devin Adair, 1973). 7See for example Robert Welch, The Politician, (Belmont, Mass.: Belmont Publishing Co., 1963).
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