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GREEN PARADISE LOST

Preface

An intellectual journey always has a beginning. It is possible the journey recorded in this book began in my earliest memory -- a memory of golden sunshine and of being a child small enough to play sheltered among the massive white and blue hydrangea bushes in my yard. The sun is warm, and I feel contented and companioned by all that is around me. I think this is where my religious feelings first joined my feelings for nature. I have always felt connected in some profound way with the ultimate transcendent dimension of my life whenever I have allowed myself to experience the mystery and majesty of the created world.

I am grateful to my strong Southern Baptist religious heritage which fostered my connection to the transcendent dimension of life and also my perception of nature as the foundational communication of the Creator God. I am also grateful to my experience of motherhood which has powerfully motivated me to anticipate and care deeply about the time of my children and grandchildren on this planet.

A journey also has companions. I know it is not fashionable in today's feminist climate to say it, but many of my most significant companions on this intellectual and spiritual journey have been males.

Male writers usually have nurturing women, but women writers seldom have nurturing men to sustain them. My husband David has nurtured my body and spirit, affirmed my thinking, and constantly rejoiced in my selfhood as I have pursued these concerns. I have been fortunate to be part of this constantly stimulating and emotionally energizing colleagueship for the more than twenty-two years of our marriage. David edited this book, typed the final manuscript for me, designed the book itself, and finally used a word processor to typeset the book. I am grateful for his sharing my commitment and making this a "labor of love."

This book also would not have been written without the nurturing space provided by a four-year seminar about "Critical Choices for the Future," led by Carroll Wilson at the MIT Sloan School of Management. This seminar first introduced me to the limits-to- growth issues in late 1972. It was David who first suggested I join them. It was my friend Scott Paradise who first encouraged me to focus in my writing upon "the woman's perspective" I had found myself articulating in the seminar. And finally it was Carroll Wilson who had set the affirming atmosphere of the seminar, so that we all supported and encouraged one another as we explored "new think" about a sustainable future.

The stages by which first insights became a full-length book were nudged along at critical points by my dear friend Fontaine Belford. I had written my first major paper on the subject, "The PsychoSexual Roots of Our Ecological Crisis" in December 1974, and her affirmation that this was important thinking encouraged me to press on. I expanded that original paper for a project we were working on together -- and it was she who challenged me to think and write about alternatives to the present view of things.

I have also been companioned for the last seven years by numbers of extraordinary women in the Theological Opportunities Program at Harvard Divinity School, whose depth of personhood in their mid-life blossoming gave me new insight and awareness of the different journey of a woman's life. Our students at Williams College, when we were visiting lecturers in the Environmental Studies Program during the fall of 1977, were most helpful in testing out various lines of thought. And I cannot forget my male as well as female colleagues in the U.S. Association for The Club of Rome. Their interest in and openness to these issues has led to continuing discussions in the Association about "The Masculine/ Feminine Dimensions of the Global Problematique."
 

The fatal flaw of Keynesian economics is that they are based on Malthusian premises: there is a surplus which has to be consumed, and Keynes is unable to distinguish between productive and parasitical ways of doing this. In more recent times, the Malthusian outlook has been promoted with great success by the sinister Club of Rome, founded by Alexander King and Aurelio Peccei. The Club of Rome sponsored that infamous hoax, the 1968 Meadows and Forrester Limits to Growth. This fraudulent study took a snapshot of the then-known reserves of the main industrial commodities, and then simply extrapolated when these would be gone, based on the current rate of consumption. Almost forty years later, not one of these dire predictions has come to pass, and known reserves of many raw materials are greater than they were in 1968.

In 1971-1973, the long period of world economic expansion associated with Franklin D. Roosevelt's Bretton Woods system and postwar economic reconstruction came to an end in a series of monetary crises that destroyed the most successful monetary arrangement the world had ever seen. Since 1971-73, long-term economic growth in the main industrial countries has been cut in half: from about 5% per year to about 2.5% per year. This, plus the later push for deindustrialization, is the main reason why living standards in the US have declined by about 50% over the same period, and the costs of essential services like health care and education have gone into the ionosphere. After 1971-73, we are no longer dealing with a normal economy, but with an increasingly sick one.

THE FAKE OIL SHOCKS OF THE 1970s

Building on the lies of the Club of Rome and the Limits to Growth, Wall Street, the City of London, and the Federal Reserve, backed by the Seven Sisters Anglo-American oil cartel, decided to jack up the price of oil to save the dollar while making western Europe and Japan foot the bill. This cynical maneuver was associated with Henry Kissinger's Kippur War in the Middle East of October 1973. After the hostilities began, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) announced an Arab oil boycott. In late December 1973, the OPEC speeches had become the pretext for a 400% increase in the price of oil carried out by banks and speculators in the commodity trading pits of New York and Chicago. OPEC was blamed, but OPEC was never the real cartel. OPEC was largely a Potemkin cartel. The real cartel were the Seven Sisters. Without the connivance of the Seven Sisters and their Royal Dutch Shell/British Petroleum leadership, none of OPEC's antics could have been made to stick. In reality, there had been no reduction in oil deliveries to the US. In December 1973, oil-bearing supertankers of the leading oil companies were put into a holding pattern on the high seas because storage facilities were already full to bursting with crude. But that did not stop greedy speculators from bidding up the price.

The plan for the entire exercise had been provided by Lord Victor Rothschild, the sometime head of a think tank attached to Royal Dutch Shell, the dominant force within the Seven Sisters oil cartel. The operation had been discussed at a meeting of the self-styled Bilderberger Group of finance oligarchs held at Saltsjobaden, Sweden on May 11-13, 1973. The effect of the oil price hike was to create a massive artificial demand for US dollars, thus effectively saving the greenback from a short-term collapse which would have ended its role as a reserve currency, and would have also ended the ability of US-UK finance to loot the world using this mechanism. In particular, if the posted price of oil were no longer expressed in dollars, then New York and London would no longer exercise de facto control over the oil reserves of the world. The 1973 oil crisis, followed by petrodollar recycling from the OPEC countries to David Rockefeller's Chase Manhattan Bank, kept the dollar in demand and thus prevented it from being dumped. Of course, the world paid the price for all this wizardry in the form of the deepest recession since World War II.

In 1978-79, Carter and Brzezinski, acting in the service of Brzezinski's lunatic thesis that Islamic fundamentalism was the greatest bulwark against Soviet communism, toppled the regime of the Shah of Iran. In line with this project, the U.S. also made sure that the Shah was replaced by Khomeini, who embodied the negation in toto of modern civilization. Having done so well on the fake 1973-74 oil crisis, the New York and London finance oligarchs decided to repeat the operation, this time using the spectre of Khomeini's self-styled Islamic revolution. This time prices went up by another 200%. When 1979 was over, it emerged that world oil production had not fallen, but the prices stayed up anyway. The 1979 doubling had more dramatic economic effects than the 1973 quadrupling, since the world economy was much weaker by 1979.

CHENEY WANTS $100 A BARREL OIL

When we see a book like Paul Roberts' The End of Oil being hyped by Lou Dobbs on CNN, accompanied by a barrage of articles in the controlled corporate media on this same line, we can see that an Anglo-American consensus in favor of $100 per barrel oil is developing. The rationale is not hard to find, and has little to do with geological facts: the US dollar is once again in terminal crisis, and oil at $100 per barrel would create a new wave of artificial demand, making the dollar a little more attractive for oil producers and others, and perhaps staving off for a few more years the end of its reserve currency and posted price status. It is reported that the center of the agitation for $100 a barrel oil is, not surprisingly, the Vice Presidential office of Dick Cheney, managed by the ruthless neocon operative Lewis I. "Scooter" Libby.

As far as the substantive argument about oil reserves is concerned, it is clear that oil should be used less and less as a fuel, and employed rather for petrochemicals. It is also clear that the internal combustion engine is now a technology that is more than 100 years old, and is due to be replaced. However, it is also clear that a growing world population and, hopefully, increased levels of world economic development will require greater energy sources. Every fixed array of human technology in world history has always defined certain components of the biosphere as usable resources, with the inevitable corollary that these resources would one day be exhausted. Under such conditions, the great imperative of human evolution cannot be retrenchment and austerity, but rather innovation, invention, discovery, and progress. If existing energy sources are insufficient, then science will have to find new ones, without ideological preclusions. Solar energy gathered outside the ionosphere in earth orbit might be one future solution. The one thing we must not do is to leap from a rising oil price to coerced population reduction, since that represents the core program of the Malthusian Anglo-American oligarchy, and has been in place as a policy goal since Kissinger's infamous NSSM 200 [2] and the Global 2000/Global Futures campaigns of the Muskie State Department under the disastrous Carter administration.

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2. US National Security Council, "Implications of Worldwide Population Growth for US Security and Overseas Interests," National Security Study Memorandum 200, December 10, 1974. This document posited a "special US political and strategic interest" in population reduction or limitation in many developing sector nations because of potential competition with the US for access to natural resources and raw materials. This amounted to a strategy of thinly veiled genocide, and facilitated US support for the murderous Pol Pot regime in Cambodia.

-- "9/11 Synthetic Terrorism Made in USA," by Webster Griffin Tarpley
 

But finally it was the women's movement itself which provided the strong intellectual current which flowed through my head in the five years this book was gestating. I began my exploration of feminism in 1972 in a seminar at the Episcopal Theological School, "Women's Liberation and the Value of Human Being," taught by Olga Craven Huchingson. My graduate professional training in the early 1950s and my subsequent life in the ministry had led me to regard myself as already "liberated." I was not prepared for the perceptiveness of the emerging feminist analysis of patriarchy.

When my concerns in the limits-to-growth field led me to ask, How did we ever think it was all right for us to do what we have done to nature? my readings in feminism and feminist theology began to suggest some tentative answers to that question. Valerie Saiving, Nancy Chodorow, Mary Daly, Rosemary Ruether, Elizabeth Janeway, and more recently Dorothy Dinnerstein -- I am indebted to them all through their writings. They have helped me step back from some of the conventional assumptions of our culture to take a new look at our "mythology of reality."

Ultimately, the problem of patriarchy is conceptual. The problem which patriarchy poses for the human species is not simply that it oppresses women. Patriarchy has erroneously conceptualized and mythed "Man's place" in the universe and thus -- by the illusion of dominion that it legitimates -- it endangers the entire planet. This is the issue which in this book I am addressing.

My hope is that this book will help you join others in fashioning a better way of thinking and living for yourself and for those who come after you -- a way that can be sustained and renewed not just for decades but for generations to come. I hope it will also leave you asking yourself: "What additional assumptions are there which are rooted in our male / female relationships and thus work quite unconsciously in our collective minds to undergird (and perhaps even conceal) what we are doing to ourselves, our world and our future?

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