Key to Abbreviations
AJCf	Am Jewish Cf
Am	American
Ber CF	Bermuda Cf
Cf	conference
Com	committee
Decln	declaration
Dptn	deportation
Extmn	extermination
ICR	Intergovernmental Com on Refs
Imgn	immigration
JEC	Joint Emergency Com
JLC	Jewish Labor Com
Mtg	meeting
PAC	President's Advisory Com
Ref	refugee
Resol	resolution
Rpt	report
WRB	War Ref Board

Acheson, Dean, 47, 55
Ackermann, Leonard E., 228, 261
Agudath Israel: & AJCf, 162; &
Bergsonites, 384; & bombing issue,
290-1; described, 68, 329; &
emergence of WRB, 204; & Ist rpts
of extmn, 45-6; illegal use of Polish
code, 46, 290; & JEC, 93
Akzin, Benjamin, 295, 296
Alexander, Robert c., 99, 113
Alfange, Dean, 146, 148, 194, 312, 317,
384
America, 319, 323
American Christian Com for Refugees,
274, 315, 318
American Federation of Labor: & free
ports, 263; & JLC, 68, 329; & mass
mtgs, 87-9, 93-4; protests extmn,
63; record, 320; & rescue, 150, 230;
& Rescue Resol, 199
American Friends Service Com: &
dptns from France, 33, 36; & free
ports, 263; & ICR, 140; & imgn, 127,
128-9, 132, 135; & Oswego camp,
271; & Spain, 222; summary, 317; &
WRB, 224, 232
American Jewish Com: & AJCf, 161,
166; & Bergsonites, 346; & Day of
Compassion, 102; described, 67, 329;
& emergence of WRB, 204; & 1st
rpts of extmn, 24; & JEC, 93, 168-9;
& Long, 198; & mass mtgs, 94; &
rescue, 166n
American Jewish Conference: actions,
166-70, 174, 252; assessed, 174-j;
8/43 sessions, 162-5; & Bergsonites,
200-1, 202, 345; & emergence of
WRB, 204; & JEC, 168-9; & Long,
198; & Palestine issue, 163-4, 170;
plans for, 160-2; & rescue, 162, 165-
6, 167-70; & Rescue Resol, 168, 198-
201, 199n, 202, 384
American Jewish Congress: & AJCf,
167; & "Christmas Decln, " 64;
described, 67; & emergence of WRB,
204; & films, 322; & JEC, 93, 168-9
& n; & mass mtgs, 87-9, 87n, 90-2,
93; & rescue, 77-8, 79-80, 169; &
rpts of extmn, 24, 81-2; & US
Congress, 94-5
American Jewish Joint Distribution
Com: & AJCf, 169n; & Christian ref
agencies, 318-19; & dptns from
France, 33; & Emergency Cf, 144; &
ICR, 140, 141; & imgn, 132, 134,
135-6; & JEC, 368; & PAC, 315; &
rescue, 169n, 187, 330, 393; & Va ad
Hahatzala, 250, 251; & WRB, 213-
14, 217-18, 222, 224, 226, 231, 232,
330
American League for a Free Palestine,
253-4, 328, 346
American Mercury, 63, 322
American Palestine Com, 171n, 380
American Zionist Emergency Council,
93, 167, 170-4 passim, 345
Anti-Semitism: & Am Jews, 330n; in
Congress, 14, 57, 116, 276n; opinion
polls on, 14-15, 359; organized, 9-
10; & Oswego camp, 267, 275-6;
"passive" anti-Semitism, 12, 327; in
State Dept, 190 & n; in US armed
forces, 13-14, 324-5n; in US in
1930s & 40s, 9-15, 275-6; & US ref
policy, 9, 12, 107, 327, 337
Associated Press, 23, 321
Atherton, Ray, 81, 191
Atkinson, Henry A., 64-5, 171n
Auschwitz: bombing issue, xi, 206,
324n, 334, & ch 15; as killing center,
4, 39, 52, 53, 103, 235-7, 241, 247,
289, 298, 301, 307, 326n
Auschwitz report (Vrba-Wetzler
report), 238, 288-9, 290, 295, 297,
301-2, 314, 315, 324-5, 326n, 392,
407, 415-6
Backer, George, 113, 119n, 341-3
Baldwin, Joseph c., 155, 194, 396
Barkley, Alben W., 94-95
Baruch, Bernard M., 316
Bergson, Peter H., 85, 148, 150, 194-5,
346, 384
Bergsonites: animosity toward, 85, 87,
90-2, 144, 153, 168, 173, 194-5, 198-
201, 202, 253-4, 321, 345-7, 384; &
Palestine Resol, 173; pre-1943, 84-6;
summary, 329. See also Com for a
Jewish Army; Emergency Com;
Emergency Conference; Irgun group
Berle, Adolf A., Jr., 74, 80, 111, 145,
190-1
Berlin, Meyer, 94-5, 200
Bermuda Conference, ch 6, appendix
A, 124, 226, 339; & ICR, 138, 196;
& Jewish orgzns, 93, 96, 100, 176; &
ref camps, 260; & Senate, 143-4
Biddle, Francis, 150, 271
Blickenstaff, David, 222, 223-4, 226,
280
Bloom, Sol: assessed, 202, 317;
attacked, 201-2; attacks Bergsonites,
194-5, 346; & Ber Cf, 108-17
passim, 121, 341; & Palestine camps
plan, 253; & rabbis' march, 153n; &
Rescue Resol, 194-7, 201-3, 204
B'nai B'rith, 24, 68, 93, 161, 166, 329
Bombing of gas chambers & railroads,
xi, 206, 324n, 334, 408-9, 410, & ch
15
Brand, Joel, affair, 243-5, 251
British blockade authorities, 115, 139,
181-2, 281-3, 284, 333, 405
British Broadcasting Corporation, 21-
2, 237-8
Bulkley, Robert J., 129-30, 131
Canterbury, archbishop of, 48, 88, 105,
108
Catholic Com for Refugees, 263, 274,
315, 318-19
Catholic press, 317, 319, 413
Celler, Emanuel: & Ber Cf, 121; &
Bloom, 110, 121, 202; efforts for
action, 121, 317; & FDR, 100, 313,
337; & JEC, 100; & Long, 198;
rescue legislation, 55-6, 94, 151, 201,
202; & State Dept, 121, 198
Chicago Tribune, 26, 57, 197
Children: attempts to save, 36-7, 133,
179, 224, 333, 391; dptns from
France, 31-5, 38; saved from
Transnistria, 218
Christian Century, 65-7, 65n, 150, 263,
318
Christian churches, 28, 317-20; Day of
Intercession, 151-2; & food
programs, 282; & Hungary, 252-3;
& mass mtgs, 93-4; near silence of,
101-3, 205, 317-19, 412-13; protest
massacres, 25-6; & Rescue Resol,
201; & WRB, 286n. See also Day of
Compassion
Christian Council on Palestine, 171n,
380
Christian Front, 9, 11
Churchill, Winston, 24, 138, 239, 245,
282-3, 306, 334-5
Church Peace Union, 25, 64-5, 87-9,
150, 263, 317
Cohen, Benjamin, 204n, 385
Com for a Jewish Army: & Ber Cf, 111,
120, 143-4; early history, 85-6; &
Emergency Cf, 144-7; &JEC, 93;
rescue drive, 77, 86-7, 111, 146, 204,
339-40; & Rumanian proposal, 84,
86-7; & "We Will Never Die, " 90-2
Commonweal, 64, 263, 319, 323n
Communists, 144, 320, 396
Concentration camps, liberation of,
324-6
Congress, US: anti-Semitism in, 14, 57,
116, 276n; & Ber Cf, 111, 143-4;
elections (1942), 55, 56; evaluation
of, 316-17; & food proposals, 282;
& free ports, 262, 263, 264; Jewish
members, 100& n, 109, 153n, 317,
365; legislation re refs & rescue, 8,
55-6, 94-5, 151, 253, 263, 282, 396;
& liberated German camps, 325; &
Oswego camp, 265-76 passim; &
Palestine issue, 171, 172-4, 252, 396;
& rescue, 55-8, 103; restrictionism
in, 7-8, 56-8, 151, 276n; & State
Dept, 316; & 3rd War Powers Bill,
56-7; war relief funds, 214n, 284; &
WRB, 213. See also Rescue
Resolution.
--- House Com on Imgn, 14, 55-6,
273-4, 275-6; House Foreign Affairs
Com, 172, 194-9, 201, 202-3, 237;
House Ways & Means Com, 57;
Senate Foreign Relations Com, 173,
201, 237, 282
Congress of Industrial Organizations:
assessed, 320; & extmn, 63; & free
ports, 263; & mass mtgs, 87-9, 93-
4; & rescue, 150, 230; & Rescue
Resol, 199
Congress Weekly, 63, 70, 101, 109
Connally, Tom, 201, 253
Coughlin, Charles E., 9
Cox, Oscar, 183, 186-7, 202-3, 214n,
313, 385, 387
Cretzianu, Alexander, 219-20, 220n
Culbertson, Paul T., 43, 278
Curran, Edward L., 9
Cyrenaica. See Libya
Daughters of the American Revolution,
7
Davis, Elmer, 77-8, 315
Day of Compassion, 65, 102-3, 318
Day of Mourning, 71
Dewey, Thomas E., 88, 172, 173
Dexter, Robert c., 227
Dickstein, Samuel, 55-6, 110n, 121,
151, 198, 273-4, 275-6, 317
Dodds, Harold W., 108, 112-17
passim, 120, 341-2
DuBois, Josiah E., Jr., 182, 186, 187,
190n, 203n, 239, 258, 287
Dulles, Allen W., 314
Dunn, James c., 81, 145, 191
Durbrow, Elbridge, 44, 81
Eaker, Ira c., 299, 303n
Early, Stephen, 90, 149
Edelstein, M. Michael, 14
Eden, Anthony, 96-8, 239
Eichmann, Adolf, 4, 228, 235, 243, 244-
5, 247
Einstein, Albert, 158-9, 273
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 117, 257, 293,
325
Elting, Howard, Jr., 43, 44
Emergency camps plan, 261-8, 400
Emergency Com to Save the Jewish
People of Europe: attacks on, 168,
194-5, 200-1, 202; & bombing
l~sue, 295; 1st actions, 147-56;
formed, 146-7; & free ports, 263; &
Hebrew Com, 254; & Hungary, 252-
3; & intellectuals, 320; & Palestine
camps, 253; & poison gas, 295n; &
Rescue Resol, 155-6, 316-17, & ch
11; summary, 328
Emergency Conference to Save the
Jewish People of Europe, 144-7, 150
Emergency Refugee Shelter. See
Oswego camp
Emerson, Herbert, 111-12, 138, 139&
n, 214
Exchanges, civilian, 276-7
Excuses for non-rescue, 66, 76, 98-9,
105, 107, 111-12, 113, 114-15, 121,
135n, 182, 189, 197, 266-7, 291-3,
293, 298, 307, 335-9, 342-3, 418
Extermination, knowledge of: among
AmJews, 327, 362, 416; 1st rpts of
extmn, 19-24, 30, 42-53, 58, 61-6,
71, 75-6, 79, 80, 96, 167; problem of
dissemination of information, 26-8,
61-6, 79, 86, 91-2, 93-4, 95, 102,
146-7, 204, 252, 311, 321-2, 326-7,
330, 334; question of credibility, 26-
7, 29-30, 51, 53, 65-6, 79, 189, 322-
7, 415; rpts of dptns, 30, 38, 39, 45,
48, 50, 55, 80, 235-7
Fedala camp. See North Africa camp
Federal Bureau of Investigation, 129,
132, 149n, 346, 367
Federal Council of Churches, 25, 65,
93, 101-3, 151, 263, 317, 318
Feeding proposals & programs: at Ber
Cf, 115; & British blockade, 281-3;
debate on in US, 280-3; at
Emergency Cf, 146; & Greece, 281,
336, 338, 404; & State Dept, 47, 76,
88-9, 281; summary, 333; WRB,
280, 283-4
Feis, Herbert, 180, 185
Ferguson, Homer, 194, 203, 396
Film industry, 322, 325, 415
Fort Ontario refugee shelter. See
Oswego camp
Frankfurter, Felix, 45, 54-5, 316
Free ports plan, 261-8, 400
Gerhardt, Harrison A., 293-7 passim
Gillette, Guy M., 146, 155, 193-4, 200-
4 passim, 282, 396
Goldmann, Nahum, 110, 162, 176, 179,
187-8, 199
Goldmann plan, 187-8
Goldstein, Israel, 101, 122, 167, 365
Grafton, Samuel, 263, 264
Great Britain: & Ber Cf, ch 6; & Brand
affair, 244-5; & camps in North
Africa, 260-1, 335; & civilian
exchanges, 276-7; fear of rescue, 97-
9, 105, 114-15, 120, 159, 182& n,
239, 244-5, 331, 337, 342; & food
proposals, 281-4 passim, 333, 336,
338, 405; & French children, 233; &
Goldmann plan, 188; & Horthy
offer, 239 & n; & ICR, 119, 138-9,
239; & non-Jewish refs, 227-8, 335,
338-9; Palestine policy, 98, 115, 157-
9, 172, 180, 239; public response to
extmn, 23-4, 104-5, 323n; record
assessed, xi, 334; rescue policy, x, 98,
105, 114-19, 122, 123, 182; &
Riegner plan, 181-3; & Riegner rpt,
44; & Rumanian proposal, 82-4,
366; & UN decln (1942), 73-5; &
war crimes issue, 257, 258; &
Warsaw uprising (1944), 305-6; &
~, 212-13, 216, 219, 220, 291,
334. See also British blockade
authorities
Greek feeding program, 281
Greek refugees, 159, 305, 338-9, 343n
Green, William, 24, 63, 88, 146, 263
Gustav V (king of Sweden), 238
Hadassah, 169, 171 & n
Handler, Milton, 214n, 385
Harrison, Leland, 50, 179, 181, 184,
186
Hayes, Carlton]. H., 136, 211, 222,
223-6, 224n, 280
Hearst, William Randolph, 144, 146,
147-8, 194, 253, 263, 317
Heathcote-Smith, Clifford, 140, 229
Hebrew Com of National Liberation,
253-4, 328, 346
Hebrew Sheltering & Immigrant Aid
Society, 128, 132, 271, 330
Hechaluz, 169n, 233, 393
Hecht, Ben, 63, 70, 86-7, 86n, 90, 147,
154-5
Held, Adolph, 72-3
Henderson, Leon, 154
Herlands Report, 10
HICEM, 132
Hickerson, John D., 81
HIJEFS, 247
Himmler, Heinrich, 28, 39, 52, 247,
298; & secret negotiations, 231, 243-
51 passim
Hinsley, Arthur, 23-4, 88, 104
Hirschmann, Ira A., 149-50, 215-20,
220n, 221, 239-40, 244
Hitler, Adolf, 53, 251
Holocaust. See Jews, Nazi extmn of
Hoover, Herbert, 144, 146, 148, 282,
317
Horthy, Miklos, 238-40, 241, 392
Horthy offer, 233, 238-40, 392
Hull, Cordell: & Ber Cf, 100; &
Bergsonites, 144-5, 149; & deptns
from France, 36; & free ports, 262;
& Hungary, 237; & Moscow Cf, 154
& n; & rescue, 97-8, 184-5, 185n,
190, 191, 313; & Riegner plan, 181-
2, 184-5; & Vinel affair, 278; &
WRB, 210
Hungary, ch 13; escape hopes, 228,
229, 233, 390, 393; help to Budapest
Jews, 225, 240-3, 285, 288-9, 290,
294, 300-1, 393
Ickes, Harold L., 47, 55, 146, 148, 271,
273, 274, 313, 317
Immigration into US, x, 5-6, 100, 124-
6, 136&n, 266, 274, 336
Intergovernmental Com on Refugees:
background, 107, 108, 371; & Ber
Cf, 106-7, 108, 118-19, 120, 124; &
Emerson, 111-12; Long &, 137-8,
196-7; record, 137-41, 156, 188,
190, 278, 337; & WRB, 214
Interior, Department of, 268, 313
International Red Cross, 212, 214n,
246; & feeding programs, 281, 283-
4, 333; & Hungary, 237, 238, 240,
242
Irgun group, 84-6, 85n, 149& n, 367
Jackson, Robert H., 259-60
"Jew Deal, " 15n, 107
Jewish Agency for Palestine, 82, 159,
169n, 176n, 217-18, 220, 226, 236-
7, 251, 290
Jewish Army plan, 84 & n
Jewish Frontier, 40, 48-9, 101, 120, 123
452
Jewish Labor Bund (Poland), 21, 40,
53, 58, 123
Jewish Labor Com: & AJCf, 161, 162,
166, 170; described, 68, 329; &
emergence of WRB, 204; & 1st rpts
of extmn, 24; & JEC, 93, 169; &
mass mtgs, 87
Jewish press, 24, 28, 47-9, 62-3, 71,
92, 120, 201, 254, 263, 327n. See
also Yiddish press
Jewish Telegraphic Agency, 20, 48, 62,
197
Jews, American: summary of disunity,
328-9, 347; summary of overall
response, xi, 327 -30
Jews, Nazi extermination of, 3-5, 5n,
19-24, 29-35, 38-40, 42-3, 45, 48-
53, 58, 75, 80, 96, 103, 167 &n, 221,
228, 235-6, 334, 406
Johnson, Edwin c., 87, Ill, 146, 194
Johnson, Herschel V., 229, 230-1
Joint Chiefs of Staff, US, 117, 282, 293,
295n
Joint Emergency Com on European
Jewish Affairs: & Ber Cf, 109-11,
120-1; & Congress, 94-5; & Day of
Compassion, 102-3; demise of, 168-
9, 379; & Eden, 97-8; & emergence
of WRB, 204; & FDR, 100, 365;
formation of, 93; mass mtgs, 93-4; &
State Dept, 95-8, 100; summary,
328. See a/so Temporary Com
Joy, Charles R., 211, 267
Kalmanowitz, Abraham, 296
Karski, Jan, 322 & n, 329, 415
Kasztner, Rudolf, 245
Katzki, Herbert, 220
Keppel, Frederick P., 129-30, 131
Kershner, Howard, 282
Kersten, Felix, 231, 395, 405
Killing centers, 4-5, 21, 22, 23, 40, 52,
80, 322, 324, 325, 415. See a/so
Auschwitz
Kingdon, Frank, 121
Koestler, Arthur, 324
Kook, Hillel. See Bergson, Peter H.
Kopecky, Jaromir, 290, 295
Kubowitzki, A. Leon, 295-6, 323
Labor movement, 26, 63, 71, 93-4,
150, 199, 230, 282, 320. See a/so
American Federation of Labor;
Congress of Industrial Organizations
La Guardia, Fiorello, 24, 71, 88, 146,
148, 194, 317
Land, Emory S., 217, 387
Langer, William, 143-4, 146, 153, 382
Latin American documents, as rescue
device, 277-9
Laval, Pierre, 31, 35, 36, 37
Law, Richard, 113, 114, 120, 122
Lehman, Herbert H., 24, 316
Lerner, Max, 144-9 passim
Libya, 111, 116, 212, 260
Lichtheim, Richard, 80, 167n
Lidice massacre, 28-9, 326
Life 63, 267, 322, 415
Lippmann, Walter, 320
Long, Breckinridge: & Ber Cf, 106, 108-
9, 111, 117, 122; characterized, 190,
191 & n, 313; & Emergency Com,
149-50, 155, 156; fails to act, 80,
191; & Goldmann plan, 187-8; &
ICR, 137-8; & imgn, 100, 125, 137;
opposes rescue agency, 153 & n;
posts, 105 & n, 198; & Rescue Resol,
195-8, 203-4; & Riegner plan, 180-
1, 184-5; & shipping issue, 336; &
3rd War Powers Bill, 57
Los Angeles Times, 26, 38
Lowrie, Donald A., 32, 33, 36, 39
Lucas, Scott, 108, 112, 116, 143-4,
153, 316, 341-3, 343n
Lutz, Charles, 393
Luxford, Ansel, 183, 188
Malin, Patrick M., 138 & n, 139 & n,
197, 214
Mann, James H., 224, 225, 296-7
Mass media, xi, 27-8, 205; &
Auschwitz rpt, 289; & Ber Cf, 113,
119-20; & Day of Mourning, 71; &
dptns from France, 37-8; &
Emergency Cf, 147; & 1st rpts of
extmn, 19-20, 21-3, 61-4, 61n, 70,
73, 76, 80-1; & food programs, 282;
& free ports, 263-4; & Hungary,
236, 252; & mass mtgs, 26, 89, 91-2,
93-4; & Oswego camp, 267, 268,
274, 275-6; & rabbis' march, 153; &
Rescue Resol, 194, 197; summary on,
321-2, 323, 324-7, 330, 360, 363,
415, 416; & UN dedn (1942), 75
Mass meetings & demonstrations, 24-6,
53, 87-92, 93-4, 107, 110, 168, 169-
70, 172, 252, 327n
Mayer, Saly, 245-51 passim, 395
McClelland, Roswell, 36, 232-3, 237,
245-50 passim, 284, 285-6, 289,
294, 324
McCloy, John J., 210, 256, 267, 286,
291-7 passim, 305, 323
McDonald, James G., 45-6, 315
McIntyre, Marvin, 152
Meltzer, Bernard, 180, 185
Merlin, Samuel, 85, 86n
Miller, Irving, 199
Ministry of Economic Warfare. See
British blockade authorities
Monsky, Henry, 72-3, 161, 167, 329
Morgenthau, Henry, Jr.: & Brand
affair, 244; & emergence ofWRB,
183-7, 203-4, 205; & Emergency Cf,
145; & Emergency Com, 150; &
FDR, 214-15, 225, 228, 315; & food
programs, 284; & free ports, 262; &
Musy affair, 250; & Oswego camp,
264-5; & Riegner plan, 181-6; &
Rumanian proposal, 82-3; & Vinel
affair, 278; & WRB, 210-11, 239,
256, 286-7
Murphy, Frank, 320-1
Murray, James, 14, 194n, 396
Murray, Philip, 63, 121, 146
Murray, Wallace, 106n, 191
Musy affair, 248-51, 331
Nation, 28, 63, 89-9O, 197-8, 263, 320
National Catholic Welfare Conference,
286n, 319, 388
National Com Against Nazi Persecution
& Extermination of the Jews, 320-1
National Refugee Service, 127, 128,
271, 274
National War Fund, 318 & n, 319
Nativism, 7, 56-8, 190, 327
Nazi extermination of the Jews. See
Jews, Nazi extmn of
New Republic, 28, 63, 109, 150, 173,
197, 252, 263, 320
Newsweek, 57, 63, 415
New York Herald Tribune, 87, 89, 263,
321
New York Post, 89, 147n, 173, 194,
195, 197, 201, 263, 321
New York Times, 26, 38, 76, 82, 84, 86,
89, 95, 119, 137, 197, 198, 218, 236,
263, 299n; assessment of, 321 & n,
323; rpts on extmn, 20, 21, 22-3, 62,
73, 81-2; mentioned, 88, 102, 120,
143, 151
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 64, 121, 122, 150,
171n, 318, 320
Niles, David, 90, 264, 315
North Africa camp (Fedala), 117n, 188,
226, 260-1, 333, 335, 339; at Ber Cf,
116-17; & ICR, 141; plans for, 112;
& US visa policy, 127-8; & War
Dept, 293
O'Dwyer, William, 271 & n, 273, 284,
286-7, 406
Office of Strategic Services, 224n, 314
Office of War Information, 64, 90, 148,
224n, 237-8, 252, 257; & extmn
news, 77-8, 79; & impact of
atrocities information, 327; record of,
315
Olsen, Iver c., 229-31, 241, 243
Oswego camp, 261, 266, 339; & anti-
Semitism, 275-6, 276n; efforts for
release of internees, 269-72, 272-4;
genesis of, 228, 264-6; life at, 268-
73 & nn, 274 & n, 275; public
response to, 267-8; reactions of
townspeople to, 269, 275 & n; &
subversion, 337; Truman &, 273-5
Palestine: British imgn restraints, 157-
9, 172; receives early rpts of extmn,
52; as haven, 116, 157, 172, 180, 328;
ICR &, 139n; & non-Jewish refs, 339
& n; refugee ships to, 158-9
Palestine camps (shelters) plan, 253
Palestine Resolution, 172-4, 252, 396
"Passive anti-Semitism, " 12, 327
Paul, Randolph, 183, 184, 191, 203
Pearson, Drew, 279
Pegler, Westbrook, 267, 275
Pehle, John W.: assessment of WRB,
287; & bombing issue, 291, 294, 295,
297, 304, 324n; & emergence of
WRB, 203, 205; & food programs,
283; & free ports, 263; & illegal use
of Polish code, 250; & Oswego
camp, 264-5; & Riegner plan, 183,
184; & Rosenman, 256; & State
Dept, 189; & WRB, 210-11, 213-
14, 214, 224, 225, 244, 258, 286-7,
386
Pell, Herbert C., 257-60
Peli, Robert T., 137
Philippeville camp, 228, 261, 339, 399
Pius XII, Pope, 34n, 47, 75, 229, 238,
334-5, 392. See also Vatican
PM, 11, 147, 217n, 320, 321, 414
Polish government-in-exile: & bombing
issue, 296-7; & 1st rpts of extmn,
22, 50, 52; helps Orthodox Jewish
orgzns, 46, 248 & n, 250, 290; &
Warsaw ghetto, 40; & Warsaw
uprising (1944), 305-6
Polish refugees, 98, 159, 188n, 293,
305, 335, 338-9, 343n
President's Advisory Com on Political
Refugees: & Ber Cf, 111; & children,
37, 133, 133-4; & free ports, 263; &
Long, 198; record of, 315, 411; &
Riegner rpt, 54; & visa policies, 125,
129, 134; & Wise, 47
Prisoners of war, 338 & n
Proskauer, Joseph M., 94, 96-7, 109-
10, 112, 163
Protestant press, 101, 317-18, 412-13.
See also Christian Century
Public opinion polls: Americans' main
interests, 327n; anti-Semitism, 14-15,
359; atrocities, 326, 327, 416; extmn,
79, 326; free ports, 264, 400; food
programs, 282, 405; ref imgn, 8-9
Public response to extermination,
factors involved, x-xi, 62, 78, 205,
317-27, 327n, 330
Rabbis' pilgrimage, 152-3, 153n
Rab Island, 293, 294n, 407
Radio broadcasts, 322, 324
Randall, Mercedes M., 317-18
Rankin, John, 14
Ransom proposals, 82-4, 233, 243-51,
251, 331, 395
Reams, R. Borden, 73-5, 76, 99, 112-
13, 115, 145, 180, 181, 189, 191
Refugee aid agencies: & children, 36-7,
133-4; & Congress, 316; & dptns
from France, 30-9 passim; & ICR,
141; & Oswego camp, 269, 271, 273,
274; & rescue, 330; resist imgn cuts,
8; & visa policy, 126-9, 135-6, 316;
& WRB, 211-15 passim
Rescue, proposals for, 15, 21, 25, 29,
49, 76-8, 86, 88-9, 96-7, 101, 111,
113, 146, 331-5, 339-40, 384
Rescue Resolution, 155-6, 168, 186,
192, 384, & ch 11
Restrictionism: in Congress, 7-8, 56-7,
151, 276n; & Oswego camp, 267-8,
275; & US ref policy, 6-8, 56-8,
197
Reynolds, Robert R., 7, 268
Riegner, Gerhart: & bombing issue,
290, 295; extmn rpts, 42-3, 50, 58,
80, 167n, 178-9, 184, 236, 362
Riegner plan, 178, 179-84, 410
Riegner report, 42-7, 49-51, 53-5, 74,
178-9, 362
Rogers, Will, Jr., 148, 155, 194, 199
Roosevelt, Eleanor: & Bergsonites, 91-
2, 145-6, 148-9, 156, 376; &
children, 37, 133, 134; & early rpts
of extmn, 46; & food programs,
282n; & Hayes, 225; & Oswego
camp, 271-2, 273; & Struma, 159,
339; summary, 315
Roosevelt, Franklin D., x, xi, 58, 97-8,
103, 148, 153, 154, 172, 191, 294; &
Am Jews, 204n, 410-11; avoids 400
rabbis, 152-3; aware of extmn, 72,
322n; & Ber Cf, 108-9, 109n, 122; &
Bergsonites, 144-5, 147, 149; &
bombing issue, 295, 307n, 410; &
Brand affair, 244; & Congress, 55, 56-
7, 57-8; considers action (1943),
156; & early rpts of extmn, 45-6, 62;
& emergence of WRB, 184, 187, 203,
204; & food programs, 282-3, 284,
405; & free ports, 261-8; & Hayes,
225; & H. Pell, 257, 258-9; &
Hungary, 237, 396; & ICR, 138; &
imgn policy, 100, 124, 125, 136-7; &
JEC, 168; & mass mtgs, 89, 90; mtg
with Jewish congressmen, 100, 365,
410; mtgs with Jewish leaders, 71-3,
173, 180, 365; & North Mrica camp,
117; & Oswego camp, 264-6, 269,
271; & PAC, 315; & Palestine issue,
173-4; & poison gas, 295n; & press
cfs, 62, 323, 364; & refs to Italy, 228;
refuses to see Jewish leaders, 100,
365, 410; & Rescue Resol, 193, 194;
& Riegner plan, 180; & Rosenman,
316; & Rumanian proposal, 82; &
shipping, 336; summary &
evaluation, 311-13, 334-5, 337, 364;
& Virgin Islands plan, 47; & war
crimes, 24, 29, 72-3, 237, 255-7,
258-9, 261; & Warsaw uprising
(1944), 306, 307n, 410; Wise &, 69,
365, 410; & WRB, 210-11, 211n,
214, 285, 287. See also "Jew Deal"
Rosenheim, Jacob, 45-6, 67, 120-1,
290-2, 294
Rosenman, Samuel I., 153, 156, 256,
259-60, 316
Rumanian proposal (to release 70, 000
Jews), 82-4
Russia: & Brand affair, 245; & Polish
refs, 338; record of, xi, 118, 211,
220, 257, 326n, 334, 415; &
Wallenberg, 243
Sagalowitz, Benjamin, 42-3
Schellenberg, Walter, 248-9
Schwarzbart, Ignacy, 21, 24, 27, 52
Shipping issue, 98, 113-14, 114n, 115-
16, 128, 134, 197, 217 & n, 227-8,
267, 293, 332, 335-6, 339, 342-3,
418
Shulman, Herman, 110, 168, 199
Sikorski, Wladyslaw, 29
Silver, Abba Hillel: & AJCf, 163-4,
170, 176; & Am Zionist Emergency
Council, 171; on Ber Cf, 122; conflict
with Wise, 173-4; described, 163,
171, 329, 378; & FDR, 171, 173-4,
365; & Palestine Resol, 173-4, 252;
& Rescue Resol, 199
Silverman, Samuel S., 44, 54
Smart, Joseph, 271, 273
Smith, Alfred E., 194, 237, 263, 317
Smith, Gerald 1. K., 9-10
Somers, Andrew, 149, 396
Spain: & Ber Cf, 115-19; ref problem
in, 112, 133, 221-7, 388; &
Sephardic Jews, 225, 280
Spellman, Francis J., 168, 237
Squire, Paul c., 50
State Department: anti-alien attitudes
in, 127, 190; anti-Semitism in, 190&
n; & Ber Cf, 89, 124, ch 6, appendix
A; & Bergson, 346; causes for its
policy, 189-91; & children, 36-7,
133-4, 233, 391; & civilian
exchanges, 276, 277; & Congress,
151, 316; consulates, 134-6; deceit
of, 106-7, 116, 133, 186, 205; &
dptns from France, 36-7; &
Emergency Cf, 144-5; failure to act,
79-80, 89, 156, ch 10 (esp 187-91),
205, 333; fear of rescue, 99, 107, 114-
15, 120, 180, 189 & n, 266-7, 331,
342-3; & feeding proposals, 47, 281-
3; & 1st rpts of extmn, 22, 24, 43-5,
46, 49-51, 54, 65-6, 65n, 73-5, 79,
179; & free ports, 262, 266; & ICR,
137-9, 141, 149, 153n, 156, 181, 183-
4, 187-8, 189, 190, 205; imgn policy,
x, 5-6, 34, 39, 100, 113-14, 124-37,
190, 266; indicted by Treasury, 187;
& JEC, 95-8, 100; & Latin Am
documents, 277-80; & North Africa
camp, 260-1; opposes rescue agency,
183, 195-7, 204; & Palestine issue,
159, 172, 172-3, 173, 190, 253; &
poison gas, 295n; policy toward Jews,
x, 6, 103, 113-19, 122, 123; &
Riegner plan, 179-86; & Rumania,
82-4, 219, 366; & shipping, 335-6;
summary on, 313-14; suppression of
information by, 44, 45, 65, 80-1,
179, 186; Visa Division, 125-8
passim, 134-7 passim, 373; & war
State Department (cont.)
crimes issue, 73-5, 258-60; & WRB,
210, 211, 212, 222-3, 224, 285, 314
Steinhardt, Laurence A., 216, 217 & n,
219, 239-40, 244
Sternbuch, Isaac, 45-6, 46, 247-8,
248n, 248-51, 289-91, 301, 331, 395
Stettinius, Edward R., ]r., 156 & n,
191, 210, 212, 256, 258, 259, 293-4,
398
Stimson, Henry L., 203, 210, 262, 305,
314, 399, 410
Stone, 1. F., 217n, 266, 396
Struma, 158-9, 339
Subversion issue, 114, 116, 125, 126&
n, 127, 129-33, 158n, 159, 216 & n,
218, 223, 224, 260, 269, 336-7, 418
Sweden, 153-4, 231n, 237-42 passim,
266
Synagogue Council of America, 25, 68,
93, 122
Taft, Robert A., 194, 203, 282, 396
Taylor, Myron c.: & Ber Cf, 108, 138
& n; & deptns from Italy, 229; &
Emergency Cf, 144; & Hayes, 224n;
& ICR, 137, 138; &]EC, 96-7, 100;
& Riegner rpt, 47, 51, 55; & WRB,
214
Temple, William, 48, 88, 105, 108
Temporary Com, 47, 51, 54, 67-73, 93,
328
Thackrey, Ted 0., 195
Third War Powers Bill, 56-7, 268
Thomas, Elbert, 146, 153, 194, 201,
282, 396
Thompson, Dorothy, 63-4, 172, 263,
320
Time 63, 152, 153, 322
Transnistria concentration camps, 80,
82-3, 86, 179, 180, 218, 219-20, 285
Transportation issue. See Shipping issue
Travers, Howard K., 135, 191, 262
Treasury Department: & emergence of
WRB, 183-7, 203, 204, 205; & food
programs, 283; & illegal use of Polish
code, 250; & Rescue Resol, 202-3; &
Riegner plan, 180-6; & subversion
issue, 132-3; & WRB, 210-11, 222,
228, 313
Truman, Harry S, 143, 174, 259-60,
273, 273-5
Tuck, Pinkney, 36, 37
UN Declaration on War Crimes (1942),
66, 73-6
Unemployment issue, 6-7
Union of Orthodox Rabbis of US &
Canada: & Agudath Israel, 68-9; &
AJCf, 162; & Bergsonites, 384; &
bombing issue, 289-92; &
emergence of WRB, 204; & JEC, 93;
protests massacres, 25; & rabbis'
march, 152; & Vaad Hahatzala, 247;
& Vittel affair, 278-9
Unitarian Service Com, 39, 131, 224n,
263, 317, 388
United]ewish Appeal, 213-14, 347,
386
United Press, 22, 23, 38, 236, 321
UNRRA, 139, 140n, 213n, 228, 338
UN War Crimes Commission, 257-60
Vaad Hahatzala, 46, 202, 214, 248-52
passim, 296, 330
Valentin-Smith, Victor, 140-1
Van Nuys, Frederick, 194n, 203
van Paassen, Pierre, 86 & n, 147
Vatican, 29, 49, 75, 237, 238, 279. See
also Pius XII
Visser 't Hooft, Willem A., 337
Vittel camp, 277-9
Vrba, Rudolf, 288-9, 335
Vrba-Wetzler report. See Auschwitz
report
Wagner, Robert F., 94-5
Wallace, Henry A., 47, 55, 152, 315,
321
Wallenberg, Raoul, 240-3 passim, 334,
393
War crimes issue, 21, 29; & Congress,
95; UN decln (1942), 73-6, 104; UN
War Crimes Commission, 257-60;
warnings, 23, 24, 72-3, 154, 237,
238, 243, 255-7, 261, 331, 397;
WRB &, 255-9
War Department: & bombing issue, xi,
334, ch 15; & North Africa camp,
117, 293; Operations Division, 291-
3, 294, 297-8, 307; & Oswego camp,
265; & Palestine Resol, 172, 173;
rescue policy, 291-4, 307, 314, 334;
& shipping, 336; & UNRRA, 407; &
war crimes issue, 257, 259; &
Warsaw uprising (1944), 306; &
WRB, 210, 212, 222, 284, 291-301
passim, 304, 305, 307, 407.Seea&o
Joint Chiefs of Staff
War Refugee Board: assessment of, x,
285-7, 331, 335; & "assimilation, "
283-4, 405; & Auschwitz rpt, 324-5,
324n, 325n; & bombing issue, 290,
291, 294-5, 296-8, 324n; & ci~ilian
exchanges, 276-7; emergence of, 183-
7, 203-5, 330; ending of, 406; &
food programs, 280, 283-4, 405; &
free ports, 261-8; funding problem,
213-14, 285, 330, 386; & Hungary,
236-52; & Italy, 227-9, 264; &
Latin Am documents, 277-9, 404;
number of people it helped to save,
285, 405-6; operations from Turkey,
215-21; & Oswego camp, 264-7,
269, 271, 273; & Palestine issue, 253;
& poison gas, 295n; & Portugal, 227;
& ransom negotiations, 244-51; &
Rosenman, 316; search for havens,
256, 260-7; & Sephardic Jews, 280;
setting up of, 210-15; & Spain, 221-
7; & Sweden, 229-31; & Switzerland,
231-4; & war crimes warnings,
255-9; weaknesses of, 209-15, 285-
7
War Relocation Authority, 268, 270,
271, 273
Warren, George 1., 126n, 315; & Ber
Cf, 110, 112, 342n; & free ports, 262;
& PAC, 315; & visa policies, 126-7;
& WRB, 210, 249
Warsaw ghetto, 40, 45, 48, 50, 51, 123,
169, 337n
Warsaw uprising (1944), 305-7
War Shipping Administration, 217,
261, 313, 336
Washington Post, 70n, 73, 111, 151,
153, 321
Weizmann, Chaim, 88, 160
Welles, Sumner: & Ber Cf, 109-11,
112; & child refs, 133, 134; & dptns
from France, 36; & early rpts of
extmn, 44-5, 46, 49-51, 54, 362; &
Emergency Cf, 144; fails to act, 80,
190-1, 339; & ICR, 141; &JEC,
96-8, 100, 109-11, 168; & Rumanian
proposal, 82-3; & suppression
of information issue, 80-1,
179
Wetzler, Alfred, 288-9
"We Will Never Die" pageant, 90-2
White Paper (1939), 157-8, 160, 172,
180, 339; opposition to by Am Jewry,
159-60, 162-3, 170, 172, 175, 328,
378
Willkie, Wendell, 88, 145, 172, 194,
210-11, 225, 317, 321, 332
Winant, John G., 182, 184, 239 & n
Wise, Stephen S.: & AJCf, 161, 162,
167, 174; & Ber Cf, 100, 120; &
Bergsonites, 144, 346, 384; & Bloom,
121; & Celler, 121; & Christian
Century, 65-7; conflict with Silver,
173-4; & Congress, 94-5; described,
69-70, 70n, 329; early efforts for
action, 46-7, 49, 67, 77; & early rpts
of extmn, 43, 44-6, 50-1, 53-5, 362;
& Eden, 96-7; & Hungary, 252; &
JEC, 93, 96-7, 100, 169; & Madison
Square Garden mtg, 87-9; mtgs with
FDR, 71-3, 173, 180, 365, 410; &
Palestine Resol, 173-4, 252; press cfs
on extmn, 51, 61, 70; protests
massacres, 24, 25; & Rescue Resol,
168, 199 & n, 384; & Riegner plan,
179-80; & Temporary Com, 47, 51,
54, 67, 70-3, 93; trust in FDR, 69,
171, 173, 410; & UN decln (1942),
73, 74, 76
Women's International League for
Peace & Freedom, 317-18
World Jewish Congress: & AJCf, 167;
& Bergsonites, 144; & bombing
issue, 295; British section of, 22, 23,
458
World Jewish Congress (cont.)
44, 45, 54, 73; described, 68; &
emergence of WRB, 204; Geneva
office of, 42, 238; & Hungary, 252;
& Long, 198; & ransom issue, 251;
& rescue, 77-8, 169 & n, 226, 293,
330; & Riegner plan, 179-80; &
WRB, 214, 216
Yiddish press, 20, 28, 47-8, 55-6, 62,
71, 92, 165-6, 195, 327n
Yugoslav refugees, 159, ~06, 227-8,
264, 267, 293, 305, 335, 338-9, 343n
Zionism: Am Zionist leadership, xi, 77-
8, ch 9 (esp 175-7), 198-201, 202,
252, 253, 328, 384; Biltmore
Program, 160, 163, 164, 170, 172,
175; as a divisive issue in Am Jewry,
160, 161-2, 166-7, 169, 170, 175,
328; Palestine statehood campaign,
ch 9
Zygielbojm, Szmul, 21-2, 27, 123