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Editorial Notes Strauss to Kojeve, 6 December 1932 A postcard, written in German; two holes punched in along one edge, with a view to filing the card in a binder. Strauss to Kojeve, 13 December 1932 A postcard, written in French; holes punched in. Strauss to Kojeve, 17 December 1932 Written in German. The original is lost. The transcription is based on a photocopy. Strauss to Kojeve, from 47 Montague Street, London A postcard, written in English, probably in early 1933. The original is lost. The transcription is based on a photocopy of poor quality that shaved off some letters at the right-hand edge of several lines of the text. Additional text was lost because of the holes punched into the card. Strauss to Kojeve, 16 January 1934 Written in English. The original is lost. The transcription is based on a photocopy of poor quality. 1. Jacob Klein (1899-1978), Strauss's and Kojeve's life-long friend, took his doctorate in Marburg under Nicolai Hartmann. 2. Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-), long-time professor of philosophy at Heidelberg University, best known for his Wahrheit und Methode (1960; tr. Truth and Method, 1975). The "Correspondence Concerning Wahrheit und Methode" between Strauss and Gadamer has been published in The Independent Journal of Philosophy (1978), 2:5-12. See also: "Recollections of Leo Strauss: An Interview with Hans-Georg Gadamer," The Newsletter, Politics Department, University of Dallas, Spring 1978, 2: 4-7; and Ernest L. Fortin, "Gadamer on Strauss: An Interview," Interpretation (1984), 12: 1-14. Gadamer, Strauss and Kojeve met in Paris in Spring 1933. The Gadamer alias, "Moldauer," seems to have been a private joke between Strauss and Kojeve. 3. Heidegger's May 1933 Address upon assuming the Rectorship of Freiburg University a few months after the National Socialists' seizure of power. It has been translated and annotated by K. Harries under the title "The Self-Assertion of the German University," in The Review of Metaphysics, (1985),38: 470-480; page 474 of the translation corresponds to the page of the original publication w which Strauss refers. 4. Paul Ludwig Landsberg (1901-1944), studied with Husserl and Scheler; he was dismissed from his teaching position at the University of Bonn in 1933; he had by then published Pascals Berufung (Bonn, 1929), Die Welt des Mittelalters und wir (Bonn 1922) and Wesen und Bedeutung der platonischen Akademie (Bonn 1933); by the time his Einfuhrung in die philosophische Anthropologie came out (Frankfurt a/M, 1934), he had moved to France, where he published in the review Esprit, and was politically active. In 1943 he was arrested by the Gestapo in Pau. He died a year later in the Oranienburg Concentration Camp. 5. Alexandre Koyre (Rostov-on-Don 1892-Paris 1964), the distinguished historian of philosophy and of science; he had gone to study with Husserl and Hilbert in Germany around 1910; fought in the French army in World War 1, and settled in France, where he taught at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes. Strauss to Kojeve, from 2 Elsworthy Road, London Written in German, probably February or March 1934. The original is lost. The printed text is based on a transcription. 1. Julius Guttmann (1880-1950), best known for his Die Philosophie des Judentums, Munich, 1933 (Engl. tr. 1964); between 1922 and 1934 he was Director of the Akademie fur die Wissenschaft des Judentums, in Berlin. Strauss was associated with that Institute from 1925 to 1932. His "The Quarrel between the Ancients and the Moderns in the Philosophy of Judaism," subtitled "Remarks on Julius Guttmann's Philosophy of Judaism," stands as the opening essay w his first volume of collected essays, Philosophie und Gesetz. Guttman became professor of Jewish Philosophy at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1934. Strauss to Kojeve, 9 April, 1934 Written in German. The printed text is based on a poor photocopy of one side, and a transcription of the other side of a lost original into which holes had again been punched for filing purposes. 1. Dr. Zbigniew Lubienski, Die Grundlagen des ethisch-politischen Systems von Hobbes, Ernst Reinhardt, Munich, 1932. 2. Ferdinand Tonnies, Thomas Hobbes Leben und Lehre, Fromann, Stuttgart, 1886; 3rd enlarged ed., 1925. 3. "A recent and very competent writer (L Strauss in Recherches philosophiques, II, 610) has said that Hobbes was the true founder ofliberalism (in the continental sense), that his absolutism was liberalism in the making, and that both the critics and the opponents of any thoroughgoing liberalism should go back to Hobbes." John Laird, Hobbes, Benn, London 1934, p. 312, n. 1. Laird's reference is to Strauss's "Quelques remarques sur la science politique de Hobbes: a propos du livre recent de M. Lubienski," Recherches philosophiques, (1933),2: 609-622. 4. Strauss's stepson. 5. Strauss had addressed this letter to Monsieur Alexandre <sic> 15 bd. du Lycee, Vanves (Seine). It was returned -- Retour a l'envoyeur -- to 2 Elswonhy Rd., London N.W. 3 with the handwritten note that the addressee is "inconnu au 15 Bd. du Lycee." Thereupon Strauss wrote, in English, on the back of the envelope: "I am so sorry -- but why did the post not find you? To speak like an Englishman (Englishmen, you remember, like jokes about death, as they are most original people) -- are you dead or buried? The College of Arms decided the question concerning the Essays-Ms in the favorable sense: i.e. the Essays must be the earliest writings of Hobbes," and remailed the letter in a correctly addressed envelope. The essays have recently been published as Thomas Hobbes, Three Discourses. Edited by N. Reynolds and A. Saxonhouse. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997. Kojeve to Strauss, 1 May 1934 Written in German. 1. Serge Stavisky had started as a petty criminal, but soon managed a series of major financial swindles with the complicity of persons in the highest reaches of French finance, politics, and the police. When his house of cards collapsed, the police found him dead under suspicious circumstances and before he could implicate anyone. Nevertheless, the ensuing scandal brought down a government, caused riots in Paris in January 1934, and set off a wave of intense xenophobia. 2. Jacob Gordin (St. Petersburg ca. 1896-Paris 1947); was later associated with the Institut des Langues Orientales. He came to be viewed as one of the most influential figures in the postwar renewal of Jewish studies in the French-speaking world. 3. Fritz Heinemann (1889-1970), student of Hermarm Cohen, Professor at the University of Frankfurt a/M until forced to leave in 1933; he subsequently taught at Oxford. His Die Philosophie im XX. Jahrhundert (Stuttgart, 1959) contains brief allusions to Kojeve and to Strauss. Abel Rey (1873-1940), historian and philosopher of science. In 1932 Kojeve submitted a thesis on "L'idee du determinisme dans la physique classique et dans la physique moderne" to him, with a view to obtaining a doctorat es lettres. It has been edited by Dominique Auffret, and published by Le livre de poche, Paris, 1990. 4. Georges Gurvitch (St. Petersburg 1894-Paris 1966),had emigrated to France after completing his studies in Germany. His Les tendances actuelles de la philosophie allemande: E. Husserl, M. Scheler, E. Lask, M. Heidegger (Vrin, 1930), was based on a course of lectures he delivered at the Sorbonne in the preceding year. Later he became best known as a sociologist. During World War II he taught at the Graduate Faculty of the New School for Social Research in New York. From 1948 until the time of his death he taught at the Sorbonne. At the time of this letter of Kojeve's, the phenomenologist Aron Gurwitsch (Vilna 1901-New York 1973) was also living in Paris. Strauss to Kojeve, 3 June 1934 Written in German. The original is lost. The transcription is based on a defective photocopy. 1. Mitleben. Strauss Kojeve, 9 May 1935 Written in German. 1. Jacob Klein, "Die griechische Logistik und die Entstehung der Algebra," Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte der Mathematik, Astronomie und Physik, Abteilung B: Studien, vol. 3, fasc. 1 (Berlin, 1934), pp. 18-105 (Part I); fasc. 2 (1936), pp. 122-235 (Part II); translated by Eva Brann under the title Greek Mathematical Thought and the Origin of Algebra, The M.I.T. Press, 1968. 2. Philosophie und Gesetz. Beitrage zum Verstandnis Maimunis und seiner Vorlaufer, Schocken, Berlin, 1935; translated by Fred Baumann as Philosophy and Law, Essays Toward the Understanding of Maimonides and His Predecessors, The Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia, 1987; and by Eve Adler as Philosophy and Law: Contributions to the Understanding of Maimonides and His Predecessors, SUNY, 1995. Kojeve to Strauss, 2 November 1936 Written in German. 1. The Political Philosophy of Hobbes: Its Basis and Its Genesis, tr. Elsa M. Sinclair, foreword Ernest Barker; Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1936. 2. vorgegebene Gegebenheiten. 3. aufgegebene Werte. Kojeve to Strauss, 22 June 1946 Written in German. 1. "Farabi's Plato," Louis Ginzberg Jubilee Volume, New York: Academy for Jewish Research, 1945, pp. 357-393; reprinted in abbreviated and modified form as the "Introduction" to Persecution and the Art of Writing, The Free Press of Glencoe, 1952. 2. Raymond Queneau (1903-1976), the witty, inventive, and prolific writer, and editor at Gallimard. 3. Eric Weil (1904-1977) wrote his dissertation under Ernst Cassirer, as had Strauss. In 1933 he settled in Paris, where he attended Kojeve's seminar. After the War he taught at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, and subsequently at the Universities of Lille and of Nice. 4. Klein came to America in 1938, and soon after his arrival began teaching at St. John's College in Annapolis. He served as Dean of the College from 1949 to 1958. Kojeve to Strauss, 8 April 1947 Written in German. 1. Most probably "The Law of Reason in the Kuzari," Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research (1943), 13, pp. 47-96; reprinted in Persecution and the Art of Writing, The Free Press, 1952, pp. 95-141; and "On Classical Political Philosophy," Social Research (1945), 12, pp. 98-117; reprinted in What is Political Philosophy? The Free Press, 1959, pp. 78-94. 2. Alexandre Koyre, Discovering Plato, Columbia University Press, 1945. 3. Logique de la philosophie, Paris, 1950, which was Weil's these principale. His these complimentaire was a short but useful book on Hegel et l'etat. While these works were heavily under the influence of Kojeve's Hegelianism, Weil's later works became increasingly neo-Kantian. Strauss to Kojeve, 22 August 1948 Typewritten in German. 1. Foreword by Alvin Johnson; Political Science Classics, New York, 1948. 2. Introduction a la lecture de Hegel, Paris, Gallimard, 1947. 3. "the rational animal." 4. Nietzsche, Thus Spake Zarathustra, Zarathustra's Prologue, section 5. Strauss to Kojeve, 6 December 1948 Typewritten in English. Strauss to Kojeve, 13 May 1949 Written in German. 1. Kojeve's Esquisse d'une phenomenologie du droit was initially written during the War, in 1943; it was published posthumously by Gallimard, in 1982. Kojeve to Strauss, 26 May 1949 Written in German. Strauss to Kojeve, 27 June 1949 Written in German. 1. Soma sema; Greek pun: "the body is a tomb"; see Plato, Gorgias, 493a 3, Cratylus 400c 2. "The happiness of contemplation is really available only from time to time, so says the philosopher." The reference is to Aristotle, Metaphysics, XII, 7, 1072b 25. Kojeve to Strauss, 15 August 1949 Written in German. Strauss to Kojeve, 4 September 1949 Written in German. 1. In English in the text. 2. Karl Jaspers, Vom Ursprung und Ziel der Geschichte, Artemis-Verlag, Zurich, 1949. Kojeve to Strauss, 10 October 1949 Written in German. Strauss to Kojeve, 14 October 1949 Written in German. 1. In English in the text. Kojeve to Strauss, 26 December 1949 Written in German. Strauss to Kojeve, 18 January 1950 Written in German. 1. peri ton megiston te kai kalliston; "about the greatest and the fairest things." Strauss to Kojeve, 24 March 1950 Written in German. Kojeve to Strauss, 9 Apri1 1950 Written in German. Strauss to Kojeve, 26 June 1950 Written in German. 1. "about the principles (as well as about the beginning);" in Greek letters in the text. Strauss to Kojeve, 28 July 1950 Written in German. Strauss to Kojeve 5 August 1950 Written in German. Strauss to Kojeve, 14 September 1950 Written in German. Kojeve to Strauss, 19 September 1950 Written in German. 1. Torquemada (1420-1498), chief of the Spanish Inquisition; F. E. Dzerzhinski (1877-1926) organized the Soviet Secret Police (Cheka, later OGPU, then NKVD, and then KGB) on Lenin's instructions. Both Torquemada and Dzerzhinski were notorious for their inhuman cruelty. 2. The reference appears to be to the paragraph on pp. 188f. above. 3. The letter breaks off at this point; at least one sheet is missing. Strauss to Kojeve, 28 September 1950 Written in German. Strauss to Kojeve, 19 January, 1951 Written in German. 1. Bertrand de Jouvenel (1903-1987), political journalist and author of works in political theory; regarding his career see Zeev Sternhell, Neither Right nor Left, University of California Press, 1986, passim. Strauss to Kojeve, 22 February 1951 Typewritten in English. Strauss to Kojeve, 17 July 1952 Written in German. 1. Persecution and the Art of Writing (The Free Press, 1952), was reviewed by Yvon Belaval under the title "Pour une sociologie de la philosophie," in Critique, October 1953, 68/69: 853-866; Strauss comments on Belaval's review as well as on a review by George H. Sabine in "On a Forgotten Kind of Writing," Chicago Review, 1954, 8: 64-75, reprinted in Independent Journal of Philosophy, 1978, 2: 27-31. 2. A. Kojeve, "Les Romans de la Sagesse," Critique, May 1952, 8: 387-397. Kojeve to Strauss, 11 August, 1952 Written in German. 1. Probably "On Collingwood's Philosophy of History," The Review of Metaphysics (1952), 5:559-586. Kojeve to Strauss, 29 October 1953 Written in German. 1. Presumably Natural Right and History, University of Chicago Press, 1953. 2. King Ahab covets the vineyard of his neighbor Naboth who refuses to give it up to the king because "[t]he Lord forbid it me that I should give the inheritance of my fathers unto thee." I Kings 21: 1-3, cited in epigraph to Natural Right and History. The sequel of the story of Ahab and Naboth bears directly on the point here at issue between Strauss and Kojeve. 3. Massendressur und Volkshygiene. Strauss to Kojeve, 28 April 1954 Typewritten in English., 1. De la tyrannie, par Leo Strauss; traduit de l'anglais par Helene Kern, Precede de Hieron, de Xenophon, et suivi de Tyrannie et Sagesse par Alexandre Kojeve. Les Essays LXIX, Gallimard, Paris, 1954. 2. Karl Lowith (1897-1973), student of Husserl's and Heidegger's, taught at Marburg until 1934, when he was forced out of the University. He spent two years in Rome on a Rockefeller Fellowship, went on to teach at Sendai University in Japan, the Hartford (CT)Seminary, the Graduate Faculty of the New School for Social Research, and in 1952 he accepted a Professorship at Heidelberg University. His extensive writings, primarily on Hegel, Nietzsche and Heidegger, have been collected in a ninevolume Sammtliche Schriften (T. B. Metzler, Stuttgart, 1981-1988). His correspondence with Strauss appears in The Independent Journal of Philosophy, (1983), 4: 107-108; (1988), 5/6: 177-191. The remarkable memoir which he wrote in 1940, Mein Leben in Deutschland vor und nach 1933. Ein Bericht, was discovered and published posthumously (Metzler, 1986). Strauss to Kojeve, 4 June 1956 Dictated in English. 1. Allan Bloom (1930-1992), late Professor, Committee on Social Thought, The University of Chicago; author of The Closing of the American Mind, Simon and Schuster, 1987, Love and Friendship, Simon & Schuster, 1993. 2. Shlomo Pines (Paris 1908-1989), historian of philosophy and of science, Professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem; (Collected Works, 2 vols., The Magnes Press, Jerusalem, 1979). Pines and Strauss collaborated on an edition of Maimonides's Guide of the Perplexed (see the letter of25 January 1963). See also Shlomo Pines, "On Leo Strauss," (translated from the Hebrew by A. L. Motzkin), The Independent Journal of Philosophy (1988), 5/6; 169-171. 3. Prolegomena to any future chutzpa that might present itself as absolute knowledge. Kojeve to Strauss, 8 June 1956 Written in German. 1. Hilail Gildin (1929-), currently Professor of Philosophy, Queens College; founding editor of Interpretation; edited, with an Introduction, An Introduction to Political Philosophy: Ten Essays by Leo Strauss, Wayne State University Press, 1989; author of Rousseau's Social Contract, The Design of the Argument, The University of Chicago Press, 1983. Kojeve to Strauss, 11 April 1957 Written in German; the quotations from Sallustius are in French. 1. "On the Euthyphron," published in Leo Strauss, The Rebirth of Classical Political Rationalism, Thomas Pangle, ed., The University of Chicago Press, 1989, pp. 187-206. 2. Division. 3. By Xenophon; see Strauss "The Spirit of Sparta or the Taste of Xenophon," Social Research (1939); 6: 502-536. 4. The passage in parentheses is a later addition. 5. In English in the text. 6. The Life of the Philosopher Isodorus, restored <translated and elucidated> by Asmus, Leipzig, Meiner, 1911. 7. The last of the normal letter-size sheets, on which this long letter is written, ends here. It may be that the remainder of the letter is lost. However, a loose and otherwise unidentified half-sheet in the folder that holds this correspondence would seem to belong here, and is therefore printed as the conclusion of the present letter. Strauss to Kojeve, 22 April 1957 Typewritten in English. 1. Physis, "nature." Strauss to Kojeve, 28 May 1957 Written in English. Transcribed from a typescript in the Chicago Strauss Archive. 1. opinion 2. moderate, fitting, proper. 3. crossed out; the penciled substitution is illegible. Kojeve to Strauss, 1 July 1957 Written in German. 1. community of the kinds or species 2. community 3. Zeit = voll-endete Geschichte; Wissen = er-innerte [vollendete] Geschichte. 4. god-good 5. Sinn 6. separateness 7. community of the kinds or species 8. community of the ideas 9. kind or species 10. Giessen, 1909. 11. In English in the text. 12. the mean; or: the intermediate 13. by nature 14. for us 15. indeterminate dyad 16. good 17. speech, reason 18. intelligible universe 19. mind 20. or: actuality; Wirklichkeit 21. or: fulfilled; voll-endet 22. indivisible idea 23. division 24. mean 25. community 26. reading: woge<ge>n 27. separation 28. Kojeve cites the French translation by Auguste Dies in Platon, Oeuvres competes, Societe d'edition "Les Belles Lettres," Paris 1925. 29. mean 30. mind 31. indeterminate dyad 32. mind-god 33. wirklich 34. "What is Political Philosophy?", delivered in 1954 and 1955 as the Judah L. Magnes Lectures at the Hebrew University; revised version published as the title essay of What is Political Philosophy? and Other Studies, The Free Press of Glencoe, 1959. 35. The "Note" is a photocopy of a 20-page French typescript with some inked-in corrections, entitled: "Platon-Critique d'Aristote," and inscribed: Amicus Plato ... Kojeve We have not included it in this translation of the correspondence because Kojeve very fully summarized its contents in the Plato interpretation of his letter of 11 April 1957, and in the present letter. A somewhat revised and expanded version of this Note eventually appeared in Kojeve's posthumously published Essai d'une histoire raisonnie de la philosophie pa'ienne, volume II, Platon-Aristote (Paris, 1972), pp. 364-378. Strauss to Kojeve, 11 September 1957 Typewritten in English. 1. beings and becomings Kojeve to Koyre, 24 October 1957 This letter, addressed to Mr. and Mrs. Koyre, ends with Kojeve's request that they send it on to Strauss. It is written in French, but the extensive citations are in English. 1. Nietzsche: Beyond Good and Evil, 208, 241, 254; Genealogy of Morals, 1.8; Ecce Homo, "Why I am a Destiny," sec. 1; Twilight oft he Idols, Morality as Anti-Nature, 3. 2. In English in the text. 3. In Rosan: "...to the Almighty (lit.: the revolution of the whole), ..." 4. Rosan: a 5. Rosan: quick-tempered; nevertheless 6. Rosan: say "That's 7. Rosan: at the higher 8. Rosan: which 9. Rosan: life, for 10. Rosan: Underlined by Kojeve. 11. read: XXXI 12. See Rosan's note 19, page 29. 13. Rosan: goddess 14. Underlined by Kojeve. Kojeve to Strauss, 5 November 1957 Written in German. 1. "Cosmopolitan Man and the Political Community: Othello," The American Political Science Review, 1960, 54:129- 157; reprinted in Allan Bloom with Harry V. Jaffa, Shakespeare's Politics, Basic Books, 1964, pp. 35-74. Kojeve to Strauss, 15 May 1958 Written in German. 1. Probably "How Farabi read Plato's Laws," Melanges Louis Massignon, vol. III, Damascus, 1957; reprinted in What is Political Philosophy? and Other studies, the Free Press, 1959, pp. 134-154. 2. In English in the text. 3. In English in the text. 4. In English in the text. 5. Julien Benda, La trahison des clercs, Paris, Grasset, 1927; translated by R. Aldington as Betrayal of the Intellectuals, Wm. Murrow, NY, 1928. 6. Lives of the Philosophers and of the Sophists. Kojeve to Strauss, 17 February 1959 Written in German. 1. Probably What is Political Philosophy? and Other Studies, The Free Press, Glencoe, IL, 1959. 2. "The Emperor Julian and his Art of Writing" (translated by James H. Nichols, Jr.), in J. Cropsey ed., Ancients and Moderns, Essays in the Tradition of Political Philosophy in Honor of Leo Strauss, Basic Books, Inc., New York, 1964; pp. 95-113. Kojeve to Strauss, 6 April 1961 Written in German. 1. Thoughts on Machiavelli, The Free Press of Glencoe, 1958. 2. Jacob Taubes (Vienna 1923-Berlin 1987), author of Abendlandische Eschatologie (1946), had held Visiting appointments at Harvard and Columbia Universities; in 1961 he became Visiting Professor, and in 1965 Professor of Jewish Studies and Hermeneutics at the Free University of Berlin. He tells of a meeting in Berlin in 1967 between Kojeve and the leaders of the student rebellion, at which Kojeve told "Dutschke & Co." "that the most important thing they could and should do, is ... to study Greek." It was not what they had expected to hear; nor is it what they did. Ad Carl Schmitt. Gegenstrebige Fugung, Merve Verlag (Berlin, 1987), p. 24 (I am indebted for this reference to Professor Lutz Niethammer; see also his Posthistoire: 1st die Geschichte zu Ende? [Rowohlt, Hamburg, 1989, p. 81, n. 21)]. 3. Of Plato's Republic, published by Basic Books, New York, 1968. 4. Stanley Rosen (1929-), currently Borden Parker Bowne Professor of Philosophy, Boston University; author of significant works of Plato, Hegel, and contemporary philosophy; he discusses the debate between Strauss and Kojeve in Hermeneutics as Politics (Oxford University Press, 1987), chapter 3. Strauss to Kojeve, 30 January 1962 Typewritten in English. Strauss to Kojeve, 27 March 1962 Typewritten in English. Kojeve to Strauss, 29 March 1962 Written in German. 1. Jean Wahl (1888-1974), Professor of Philosophy at the Sorbonne, he was among the first to introduce "existentialist" thought to France with such works as Le malheur de la conscience dans la philosophie de Hegel (1929), and Etudes Kirkegaardiennes (1938). The College Philosophique which he organized in the late 1940s provided a lively public forum outside the University for lectures and discussions by an unusually wide variety of distinguished French and foreign speakers. 2. Heinrich Rickert (1863-1936), neo-Kantian of the so-called Baden school, he was the very embodiment of professorial philosophy. He taught at Heidelberg for many years, and Kojeve had studied with him there. Strauss to Kojeve, 29 May 1962 Typewritten in English. 1. "Preface to the English Translation" of Spinoza's Critique of Religion, tr., E. M. Sinclair, Schocken Books, New York, 1965, pp. 1-31; reprinted as "Preface to Spinoza's Critique of Religion," in Liberalism Ancient and Modern, Basic Books, New York, 1968, ch.9, pp. 224-259. Strauss to Kojeve, 4 October 1962 Typewritten in English. Strauss to Kojeve, 16 November 1962 Typewritten in English. Strauss to Kojeve, 25 January 1963 Typewritten in English. 1. The University of Chicago Press, 1963. 2. Co-edited by Joseph Cropsey, Rand McNally & Co., Chicago, 1963. Strauss to Kojeve, 3 June 1965 Written in German. 1. "L'origine chretienne de la science moderne," Melanges Alexandre Koyre, vol. II, pp. 295-306; Paris, 1964. 2. Ronald F. Hathaway, "Pseudo-Dyonisius and the Problem of the Sources in the Periphyseon of John Scotus Errigena," Brandeis University Dissertation. 3. Basic Books, N.Y., 1966. 4. Rand McNally, Chicago, 1964. 5. A Commentary on Plato's Meno, The University of North Carolina Press, 1965.
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