Church Committee Reports at American Buddha Online Library

Site Map

CHURCH COMMITTEE REPORTS

189
HEARINGS EXHIBITS I
EXHIBIT 1
Att.~hlIIent D
:I~.RANJ)U~ !''On: Director of Contral Illtelll~ll.nl,);ol!
fltiDJ5-<.'T Co:atin>i,9UC/, PLAn lor ,''Hoc:ti?1hl of
ij.1~llOdCAl ~','al'!~re J\~\),llt3
1. On:/;j UQVflmber IJijf), Prcs1uent UbOD ord9rcd the'
De-pArtQ.ent oi Doteoae to rCCOC:lIl-en<J ubl\..'!l lor the diupOSlll
of c.dgti~ ntocka of oo.<:teriolo&iCl'l \1;eDpon$. (On 1'1
Fcbru.~1 IntO, be Inclu~od nIl toxin veppous.)
~'. On]:'; In.nuury 1970; the 5pecl1\1 Opf!rflUOElS Oivhlo11
0: ~ort j)ctri~f ~rJland pJ°C'p2\reu 0. raouc~t.r.(j e:~.ent lnveutory.
lfosM ltU1na, r.nd &ut:.llitted it to the !icleuti:tc
D1r~tor. Fort Detr1c~. 1~ls inventqry ~~~ n r~~ulred 1npuL
to r.~,,19t tho C'OltllAndln:.r Ofi1cf')r. Ft. D~trld:; to pr",pflt'e
F c~!,,.cb~1l.91ve pbn tor de.,i,li h.r'l~ntlon on ~;i tc or n 11
bl01o!!leal e~eDt~/ll:un1t1on.vnlcb tiro f.ltoc;.r.plHtd in fH1p~J"t
of oper#tio~l p18n~ •
.:-. lind.r f1.l) (~3bbl1f;h.,d :'I;(rce~~ut \.1 th the ~p.;l.rtl':ent.
tlf th. Jri:l1. the CIA l\as 8 Ihl1t.eu /"ll.U\litity OJ,' hlolo:..;iC:'ll
(·u·nta 11I~d toxips ~ltored ,dld f:nil1t::.1DOd by thlo! ~'O Dl.vhdon
at Ft. DeLrlc~. T~19 ~to~kpile did uot ~~~eRr OD tha inventory
l1;..t. 7be nrceats (lnd toxins t;ro:
1.
2.
s.
4.
'V" 'mOM.
1JIG :;llI915
, CI{\
VQne~uelDn l~uine EAC~pb*1~~~~liti9 virU~
(¢~eep&.11tls) - 20 ~~rnM
Cocc!dlQiJe5 l~~'iG (~~llcl ~~v~r) - ?~ ~ra~H
Drucolla ~U15 (bru~el10A1s) - ~ to ~ ~r~n~
lli·uc~llD ~el!ten8~~ (brucvllosia) - ~ to J
&rn~s \
MycobPct.riua tuberculosis (tuberculoals) _
a r.r:"'llll
•Und.r Ilrlteri. det.rmined by the c.mfllittee. In !!Onlultatlon with thl White BouII. tile IHplrtm,nt
~~'!•.?_~_~f~_peniral In~UI"M! ~n~J. e.rtain mat.ria1e h•." been d.eleted from tho•• doeu190
B. Sa lr"on..11a typhir.luriuDI (food poll.lonlnlt) It')
l~rl1ms'
9. ~al~onella typhimurium (chlorine resistRnt)
(food poisoning) - 3 grnms
10. Vnriola Virus (smnllpox) - Jo ~rnms
'Ioxins:
1. ~tDpuylococcnl Enterotoxin (food poiBonin~) II)
I;rmDs
2. Clostridium botulinum Type A (lethal food
poisoning) - 5 grams
3. Paralytic Shellfish Poison - 5.193 r,raws
4. Bunnnrus Candidis VC!nolll (Krait) (letlJDI snake
venom) - 2 grnms
• 5. Microcystis Aeru~ino5a toxin (intestlnnl flU) -
25 me
9. Toxiferine (paralytic effect) - 100 mg
This st6c~pile cApability plus 5001e re~eArch effort in
delivery systems is funded at S75tOO~per nnnUm.
4. In the event the decision is mnde by the Department
of Defense to dispose of existing stocks of bDcteriologieel
~"''''pons. it 16 possible that the CIA's stockpile, even
though in R&D ~uantlties and unlisted, will be dvstroyed.
5. If the Director wishes to continue this specinl
cllpll"Jilit)', it is recommended thnt if the flbove DOD decision
ie mp.de, the existing agency ~tockpile pt SO Division, Ft.
Detrick be trllnsfOl'red to the Huntingdon Rcscl!rcb CEinter.
,Becton-Die}: lnson -Company, Billtirnore I I,lllryill nd. Jlrl·nngelnents
b:we been mllde for this eonting-eney lind essurllnc:es have been
elven by the potentinl contrllctor to store Ilnd nlllllltllin the
q:('l\cy's stockpile l1.t a cost no Ilreater tlll'n ~75.000 per
IInnum.
(nOM
111(.; }~:~ J975
(~ Iii
Thomas II. ICaramesslnes
Deputy Director for Plans
191
SUllJI::C'l'; Contingencr .:'l<ln Jor :.ito(~!qliln 01
1.l101ol{ic~1 \;lu'.fnrc "ilcnts
TSD: wjc (16 Febru~ry lU70)
Distribution:
Orig - Addressee
J ,- C:1T~:iO
1 - C/'l'SU/CO
Material
LETl-'.AL AGENTS:
Class
EXlUBIT 2
INVENTORY OF LETHAL AND INCAP.~CITATI~G AGENTS
FOUND AT A CIA BUILDING (excerpted
from CIA Inventorv)
Quantity Characteristics Dose
Saxitoxin
( shellfish
toxin)
Lethal 11.405 g;r,< Highly lethal nerve
toxin. Attacks cardiovascular,
respiratory,
nervous, and muscle systems.
Death in seconds.
Cobra venom
French compound
Aconitum
Ferox extract
Lethal 8 mg. Lethal nerve toxin; at- 7 mg.
tacks nervous system.
Lethal 1.83 gr. Highly lethal less than .... .1 mg. ca
l>:l
Lethal 2 gr. Lethal in overdose 20-40 mI.
Aconitine
Nitrate
F-270
Colchicine
Strychnine
Lethal
Lethal
Lethal
Lethal
.5 oz.
I cc
8 gr.
5 gr.
Lethal
Lethal in overdose;
death via muscular
paralysis and respiratory
failure.
Lethal; attacks neuromuscular
system.
7 IIIg.
*10.9Z7 .r. of the total were trasferred from Ft. Detrick to a CIA ~uildin. sometime in
Februarv 1970: the remaindec (approximate Iv .S 2r. had previous Iv heen delivered to the
a. CIA Buildin!:! in ~I'" - fnirt-1Qf.,n'<_
I·laterial
L;;:THIlL AGENTS:
Cy==.nide Lpills
Quantity
10 pil s
8 oil s
18 piJ. s
Characteristics
Lethal. Blocks
Oxygen Absorption
(asph;'xiation)
1 pill
FISiJ ""OXIN
30/06 rnicromissle
cartridges
(containing
dog
t:-c.nquilizer)
E-4640
Lethal
Lethal
Incap.
Incap.
Lethal
3 cc.
38
10 oval
capsules
Hif;hlv "oxic
Incapacitate
dogs for 4-6 hours.
Lethal in man
Dog incapacitant
Lethal in man
less than 1 mg.
100-300 mg
(de;;)
(same doses lethal
in l:\a!1)
~-l dart Irlcap.
12.u~cher Y!ith
;:-.:ssle~
(~~~tai~ing E- L~thal
46~O)
4 pistols
-2 dart launchers
-1 .22 cal: with
dart firing attachment
-~ ~i~rC'!"'".is::le
lOt 3".,;/
dart)
range
range
DoS incapacitant
Le:hal in ;,nan
• INVENTORY (con t t.)
i'li, terial Class Quantity Characteristi.cs Dose
INCAPACITA;!TS:
az Inc ap . 10 lts. Inca;13citant \·/hich
Letnal can also be lethal
Bloc:':s nerve responses.
in central and 2.~to!1orr.ic
nervous systems
Cal'bachol Incap. 1 kg. Causes flushing, colic, .25 mE
diarrhea, salivation,
nausea
EA 3167 Incap. 200 mg. Similar to B<: onset
Lethal of effec ts longer and
effects last longer. .....
<:0
~
EA 3442 Incap. 6 gr. similar to BZ effects
last shorter time
SAL"lOiiELLA Ir.~ap. 50 mg Intestinal inflammat:ion
a) S. enter1- Lethal and dysentery micrograms
ditis
b) abortus Incap.
Lethal 46 rr.g. Causes abortio!1 in animals
TACRIN Incap. 123 gr. Causes nausea and -"emi ting
HALOTHANE Incap. 19 bottles @
125 cc each Anesthetic with less odor
'. r:~ ~.:-, "-.~ :--;-.-. than etheror chloroform
ENI::NTOIW (con' t.)
I1aterlal Class Quantity Characteristics Dose
1-1ephenesin Incap. 4 oz. Muscle relaxant
2-4 pyrolo Incap. 10 gr. Causes temporary
amnesia
Hyoscine Incap. Blocks autonmic
nervous system reactions
~
1'1- 2 46 Ince.p. 15 gr. Produces paralysis
.... co
Desmethoxy 01
Resperpine Incap. 100 tablets Lowers blood pressure
1 mg/tablet Overdose causes severe .25-.5 mg
mental depression
S-241 Incap. 1 gr. BZ-like action
Ovabin Incap. 11 gr. Cardiac stimulant .3-.5 mg
even more potent than
Digitoxin--faster
onset, shorter duration
IV only
S-3 41 Incap. 1 gr. 5Z-like only mere effective
INVENTORY (con't.)
r·laterial
9Z HCl
Class
Incap.
LHhal
Quantity
20 gr.
Characteristics
Same as BZ--nater
soluble form
Dose
COGENTIN
ERGOTRATE
j,jALCATE
Incap.
Incap.
26 tablets
@ 2mg. each
10 gr.
wide range of debilitative,.5-.6 mg
physiological effects
Oxytoxic. Used in
Obstetrics to proDote
uterine contractions
COLCHICINE Incap.
Lethal 8 gr. Incapacitant. Overdoes
leads to death via paralysis
and respiratory
failre
1 mg.
lethal dose-7 mg
DIGITOXIN Incap.
CINCHONINE Incap.
DEHYDROACETIC
ACID :ncap.
5 gr.
2 gr.
1 gr.
Heart stimulant. Overdose 1.2-1.5 mg
can result in death
Antimalarial. Overdose
leads to severe cardiac
convulsions, nausea, and
vomiting
Impairs kidney function
and causes vomiting
and convulsions
INVENTORY (con't.)
MateriaJ. Class Quantity Characteristics Dose
S 340 Incap. 1 gr. BZ-like - Phencyclidine 10 rJ:J Incap. gr. Causes disorienta- --t
HCL Lethal tion. High dosage
leads to convulsions
and death
':.
Tetrol Incap. 50 mg narcotic
Neurokinin Incap. 50 ml Produces severe pain
198
EXHIBIT 3
rl\l:!IISTTC f.l11:V,\'lW 1'01!'l"'( •
\jOilj~lll:; rlilrD l:IVI:~TlGJ\nO:IS
Seec U172C3, RD~m 202
1I,$,r,lL~i" 'i,,{~ Celller, Cillclllnllti. Ohio, product (16 {ollol;s:
\' 1n 1 1 · ::1,7 I'" TO'£P,LS Ild~cu ;
VJ r.l 'I , \(,5 l'.r1
\'1.1\ ;, · ? \1) : 11\ :L2~")
Vil\1 I, •? .~ ~J '.111 I. 5:'"
\,L)L :1 .277 r','1 I.UD
\' j JJ 1 I, • J '}l) I ;1~ I ,I('l
\' jill 7 , 2~'1 [rlJ -r,-iJii,j ellla
Vi~1 ,. .2UI =~=~
u p.l
V1..' ~ ~ , 1<; (. I ~I"
Vial \/.1 _. __·:L"? ..J~t~
l(I'L\L :'.• I.:IV t,I;,J
(,!l(JUI' 2 - 1).)1' 10
vr:.l 1
"I,,1l ~
";nl 3
Vinl I.
"itl i :>
Vl"l CJ
\' 1n 1 I
\'lo\ :l
1'lI1.\L
I ~(''l {',I:'
• t'):1 E';\ .....
• 'lJ,1 ;:10'
.1 (,3 r/,'
.71) \.''''
.1' )_t, !~Irl
,lu;O p"
.In "I'
-1~:~'~~'E:;~;9
\' 1" 1, 1 ,1 /,'.1 I,',T:\
Yin) 2 .IM. /',10
Vi" I '\ ,'IJ~ t"
Vtl\ 1 t, ,710 I.:,h\
Vic 1 ~ ___ ~/~~..J~'!.
l'Ol'i\!. l.V)J I;IM
"ROUl' I. - LOr 9
Vi~ i 1 .16 i un
199
III Fcuru:lry 1970
PMv\LYTIC f,l[ELlJ'ISll POISOH IWllKIl~
G FUND I1lV~STIGAnOUS
Safe lH nC3. ROOlIl 202
llorthrllGt ShdlClsh SlIultnt10n Center, U.S.l'.n.S., Narrar,ansett, R. 1.,
rtoduct a~ follows:
Dntch VIla
Il.:Hch VIII
r..1tch lX
Dotch Y: u Xl
Illltch h'! SUPi' l\~l\l:l\t
nntch II
tatctl V &. VlllJ
lIatch VT.
Botch XII
'lX1IAl.
0./,90 r,
0:530 g
0.554 C
1.23G !:
0,252 B
0,710 fl
0.678 G
0,557 r:
..Q.:..~?'L~
5.!127 (;
. 190 mg of liqu1d mLltcl'llll flirn1&hC'd by Hork1ng Funds (probbuly EdCllWCO()
product). Sec Notebook CD4408, paG~ 14tl.
TOXlfERum DI<.:llLOlUVE
"-.,,"
200.3 lll~
200
EXHIBIT 4
M ~~_·_. ~ __ ~~ •• • ~._·_.~ __ ·_·_·~·__ -_••••••••• -- •••
, .
Soon <'.1lcr to.!<,il~ oW,cc I directed a comp.·ohCI1D!VC study of our chcmlcrJ ~I,d
bioloZ1c~:.J. clcfcl1::;'¢ policictl t.1\d pr0(.1rarn:), The~'c I1nd bucn no such rev'lor, in
-:-::..'~:- .!i.f!.·:~!~ ~.~~~~. .b.!. ~ :~r;~H. ohjccHvC::J :\nd folicicti in th.i6 field were .
~ll·.::l~~:.· ~1!d,pro.zr;U"~·.I~ .!i;'.cltecl cl~!in.'r..iou n.oti clj)'cc~ont
Under the L.u.:;picc~ of th~ Nu.Ho:1Cl S:CU1"itr CO\.IT:.cH, the TJcpnl.·tr,1c:";l:i or ::;~;t.tc
;:nu Dcic~c:c, tilO A.cn1S Control ~nt1 D.i:sarm~r,"l~nt /~r:Cllci" tbe O!!.icc of S::icn;
and'Iccll:\oloeY, thz I.:~talngQl\cO COi':t11'n\\l1itr ,~n=t ethel' ~::~l1cics wOl'l,:cu cl"Gcl
tOGctbCl- ori thS.:J ~~t-c.1}' fQr- OVC:" Gl;; r.iolith:. Tl~::i:~ So\'c::~rncnt C!;Ol'tS W"i:C
:>1dod by con~.·ibu:ion. from tho Ddentiuc C"ornmmity tIJi'O"Ch ~ho P,'e.iuqr:l'c
Sci('ntHic A(~vi;;;ory Co:-.,,'ui:tce.
Tbic Sll\UY bno r.ow been completed ~nd it:; {iil,ri"~J c!>l'ei\lllj"co,,~~dcrcd b',o tb'
Ni"\tionu S,::cul'ity Cou:-.cil. I fl'...DJ now locporti~c"tl;':: c;ocisio%1!l t::J::-n on th~ bat.!
o{ thIs r<.\vi.cw.
" .Aa to oUr cl:l<::n·.ic.~\ w,ar!a.loD pIoUr~ln. tllo Uu~t¢u Dt"to:a
I\I~" ~'·\(Ir·' '
, I'/r- Rca(ur:ns its On"'1;C~{'~t~rJ X'cn·;.lc.L::.tion of l~le (il"st \lDO
, or lctr.cl ch:miccl \·.·cr.~)Oiln•.
'." .J W~
DOO - .. E"...;tco·.ls t:li~ ,),·cnuncii:.tion to the !irst u:o of inC:fp:.c:.ttiltin:,
chemiccl&.
CCl'n5<.'n;".r.t '.I::U~ ~·~~,~:.:c ccci:iN\3 , lhe .l.C!=-.li.:i.l.";:'r~~~i::'\,-:ill I~Ul.,:-",it to t;~(" ~r:r~._~r:.
lorH:. ",(i','lce ..:,.;1 CO:1:'(':·,';. to) r;~~:iic~~I.:'o;:" Th: G~:~::\";:. Fl.·.::~o:.:·l ('1 1':":~5 w~:ici,
~~;:!;~;':!{~;~{:{:~\:'::!';: ;~:,;:2:;rg:;m~~i~~~:"!~~l~{<fi:~:,g'I;1~~.'
AUachllh.'l\t 1
201
lHCll',)~:ical ,·.'C\.·.n(,.ll~-:; h:·.vc 1T1;"~nivCf \ •.'n'~J·~(~~,ct.; ..C:lc n,ntl potC:lt!.;:.l1~' lmcon:r,,\l ...u1c
COn:H~q\H~aC(;:;. ':nlC)" r,in}' l'l""dUCC L:l:J~~i:J (;pj,~C.~l'CS nncl in1p;'..\1" the hCi1.lth c,
£utu~:o CC1~C~:~~tion:;. 1 h..~\,c tlH;).°c{l;lrc dc..:cicJc.c1 th:-.~: . I
_. 'j'bo U.!:. :;hnlll'cn:>l.iJl.':c '(,1l~ \lC:: of IcU,cl b.iolo~.tc'll f.J~c.:lltG
nnu. Wt;".p01\!:, and ~llll~hol' u·,clhO~D or biohli,;j(,:i:J "I:~:di\rct
The U. s. will·cOl1.nUI3" its bio]o~icw. reDeal"eh to dr-!andvc
mca~\l;:CQ Gu-eh en imrn\.\nizt"~t.io"and D~!ct~· 1"nCCGU1'CC •
... The nOD hua boon. t\ol,o'l to r.,~hc rcco:-"rncncl;\tion3 ~.S to
tho dic:por.r.l of c>d.titin:: ctod;:; or bnctcrlolo[:iCZJ. wcr.pon:;.
In the spil"it or thc~e c1cci:iion~, the United St~\tcc ansoci?.tr:o itGcH with the
prlncil')l~s n.nd Clbj;;:c:tivcs of t!le U~·:.:tcc1 I(ir:,3c.:o;",(J D~,~t Con"..cnt.\o.n \',hich would
ban the 'ute o! B~olo~ic~l rn':'thClc1n of w~r!i',rc. ,~~c will eccJ~. however, t~' .
clal'i~y sp~d.fic 'l"lI'o....i::,.io'U9 o~ the d~~n to aS~1.)TO t}:.::.t DC.C.'::CC;:'l'}r L>t..<ez,\~:::,l'cl.!i
1n"0 iuclu,1e:d.
N'eithc1" our a!:i~t'cill.tionwith the C()n1,'c:~Hon n01" lh::= lim!Hn~ of our prClCT.i'.··,11 to
rcsci:lrch \dlllcavC! us ~~e~ubl~ to surp:dtio by iU'l cU~j,n)' w!::l.o do,::.:» n.ot ob3cr
these rationall·e5tr~i.nt8. OuT. int.clli:.;t:l1cl: comT.t,lunit), will co~tin\\c to -w~tch
caref'Jllr Lho na.ture and c;.ttcnt of the biolol}ical pl·o3rclln~ of Ctl':Cl·3.
:rhese important <!cci~i~ns, which have b~cn <lnnouncctl toti~y, baye b~~n t:.!(C~
as .an initiative tow~l"d'pc3.ca. .M·o.uldnc! LU.':"::'~cl)' ciJ,rric~ ill it~ ~wn h:'.nds too I
l-nany o! the. !leads of its own dctt:'J,ctio~\. Dy the eX\?~'..\l)les \':c ~et:. tOd4y, we
hope to c~ntri1~\'1.tc to nn ah11o",phcx(} or re.:~cc ~.nd lli,cl~l"~Lal~(,!iH: b~tw:.:c)). n.v.tio::
and anlon:; h'lcn.
~ECEWFI) ~ROM
~t:." ;j 19I5
DOD:
202
EXHIBIT 5
(ll!j,:<.: (,.[ PI',: Whit.:' l;(".l~'~ 1'1'(::,;; ~:(:(:l·(·(:al·}'
(,.~(:y lH:.(.;;:j·n~·. F]'J~'i\'~",)
On l\'l)VCT!1hc!' 7.5, lCJG?, th~ P-r(;~.dcJ(;nt "((;nour~ccd rlU (1{(CH~l\'~ p.·C'p:,.r~.tiofis
(Ol" n.ne! ::n)" ll:.;(; by the Uni.t( li StC'.tC':!: of bio~.r.:.·[;ir.:.:l 0:'- h<'.ct:f:)·il'lll:,[;ic::-J i"~)<.:Jl:.:-;
<'.nc1 WC';::'IJO~J!; i ', \':~Il", ~in.cc tlt:\t cic:ci~;b~l, ~·t the: dil'c(:Holl tlf Ole.: P:rCr.lcl\.·I\l., a
cornUl"c:-',:n:ii'''c: ·.:(:vi(~\\' of United [.l<..:lr,;:; pulicy and nlilit~ry IHtl~"·Lr&'I~; C:OtlCc.:l.·:n.:ll~~
toxin~ h ..·.s bC'c;i1 in pnJ;:rc;:;:;.
Toxills "I.re cbcn)jcal !H\~Hlal'!.ccs, not liviHg ol'I;";H~ir.nH:, end ~ru S(J r~C:I.n:rci
by liJc~ U. N • .scC'.l"ctnl''>' G(~r;('rill and the '\:orld hcal~;l O:q:i:ln~:··.~~tioll. J~lthl·i.·,gh
the c!f;::-ct~ of t;O~'JIC to,,;·:iJ:r '\i'e c-oTn"nlo~;\}· tierc~:ibcd iH~ (F!;~:~:r-~, they ('Ire.: ..,ot
crtpi'..Lh.: of rCI'l'oth\cing thc::n)${~lycs i\ilcl an: not h·;:·.. H::;lni~si1;l~ £:rorn (J:1C FIf.:rt;Ol\
to alloU)cr.
EowC'-vcl', the pl"cvJucllc;'!: o~ t()Xin3 in (lny signEicC'lnt q'.'i\nlity ,,':c,I'dtl rC':;.l. i:,(:
facilit;.\~!:: !iirniL'l' to thor.~ Ilc('!ded for the pJ'cciucticu of bioloGic;,l cl.r,CHt:;, J{
the United ~;l:'~.h;~: cantii.l\lcd '.0 oper~·.t(.~ Licch !;,ciliU(:!" it ;;ol,lt: b~ c:i:fic\ll for
Otll~Ts to know ,,:hc-tncr lhey ~'crc b.::i4:~: used \0 pr(1":I~CC oat")' t"'::~:'" b\.-.t I"lc...i:
bioloZiC:4\l c:.~cn1[,. MOT(:OV(;l', thOC~)l toxin:; of tht' type..; \i~,-:!ul for ... lilit;;\r
p\J.rpot.'('~ c-o'..,ld c...<,,':\C"(·i\·.;lJ~,}' we pl,"o.:h.!c{'d by chc·rnic.:ll ~'l\yLhC'~is in the htt .... rc..· j
the Cl~~: productr "":ouhl be Hie S;.:',lnc ~nc1 their (;IIcct~ \':o\l!d we it:distin~\~i~l:.~blc
{roln t('l~·:iltt- Pll,.)·:~\.""('"('d by 11:·.cl(,1"i.c.11o~k".1 or Otll C! 1", biolo~ic~l Pl'CoC:l·!:;C(~r.,
ACC{ll'\liH[))", tIlt: PJ'I.:C i~lJ..·nt b.·.~ ~ccidC':1 th~t;
The Unite.:i ~t;·.t(;!i rCl~C'l\'i\CC.·5 o~r('nr.i\·(' PJ"cpl\l'.~tion!i !01"
1'Ild the \1r.C oC toxins "$ a method "C w"d"rc;
JJ U
'." " The United n:.tC$ will cb~Hnc It,; ml!.ila.'y p ..OrranH
for t(1~-:i:H'1 v;hl",thcr proc.!UCt·d by L;\~:h~riolf,,'~;ic:tl or ~.nr
o:hcr Li('\ln~:ic;,.l I':h:tho::! or h)" clh'lH1<:.:l !:)·r.t!h~si:;, to
r{'.I,;(·~:rch f,,]" cl":{\':I:d\,\: jI~~'l'("I;~('~ oal)'1 H\(h- ;\~ t"
in~pr(J·"l,.; L·l.:":l:~:\.i\l":~ (.l( i;~;::;uni;o.."qj{,:, '\1~d rl\('clk~,l ti:C'l·i'.py.
Till' l'n'~';l:\'::t !.d:; f"J"tl~."'J" l!~!"\"I.·:C-"l I; .•' ('v:,tnJ':'lir':l (·r ,.. I] (::d~::i!:~: f('l:'\iu \\"1.';,,''';:$
:'.Ild <.d. \1 l-·.;' :i: ~tf,"I~ '.~ ,,[ tl< :I\~. \.~~:{,!I ... r~' :ll.,t l""'llJir,'c~ Iv:'., l'C.':;\':~n·h
p r\\: 1". 1'1 f., t' ,: \ r ';. ~ ,,", ,:: I' ":. l \:, l)'.
Att.achr\h'l1l Z
203
'i'j,,, ll,:'·'d :'.!;:!,':: \.'ill ...." 110:' n<;t,cI tIl t'i'·,'·::'.!'· ;:Ii f;.( ("d." r;'p::1. 1 " ta
1)J:llt~ljf'j~::.' l'l',.:i; 'j ,itll.'.!.' 11:;,:t(:\·ir:')<'ri';.:;.'1-~i·(),-lJ;"io j';':~"}r iJ~ );'.:,::c.~ (:\'~;"'l'~j'~i\:; i.ri,d
t!1·~r(·rll~·I.'" i.• ];-;".I (:i~ ... :;i"J(~ (If p'f()(:l.:,.~~n~·': l..il.\l(l,~;c;l) ~"'E(·i'~::.
Thef.:(~ t1\,;ci~;iv;:'; J.:··y{~ ht·en ~;d::(:JJ·\./j~h f".IU u .. ,:·,~j'_l"'~·lcc""·tl.;.'t tJI(~' i!rC' L.' ;',c·c(';)'(}
wit~1 tl,c (1~'(:1'~11 1.('C\\.·It~· )"c.:cpd)"l"!nu.':It'f: 1,1.' C1(' 11l,it,;d !.;~::l'.:.':r 'fht'rl~ (l,;.;ci":'.<~f,
pl~j~" \lnd'-:rJin\': t:",C tI;lite:] f;t~ll\:r. !:'-'P~)'ll't f.Jl' t;"., p:d~ ...-:.i~)l(·~; <:I:'~ p}J.;\ Ct:,.'(;!: or tl'~('
Uldtt;rl :~b:~~d""lr,, Ih",dt Ct:llv~HtL.\!l fo'r t;.t: Pl°()~.J.-i_(i(J!1 <J! nic~.()t~i::rll j\;,:·thG~::" (If
V; a~· :,,1';':.
The UJd~(.cl f~\':·.1(:~: hOi'C:!: tb::-\.t ()~h~:l' n~:ti(J.' • .s \",111 [,,)lo',': C'i.1j· (::":.""l1"1~_"'Il~ ...,'i.~!l l'l'~ lj~l:t
to l.'<)~h ui(llo~ic,J "lid to;dn ~"L:i:lPC)!\s.
The 1·C1HH"Ici\:ttio:.l of toxJn we;tpons is i'.1Iother !dLni[ic;.lnt etc;), which \"wOe :l.n:
willi,,£; te, hlJ~C \uli]atCl'c.~l1YI to bloincr i\b(")ut n:nl1[. cO~lt:t:(Jl i\nd to inc.::rcar·c tl:~
Pl'O~p::ctD t'[\lc:ace-.
204
ExmBIT 6
Jl:.\" ~~ L~~~'~'~7I~:~i~~_~:~ ~~wt~o~~~~~!~}.~~}~~~~~:~~,~:~~~t~:~:"::~~~l~~c~~:~.;',.:~;~f ;;'•. ~:;~~o·(
i..~) ),.~·,;:~r ~1J1Y :\d hl"ll~ :lnYtlst;lr·~'i,;lonlJ ".'··l:!.'::~l L·.~-:,.::!:.t:l·;~;\Y.;>l (!~~·~,,·rditl.'.\·~:';
l:':~:"lJl\:J. 'i'.l1C';O ".J1~lc1~\\..ell.. Ct\p'ple"~~":"lt."·J.l r.I()lltcu lk~r!J ::ao"u~xJ ~tn
F:{ J:}(.I) :II~~ t)lO,CGO in liT 1~6"{. 1:u.:i1c ,,'.m\I,l.';i,l uJ.l('lWI~wul; ~'~lt" l"X .lJ\..~
13 .~i·1~7/[;JO.
a. '7'..) )l'.eo...,:t~i..~ £or a. CO'/t:l:"t n\J.!r~ut·t in:,,;.;o tc.> l'",IJIJ'l:. c~L\!:\h:at;.'.nv
o2Jl...! 1':!'liol La1 J....~ (luir":l~ r'\tn •
b. '!.a rrto.;:~plM r;~1v·'.!roly lncftp.\cl t.jI.t:~l1ti \.-'i:U J...: t: ..~J. 1,L~\1I;,:r ll.ll.::i
for the r;'p\~cl.ric \.~:J.~ of ':'('SD.
c. To 1;:.:.ui'ri:..l.'ll1 :tn o:peratloo;\l J.·:.~:;.J.li~~a;·1 :;',r,;·";CJ.~J.l ~·:r.~~ 'UJliCiU::
1~~C:i:.i J.~or ·t.il'~ ,1l1J~H:(~.lnntiQQ 01' hlo10~1cal ':.n.u ~t..:l,,;.{;~.l ls~t~(' lu.L"
d. 'I'C) 1'l"OY:l(1~4 fcr tbe .~cqu:lJ:'~t\ r;\u....,e1Ll,'j,r.c~, ~;;::.it;£.nG, \i!,.'j:"ld1ng,
(:.:-:.cL cv.,uu,-,ti<m 01' :.~i.';;.r:!l.'"'i.~u..a mUl ~I.'.:.~F. In cn'~~z" :~(J '·I~:';':".~U nl;.';·':l:C'~ of
c.~1\:L: (.n (~:'1.'1 c.:r:-J:'lJ,l:.:'1;t: In:e<Uct.ablllty oi" r:;;au.1.tu t-~ bf;' r..~;.~;~c1~';."1.l \lIl,~.:.:r
ok-~;.:ra~J.o'I~:-\.l. CCludlt.1cl'lrJ.
".; ,;1:~'~~~I;~ ~~[~~¥-~~:~~~~lj~~. c·~(l!tI1¥~ll:'~: ~~"{!f ~1~~o~~~~ ~~~~~ll.~~.~l~\:~;~~~~l ~~\~"ddng
lt~·/:,~l':)rlil~n~.:J, :,.l<.\~.l~~itioilil O;:1.cl CDju·lOollt~.~s :;t1j'-;~"l.blQ to ,.i':·~·~ 01.:-: :...nt!::l-
1._tl.-~.~ J·.!,pllJ.··..!.II·.:nt3. 1: $.l1.\d D Llctivit.,·' ]-w.J 1:~en .,!·';;'''.l~':(:'':ll flr;.:.~Jt;ic.::.u.lJ
~'.:l..l ;.:; r.\.u'ren~ly hcl:..\ c.t UJl al)~ol\ltt:J lm:,.lc :;H~?:...ol"'t ~I~"I~!J... '1':-:'..1 :.:.ro:'T"rUtA
lu oth~':'lt~\\ to l~llu~.t'm-"llcc of u. IJt..."\i~t) u£ o.!:;\~r!,ticnul ),::~tt.d!n:!I;;J oi'
:':l.~l...;:.: i:.:-~tl i:\..,t..t:rLlls LUxl r:lC(UJ!J for theJ.r rlullV;!r'J. '.rh·,: C\.I:,·..:n t;. ~':COI!':S'"
C~G J.'u.'1d~c.l jJrov1Ll~8 u ruDtHvol: or zo..Met\:,clJ tlDJ. tWVf!lGlp~cn'~ CCf:~p--.!WlJcy'
205
i~l: •...: ~l·.Jlohlc.i,l ~'.;:~d. :"'.:!l.:itel!. :~c.t "..:1:Ccd in ~L ;::~~l.:',I.aJ_ t..,>;;el':i.:..;:" 1::'I·,;....·#~.~_
" . .':,::, ~.\IU;.~~ ';':0 th.. ~:'::i::ua or 'the Cl:lnd~u.tl:l'! :~Cl·l'I..;:'.!·J. r. :l"-'d.;;'~ ()~.
.... ;.~:.··:.o,.:.!l:1 l.L~\.i t.:!.} A.~I':f lunu~ TI:.l.l.bl>l:.: to :1. ':;J .1,;":- r.1)·':''',r~.·:::t, ::0 ;,,}i"/:!.~;lcn
~": \~~~.~ i~~::~~;;r :·~~:~'J~;~)~~d;~~:'~r"~; ;;l~:~;,~~~~l;..;~:t::; ~l.~'t~::l ;~. ~r,.:~~' "jt~,: c,:.~_~:~~:':~fl.r~;~;
:": ',h:::.·. O~· C(')\1.':"':;t!, ur..ct: cJ.la:::f~:;Jed" :"l:l;.:h C"~· ,:,':': i-.. :~ll'::': i',j r.~)1; ,;,.'a.» ~-~I
1":' .\:i.~."':·:hl1~d.
J~. I'.\ J:'\./( :;i:: (6) 1:':i.i:t:tc ll;.'.'/ :",·;·~o~:} ,.;.~.:.,,~ .~~~::.,::~~,~._~.. ·,L. ',;':'::\''';
I 0:U'':J .,:(~.t'9 :!.~3~.'J~~d ::"ur V1aullJ.t;1 t'JIJ ~C'.;{icil~J ;.~';t :::.:}~.. _-=..:,1 ';ii.'~~l'·""· :_i:'
~. L~:1.a.l ~.I;l~n ::~q\!..L:;"'ecl. Honc= or t..i.,::~;~) !:".:I.!-.::t"L.lLJ ...::.:; .'. ''''.t.L·~;..l.l~ F.".·~_";'
::~~:.~u;~~~r r~~~~~~:/'~~~~n~~; ~~1.~r~;~;~~:t·:!~ ti1;":lc:~,';1~~i;\~',i ~~~~;:~~r(,~)
~~~~~~ l:~~~l~:l-~.~~~ ::~J~U~,.;~~~~~~l:-~J~;~l~~n~~ ~:~\~;.~~ \';'~o:~~~ ~::. :j ,.:_.~.~.:(:.•:.{ !.:~~\:+,.~!.
tj_~':.~·:;...ll:J;-( fer ~_\:I:rov~(\ c.t"lJ,billtJ :'ll'\d rW.:!..ir;·.:,~cn~() :.'J~i;,~"'rl....H..i. .;,;:.i L\ 1··.•1.1:::-\:":
1.
~'~Cd::l~~~~,:~~;!~:~ri~~~~~~~A~~~:~~~~~i~~:~.;~!.:~~~~;:~::~,;:~~'~E~~:~(~
'iit."t ~';:.'l )..::t.'1al .:l..-.J. 1r.ct.!.~tJ.clt.g,tin~ 1~:J.t~rl~oJ.:J. ~l·il;~~;·.! :;~";;~':::':'.,,; ~'.:..L':!
t.':!.J~!c1 !..'art()l.1c:~~U:r to 3.I.Jurt! r(!1l.~lb1~tr.y ~~;d .~':''':! 1....,:;'.1 ~.L:.!.'v "\'.r'J~.i J.J :.!~l
to :"~cer~"\ln tr..::lr rtrtttct!Yeni!~3 a'f:d ou.lt.":,·biJ..l~:, 01' lC...·,U.:lI:?, .~:'l.(~ ccat:.:blg
!:·.::c.."'Cl,!~'.;~\:a. /';-'lonif, tho L"-"3-ny d::l.l·/t~r~' 3:1S1;.Ui:l:J, b:lJ. lil ~:-,:,··U~t=:oi:J at.
l"::·~!l~!1·t Clf.'e :;il.'~.ut ~~ctr1cal l.aw1ch...=·,:;" tV~c;":.O;tl.,::·.'.l J·....\.~!;~l';.:l'~:," ).~;I':·~:.i
::~'1::~ :t!)~\l!l:l, ~.n~o the 1."'.1nehC1'3,. <~I;jllun.t·i;:ton t::'''I;",;:,:·:\};.~.-:J1:;; ~·O:..V:'~: ·..·hl~:l
~ {~c .I.:lto ca:-b1r:e:J f.ll:J. rll'h!:~, n:'iJ. o.ntil.:~'!J.·) c.ll-.;;,;,:.'"ti;;.·lclc..t1 ::J.L._i.
V:"...:-tOU9 conrll.;ur~tion" are t'\:1011 uper'Jd~d -ll.n :mr t: rd :', l~rL)l.lt:~ I;. :b:~~!'oVt~n:
nt. V.l·o.s~u.
(.. l\ nor:J.i:;et:::ru1bli! mlcroolo1:1~;ul:J.t.ln: }l~J':::i ~~.;t.~il ,;~,~.·.!.~.l.~.~.,:·.l
c:;~~!ci:u.l:t for v.ae b;, the Cl3.:,dedti:ul S~l"I:!.I;C;; {"'IlL!. ~:''':; r.'-;.~n· ...1::!~.:COl:'; t:-:".:t.'I!d
ra~~ceu~l,\(Uy. lJ."he dlsoer.Unst.:t:l,'1 d.l'.:v:tce 13 :.~';:c'.lr.:d·,f~ l.'.l~ ra!~: /~H Uj) to
250 '"'J.,t rM,<l h....; t\ verJ 1.0" Go\um l.uv..l, A Y'~.·Y ,,:,",}.l "":"C!.'Xl
(.(J:!.; inch dia;:.eter) carrying Q. .) L.1{Jj:O:l lo,Ioll .'l.:'~~ ca!,,';~:'ll..: l.lf ~;.~ In.~ U~1"JU
in n .t~o:t::ie-fl"-)i! d.!.:Jr.Jl!~<?tor h::LJ l;ee:''l c.!.c"J'!l~:r.:·!,l. W·.l·lJI.·~Ai~:-J h:;v/l~
!':'&-:lv"!n '~t9 i"cH.~lbi11ty ancl pr:·]{~ticalit:1 !'or l.lJJ .:•. t~ r·~'~'l':':;i "~I to) ~O l'(~~t.
F\i.r&.w'ler 11fl}JrOVetuent.u Oluat 'be Q..'irrlofl out i;.':.i.·or~ \I':: ~/t:L:!~ ;1.\'1·~ l.~ rt:":'Uyto-~
FQ sJ'attal •
•/. ,!·1U"~-.! I:·.,~i;hoci.a MU D;lutA:H1B l\>r \:i.',r:z:'ylnv DIlt; 1\ l~':Ir..:::t;. :J.:~i;.:.\C~-;:
l'.;-;...U.mst. c:ropG Nld ctlu31ng oev~rtJ crop lo.;~ h..'\vu l:e~Jl <.i..':VC!().l,:·;...l ,:l;~d
/'CVIU.!C'lWl\ und.!l" field COnU1t101\3. '.l·itl~ ~I,'''l :.00'::"'}111:1"',,1 :I.n ::.n:,l.::lp.\
t.1CII or n rerlulr41r.t!nt \lhlch lAter llt!~·~lo1~f.!U lJut "I.':l~ ~uh~~l.!n.l.~,!n~ly
!~I' '':'f) FROMi Jus~ prior to l'utt1ns ln~o nct.ion.
~EP 4 1m '
CIA
206
.'
(: .. ~~:l '1.:~t.icl"~:L~:loa (;)1." :), :~'ut\:r~ n;;~.,;.:(..'. :.;\,.t..:r:t"l.rOA::r-!.1.t~.~;\ ~.·'~(t I:\')
'_ ',< ~,d:.).!.L;h ". c:'..:o.·i(11li cy, ~J, II tuuy ()Il t.O<: \rul.-:.,;:\~1~ ~:, o!: ;;'(~':""'.J
,'~=,,',3~:':U$ ~;) l,,:!}'I'::"t ~~~t'4C:<' .~d cl~~I~:d.:J:~;"il~:Ji1·i;, of a 1::!C.:i.:~o.l t:.l ':'·:~J.·_-:-:I :..)q~ G\.~ch
:~~,) ~I.i~~.,:'ll;:' \./iJa L.:t11'd.l':'Ct~\"l. ~i'r..i:: ;.lul~:..~.l')lll-+:'J I)i ;~::~ n~:r_\i::::~'l ~.:.l.:.l .:l'i'~~riS~H\
c.J~t ,.:'/·~:...:.:...\.;:.t:d l::C)·"~l.··;<ly, 1.1;',11i~i::l::~ ·i.;.~~e ·l:C...·' 'Z')::a~t C1~~r '.;"·w·..I;'·,'i-j ~'..; ';~':a
t::L".l. \;<...j,,::l. ~.:-1;j.1J.l·,;,~ ~l1.".)\r..~c~\ l:ll·c:t~~.c:, ..~i,,~n c"n ~~:!.T~~l·:!.I~ul~L:J~~ .,....i.:1 Cr:ll"
c\:::.:~l~:..L~:'w!. ::J.1..;:'~ v1 c','". >J.:l.!. J,rr!3 '~lhlch :'.::~ 01) t.~\..Ll~·:d. l~.>~: "~.!rt.~'!. J..:-:'..i·J:\.:~.:u :l,.
l~::.\,C1.;;t I:;':; ·',.i·3 ..~ ..;~~l.;.L::': ·:·,h.~ t:"l':''":'~P''!:. oi"l J;:"\l·:.:c·~:tOr.l t~) 'j,U"~,',I;J,;'1 r;)';"~'~l:' . ..:':~,\. ~l':Je
(j·;:'l~t.ly ~}l":'Yl":"~(l L'• t:'1~';:"i;, 1';\t..'C.1.::=1, ';!.fl",\ iJ:J.i··:n~·,~1.tlc~'. r~,'1 \_~;'I.d:.! (Jf ~L!..;;,~..:::._~lil!~;;"t.,.;)n
~l.O·',u i,\\-::r..ho..1$ Q~' ~..~li·/~::"'y ~,inich CUl,1:L:\ CQ u;..it:~rl o,t'~:l,,~l';, ..'il·;),·:Jly.
~). r,:.~l·n.t.y 1.~1 1,":( 1963 '.J "LeinD l·'~:lt:-ict:~.J. tQ 'l:~i.nt,::J"~',r:c:;: f)! r~
l:].~:!..~),-,lc.;;;.Q :,,;·~c.:!yll~ o..~d of ;)J') o:r.;~ru.tiocr},l r;:w]J.n~;~l;J (),i' f~h.13:;,.t:!.~
(l-'_!';:i':."~:1iu..·\~icl\ ~~rate:;,\d :for cr..~':li:.:a.J. ~:..:~d bj.. ~l;-::~i(:~l i,~;'I.:;,:~,,·:tJ,:tJ D:; ~d,de~
'\!~•.t':r...:l,-) :1"-·.:~':.ctiur\3 a~:.d !"J.C tivlt.l.~~. ~'1'h~:1 i.'l~~t'l...) .1>~r:"l..lr•.• :;i.1...\? ~l.~i;.o.
o:.~·lld ':~J':3~t~)...~ ".ilJ..l1.)·,;: cor'.L.1.l,;ct~d 0.1' n. nc.:Jl, hi;~~y i:i,'t:::f.;\l'r: '~_LJi,,~;,;.....~~t.iiJ~
;j - :, ~,~"-;1 ~:h~. ~~ 1, :;:,:.; 1.;'-:::':11 J ~~1;10r~:j, t.:-f:\t~lJ. '\;o '1;.,;: (:::r':;..\;,J.;-~ uZ ;1.n f;X'~'i \t.;'''~'~ .;)~~
I~~d.:..:ri~d;'; t:.llr.,;up~~ !:.~~:b-{; clot~inc; GUbC~T..,~~c,l·).:J.ly, J.ni;".i"..:;.m.;.iC'lj,,:~·~, ~!J'~J
:Jj,J"",n~:,y 'l.'.i;hcut ::,,1~1.
C'1l:'lf
'[an/:3i';)lo!.;.:!.("'..~1 iJ~;":c~c-h
Dis tr.th\C~ Lo'1:
1 - 'J!TSD
1 - eil!'OnO
207
EXHIBIT 7
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON, U C. 20500
November 25, 19(,9
National SL:curity Decision Memorandum 35
TO:
SUDJECT:
The Vice President
The Secretary of State
The Secretary of Defense
The Director, Central Intelligence Agency
The Director, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
The Director, OHice of Emergency Preparedness
The Director, Office of Science and Technology
United States Policy on Chemical Warfare Program
and Dacteriological/Diological Research Program
Following consideration by the National Security Council, the President
has decided that:
1. The term Chemical and 13iological Warfare (CDW) will no longer
be used. The reference henceforth should be to the two categories
separately -- The Chemical Wadare Program and The Dialogical
Research Program.
2. With respect to Chemical Warfare:
a. The objective of the U. S. program will be to deter the use
of chenlical weapons by other nations and to provide a
retaliatory capability if deterrence fails.
b. The renunciation of the first use of lethal chemical weapons
is reaffirmed.
e. This renunciation is hereby applied to incapacitating
chemical weapons as well.
d. This renunciation docs not apply to the us e of riot cont 1'01
age.nts or h:rbici~les. A special NSDM ~~ auth~riz~ti~n;fo;n
tllclr use \vill be l.ssued. l'f ',.:! 'oil • )~".J,¥\
'I.l' ! '.'.\.115
rJ5~_.._
208
g. Thc Secretary of Defcnsc', in coopcl"ation with thc
Director of tJ,C OHice of Science and Techno1:.lgy, shall
continuc to dcvelop and improve controls and safcty
measures in all Chemical Warfare progl"iln)s,
h. Thc UndeI' Secrdaries CommiUec shall conduct an annual
rcview of Unitcd States Chcmical Warfal'e programs and
public infornlation policy, and will nlake I'CcOIll\llCncJations
to thc Prcsidcnt.
3. With rcspect to Bactc riological/ Diological programs:
a. Thc United States will renOW1CC the usc of lethal 111ethods
of bacte riological/biological warfare.
b. The United Statcs will similarly l"enounce thc \Ise of all
othcl" meUlods of bacteriological/biological warfare (for
example, inc<lpadtating acents).
c. Thc Unitcd States bacteriological/biolo,:ical programs
will be confincd to reseal'ch a,;d dev,'lopJlwnt [oJ' defen~ive
pllrposes (iIlHlluni7.ation, safety lllcaSHres, et eetel'a).
This docs not preclude reseal'l:h illto th'ose o{[cnsivc
aspects uf bacteriolo,~ical/1Jiol()r.icalagents necessary
to determine what defensive measures are required.
d. The Sccrctary of Defense will suhmit reCOI1Hllel1,btions
about the disposal of existing stoe1<s of bactei'iolol;ical/
biological weapons.
e. The Unitcd States shall associate itself with the
principles and objectives of the Draft ConvclIti"n
l"'ohihilillg the Usc of IJiological J'ddhod" of W"dare
pres en ted by th e United J\ingtloJ1) at th e I::ighte en - Nation
DisarmaJ))ent Conference ill Geneva, on 26 August 1969.
ltecomll1cndation as to association with specific provi~
iollS of the Dr;lft Convention should be prepared by
the Secretary of State and the Dil'ector of the Arms
Control and Disarmamcnt Agcncy, in coordi.nation with
other interestcd agencies, for the President's consideration.
209
f. The 5ecrclury of Dcfen5e, in conjunction with the
Dil'ector of the OHice of Science and Technology, shall
continuc to devclop conll'ols alUl s"Cety measures in all
bacteriological/biologic al programs.
g. The Under Secretaries Committee :;ha11 conduct an
annual review of United States Bacteriological/ Biological
Research ProgranlS and public information policy, and
will IHake rcc0l111nendations to the President.
f /",
f/'"---' '_ ;1;/, ,....
Henry /It. Klssingcr
cc: Cha~rl1lan, .Toint Chiefs of Staff
. _--------
210
EXHIBIT 8
NATIONAL ~'[CUr/irv COUNCIL..
Fehruary 2.0, )')70
Nation,,) Security Decision MCIHOfi\llclwn 14
TO:
SUBJECT:
The Vice Pl""sitlcnt "
The Secretary of State
The Secretary of Ddens('
The Director, Ccntrallnlr:-Jligcnce Al'.cncy
The DircctClr. Anna Conll'ol and Dit;.lrJl\<llnent Agency
The Direclor. Office of Enll.:rgency Preparedness
The Director. Office of Science amI Technology
United Sti\.tcs Policy on Toxins
Followin b ;:l review uf Unitcu States ,rniliti:!l'y proGI',llJ1S fur tOXins,
the PrC'i;iclcnl has l!c'cit!cu that:
1. The United filatcs will renounce thc prodUction ior opcr,ltion;\)
pUJ'poses, stuc)q>iling and usc in reLd.intion of to>:ins prorlllc'~d
,..j:J'I·)· ;.:: 1){',~;I.\:'Jj,":Jlub~C;" .. J ",T' biolobj(.::~J P1~~H:C£!:l'.l!: ('1' b}f (,1$\n1;,,;".1
Z. The Unilcd ~t.a!(:;, militnl'y prop.rilm [,,1' toxillfo will be c$I)[jlleci
to res e,lrell illHl development for defcnsive vurpo5c~ only.
3. The S(,(;l'"Lu')' o£ Dcfcllse will sub!'li( I'CC01111neml<\f;ol1.r, C(lIl(:crllin[;
tlle (li~;pn~;;(l of c:·:i~tillr. filo<.:ks of tm:ill W(;;\1)OIII; ill1cl/or
agcllh. Th,,~e rer:ol1"\rrJl'Ilr1atiol1~; slllJul<l OtCCOII"IF;\IiV the rcconl- '
l11("n();,fiulW !;1l1";U.1111 10 N:ltion;'.1 Scclll"i1l' Dccis;()' l\1enHJ)'illlc111,l1 35
l"<:[;:Jl'dilJG the ui,<;po,~.. l oi h<lcl(';l"ioh)l:ic:alf1Jiol(ltk:~lW<:,l [)ll 11$ ,
-1. Th" Unde]" S""rJ'c:t~I'jes C01TlI11il!(:C'I; illJllll:d rcvj'··.·" of UlJiU,cl
Slall','; c:JIt:ll1ical w;\dal'c Pl'o!-:l',.m:.; and jJ111;!i<.: il'[f.ll'm.lliol1
policy, ,'S ,\;]"(,<:Ic.,1 by N:diollid" SCClll'i1l' ])l'cj.~i.(,n :MCI110J"lI1Clunl 35,
will include l"""ic\'J o£ Uniled Sl;l!<.::; JlJilit.'ll'l' (oxin:; pl"ogr:llns.
cc: Ch;lirm:lll • .Jllint Chid:; ()[ Slaff ~" i: I 1'1 ,tr• (VSL'"
.,.".-.,._..-.,:~:..:.. ....~
211
EXHIBIT 9
Prolo(.'ol for the Prohibition of the Use in \Var
of As))hyxiating. Poisonous or Other .Gases,
and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare
,·af/IIt·,1 ,,/ (;"'1/"'" ,/"",'17. I!I.!.;
/';""'1"(,,1 j"/,, /",.,.,. "'''''''''''''/1 ,II, 1II.!,'l
'l'hc' 111111"1',,1"'11"\ 1'1"1111'''"'111 ill 1"1,'''. III til<' 11111111' IIf tI ...I.· ...·"1"·"1 I"" I;ol'l'rllII
11'11 tII :
\\'IU'rt·n" till' liN" III wllr coe lI"l'h~·xilllilllC. ""I""IIUII" ",. 011 ... 1' 1-'''1'1'''. 1I1111 "r 1111
1I111111111,ill" lI.tlll,I". 11I1I1t'1'I1I1" IIr CIt·,'iI'l·"', h,," h\"'11 JII"II.,· \'11",1"111111'11 Io~' II,,· 11\'111'1'111
1I1'11IIollllf t IU' ('h'lIllll'cl \\'lIrld:
\\'hl'rl'lI" 1111' l'I'"IIiI,IIi"1I ..r "lid. lISt· 1111" 1"'1'11 ,10,,'1111','.1 III '1'1',·,,111''' .', 11'1011'11
II... IIII1.lorll)· "t \'''\\"I'rll Cot IIll' 11'01'111111'" I'll 1'11.')1 : n1111
'I'll II", "1111 lhllt thiN IIr"IIIhillllll "hllil 10,' 111111'1'1'",,11.1' /1""1'1'1,',1 II'" II 1'011'1 lie
1lIlI'rrlll'lounl 1.1111". hillclillll' 11111... till' ,·III1SI·Il·II,·,' 1111'1 IIII' I11'1lI' II"" ot 1111110"":
1'\'.'1111'1':
'l'hlll Ih,' Il1l1h ",,"lrll"IIII!! 1'11 ..11,.". ".. 1'" .. II" tl ....,· II ...• 11111 1111'1',"1.,· 1'111'11,'"
tIl 'l'r"I1I1,'" "1',,1111,11111" III1l'h lI"c'.II'·"'·\l1 thc'i!' \lr..hilol'illll. 1110:1'1'" '""XI"II,llhlI'r"
loiloll!1I11 III 1111' liN" "r Iollc'll'c'jollll1h'1I1 '1I"lh,,,ls Ill' 11111'1',,\'1' tllld "Io:fl'p 10
hI' 1101111,1 1Ii'l 1,,'\wI'\'1I 11I'·IIII1t'I\·,·" 1l"'~lr,lIll1: III II... "'rill" IIr Iltl" ,h'l'I" 1"11 I111'1-
'1'111' lIi!!h 1'11111 r11l'l11lJ( 1'".·II,·i'l will "Xf'rt """1'." ,.1'1'..1'1 III illoll!"" IIlh,-r Stllll'"
III I,,~,"II' til 1111' \In'''''111 l'r,i'IIl·III. 1·11"'11 1"'1'1',,~illll will 1,\· 11111 ill,·,1 I" IIIe' t:II\"1'rll'
1111'111 lit Iltl' 1""I"lI'h [I'·l'lIhll,·. 11111\ II~' IIII' 11111"1' tIl Ill' ~i":lIl1'"rr 11111\ """c',lIl1lo:
I'.. w,',·". llllli will III~" ,'0','('1 1111 'h\' ,Inl,· IIf 1111' 1I..lilll·lIlllll1 lor 1111' 1:"""1'111111'11'
111'1111' I'n',,"', Ilt'l'lIl1lh'.
'1'1,,' 1'1"'''''111 1·1'111".·..1. IIr whl"h 1111' "'rptll'h "CII\ 1':1110:11,,11 Il'xl~ nr,' I",'h
111111,,"111,', "hllil h,' 1"111 i/l,'.1 11M ''''''II II" 11I1~"lhl,'.' " "h/lll I~'I'" 1..,1".,"" oI"t,·.
Thl' rll'III"lIlilllli'l or Ih"I,r"""1I1 1'1'''\''''111 "h/ln I,,· 11.1,11'1'''''1',1 I" 1111' 1:111"'1'111111'111
..1'1I,,'I'·'·"llI'h 1((·IIIII,li,'. whl"h will "I "'11',' .",1 if." 1I"·,II'I,,,,_i1l1 r ~'ll'h ,·,Ilill,·,,111I1I
I" ,.,,1'1,"1' I hI' ';ll!lIl1ll1"~"'lIl1ll1",·.',lilllC1"""("'''.
Till' ill,II'III1I1'II'" "I' "111111"11111111 "I' ,,",1 II'·I',·~"I"II III 1111' III"'''''f11 I·rlll ..... d will
\'1"1111 ill d'·I'II.-III',111I 1111' 1111'1111"'11"1' Ih,' {;II\"'I'III1Il'1I1 "I' '''C' 10'... ·'... 11 H"JllIl<li(',
Tilt' J1,·.·....Clul P ..,,1f It'U , \.\·111 4'UIIU' tllill flll·c'," I'UI" 4,':lt'li ~iJ:llllllll'.\ "oWPI' n!'" rrfllll
II,,· 01",,· "r ,10"1""" IIr II" l'III1'Io-lIlj"lI. llllli. rr"!11 llt:ol 11'"1111'111 ...",." 1'.,\\'1'" "'ill I,,·
1",",,,1 II' """"1"1" "1111'" 1'''\I"I'ri'l \l"hid' Itll ... • nl"I'II"", ,"".tI"II,·" 11t..11' ,·nlill'·II'i"",-.
I, .\\ II \I .... ~ "IIUtI;.. 1" lilt' P'''lIil't1I'·lIlla.'j,''''I 'la,'.' ""i,J.:1II 'tI Ihl' 1'1'I'~I'II' It"1I11H'OI.
, ... " '" 1:"''''\:1 illu 111111:11' ""1'.1'. lh,· ,<1"'1'11""'1111. ,111." IIr .111111'. "111' 'I'IIIIII"a,"1
\ "". 11'"'''1",·,1",,,1 T\\'I'III~·.I'·h·,.. .
II
212
EXIDBIT 10
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development,
Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological
(Biological) and Toxin Weapons and
on Their Destruction
Sir/llerl fit TT"rt.shiillJtOII. [,fllli/r,II. j[fJ.<(''IU· dpril 10. 1972
The :';t,lte~ P:ntlps to tllis ConH>ntion.
D.. terlllined tn act with ;I view to achieving elIectiH~ progre~s towllrd~ general
and cOlJlplet£' dbarllJ<lllJE.'nt. includIng the prohibition and ellmination of aJl t.YP£'~
of wpnpl)ns of 1ll!l~S destruction. and con~inced that th£' prohibition of the
1.!t!H?lr,pmcnl. production :lull stockpiling' ot chemical and IJnct£'riologic:l1 (biological)
,,'eallons and tlll'ir elimination. thr(lngh effecti,e mel1sntes. will tacilitnte
the achieH'ml'nt of g-enernl and complete disarwament uulier ..triet and effecth'c
Intl'rnationnl control.
Reco~llizillg the important si).,'11ificance of tll£' Protocol for thE' Prohibition of
the r,p in 'Wa r of .\s!,hyxiatinJ;. P"bOllflll" or Other Gase;;. and of Bacteriolog-
leal ~1 .. thor1;; of 'Yarfar!:', ;;i~el! at Genpyu on June ii, 192~, uml consciou~
niSI) of tile tontriblltion \,"hich the said Protocol llas already mnue. and contlnuefl
to Illakl" to mitl/;atinJ: the horrors of wur.
Rt>.1dirruin~ thpir adherenct' to the principlt's and objer.th-£'s of that Protocol
aUlI L'alling- UpOIl flll :':tatl'~ to comply :;tdetl." with thf>U!.
Recallin!; that the Gl'neral .bse11l1,1~' of th.. rnite·<J :\'atlons has repeat..dlr
conl1t'nln€'\l n11 action" contrary til tbe principle;; and objec:th'es of tbe Gene\'u
Prll[(,t'ol of .TuuP 1'j, 102:>.
D",drin.:;- to ('ontrihutp to rht' "tren;:t!wninlt of cl1ulll1l:'ne'e 1..·t\\'(,f'1I Ile"pl"s nnfl
thE' lte!l('ral illlpr",'''lllt'nt nf th., intprnationaJ <ltmo.'I,l!erE'.
DI.':;irill:;' al"" to c'mtri/lll((' to rh/-' rl'aliziltion of the purr"""" anl! prilirjpl,,·
of tin' C'hart.. r ,)( thl' Cllitl'll Xntiou,..
('on"itlCl'<\ of the importanc(' nnll l\r~etll:Y \)f elilllil\l\till~ frrHll thl' nrH!nnls
of i'tnt l'., thrflul:b ['!'feNi\'(' 1llI',~."llrp~. ,,11('11 rlan.~l'r'\\ls 'l\'enpnns of m:1.!OS llestrnc·
ti on iI:; thl"'" u"i n:.: thl'tll k,ll or ha.'tC'rif,ln>,:i(':\1 lllilllo~i"n I\ ll:;~nt;;,
Rl:('''l(lIizil1;: rhat ,.11 '1.::r.·.. I\II'llt nil till.' !'r,lhil.itinl\ of IIl\ctll-l'iolol:1l:111 (loi",III~ical)
and In:\ill WP:1.I"'I1·" r"l'fl'."('llt" n fit:;t I'"""il>le ;;IPll towardi: thp achlp\"t>mpnt of
Rg-rl't>nll'llr on t>/ft'ctil'e lIlt':\:;llfPS nl"" f,d' thl' prohihiti"n of the tl",·p!npllll'llt.
Ilrol1uction and sto('kl'lIinl!' of chPmiC'al tW:lJlons. :lnd dl't£'rmilH'cl to ('ontill\11'
ne;rotintinll" to that em\.
Pf"tl'rmin('cl. fCll' thl' sake or (III manldnll. tll ~xchllle completely the po~sibilitr
or hacterinln~('al (biolo~icnl) agl'nti: anti toxins lJeillg- used as weUllOllS.
Con"incl'cl that such \1"(' would be fl'PUgn:lIlt to the con~c1£'nl.'(, of mnnkind
nnrllhat 110 pffnrt .~h0\11d Ill" I'pnrpd to mlniml?!' this risk.
Ha"l' n~rcf'd as follows:
llS
213
Article I
Euch Stnte Purty to this Con\"l?JJtlon undertakes ne,'er In any ('ircuwst..lnces
to den'loll, produce, stockpile or otherwise acquire IIr retain:
(1) ~llcrol1ial or other biological a;;ents. or toxins whate\'er their tln~n or
metbod of production. of t)'pc>! nncl in flu:lOtities that ha\'e nl) justitit'Mitlll for
prophylactic, protpcth'e- or othe-I" peaceful purposcs;
(2) Wt'l\llI lOll , ellUi(lment, or meau>! tJt delh'l'rr nesigIwd [l) lise ,n<:h a~I'!1t, or
toxins for hostile pUrilOSl'S or In arm"u coulliet,
.-\rtlcle II
Each State l'urty to this ("onl'cnll"ll un,ll'rtakl's to llestNY. "t' tl) ,lin'rt to
peaceful llllrpusell, ns soon ns possible but. not later than nine months nfler
the entry Illto force of the Convpution, nil n~ents, toxins, w,'ap"I1.<, P'lui!,ill,'nt
llnd menns ,)f delb'cl) specilie,l in articlc I of the COIl\'l'nt!on, which are in its
IIOSs<,slllon <>r und!'r its jurisdiction /If control. III illlfl1plIH.'lltillll' th~ llrn1islc>n,<
of this article all neee~~nr)' safety precautions shall ue obsen'eu to prr,eed popUlations
and the environment,
Article III
Each Stnte Purty to this COnl'entloll ulutl1rtakl'lI not to trunsfpr to lin)'
recipient whlltsOel'er, directly or Indirectly. nnd not in any wa)· tD lls~ist,
encoura~e, 01' Induce auy State, grDup of Stutes or Internntit.nal or;;ani7.ntlllns to
manufacture or ntherWlse I\CIlUlrt> un)' of the agl'llts, toxins. wl',l(" I:" , 11li:".I~nt
or means ot dl'lh'ery sperified in article I of the COIIl'l'Uti'1U,
Article n'
Each State Pllrey to this COD\'ention "hal!. in t\rcnrrlallce with its eOlli'til1ltillllal
proel'i'!;E'''l. tnke llU)" necessary mell:lUrl'S to (lrollihlt and (ll'en'nt thl' dl'n'lo(lult·n~.
production, :ltockpillng, acquisition Ilr rl'tentloll of thl' n.L:l'nt~,. toxill~, W"lll'Oll~,
e'luipllll'nt Ilud means of delivery Slleeifil'(l III article I of th.. C~lI'·I·ntilln, will:."
the tprrlt'lr,- of such Statt', u/I(lt'r Its Juris/Hetion III' und.'r it., euntrol ;Ill.""'),.,""
.\rticle \'
The Statl'.' Parties to this Con\'('lItlon nndt'rtak.. to eonsu:t lin .. allllrh",' '11:11 ,.
coopl'ratll in sol\'ln~ an)' pr()hlellls whit-h mar nrii'll in rl'I:1l101\ to tlH' "I '.. I'd it·
ot, or ill the llpplkatioll of tht' l)ro,'isillllS, of, the COll,'potioll. Coni'lIltari'l/l .an·1
cooperntion pursuallt to this artlel!' ilia." nli'o 11,· IInril'l'lnkl'lI thl'ou::h :l1'I/rt'l'r!ntl.'
11Itl:'rII:1tiollni proce,lllrrs within thl' 'fralllc\\'"rk of the Cnlt,·c! ~":t'i',lI' :11.01 .:\
urcoruuuce with its Charter,
Articll' \'1
(1) .\ny State Party to thi!! Convent!()o which thals that any neher State Party
is acting In brl'aeh of oullgutlons dl.'rh'ln~ from the prl)\'j,;inns or till' ("JII\'I'uti,m
mar lodge a complaint with the Security Council of thl' l'nitpd Xati'H1K Such a
comph\lllt should include all Ilosslble e\'hlt~n<,e confirming its \'ali,Ut)', IlS \'I'e1l
UlInl't'qurst fIll' Its ('onllhlerl1tion by the :::lecllrity Cunllril. '
(21 Each State Part)" to thill Convention nnd<'rtakf's to coopl'mtp in \'arr)'loo:
out nny Inl'l'"tigatloll ,,'hlch the Securltr COllncll muy initiate. in nt'eonlance with
the pro\'lslons of the Charter ot th~ t:ulted ~ntinn3, on the h:li'is of th~ corn214
plaint rt;, "I'd by the Council. The Security Council shall inform the Statl'>
,Parties to thl' Com'ention of the results of the investigation,
Article YII
Each State Party to this Convention undertakes to pro\"iele or support assistal}('
p. in accordance with the Cnitl'd Xatiolls Charter. to unr Party to the Con,"
entiun which so requests. if the Security Council (!eddes that such Party has
lieen eXl~)Spel to danger as a result of ,-iolation of the Com"ention.
Article nIl
Xothing' in this Conn'nrion shall be interpreter! as in any way limiting 'lr
detractill/; frurn the ohligations assumc1 by any State unrlt'r the Protocol for the
Prohildtion of the ese in 'Yar of _\sphyxiaring. l'ui:;onoli.'i or Other Gases. and
of Racteriolo;.:ic:'! ,ldhn(ls or \Yarfar~, si~ned at Genp\'a un June Ii. lfr23.
Article IX
E:H:h State Party to tllis Conwntion affirms the recognizt'd objecti~"e of
effl'cti,e prohibition of cllemical weapons and, to this end, undertakes to continue
ne;.:otiations in good faith with a ,iI''' to reaching early agreement on effective
measures for the prohibition of their dHelolllllent. production anel stockpiling
antI for their dpstruction, and on appropriate measures concerning equipment and
me:lns of deli\"ery specifically designed for the production or use of chemical
agents for weapons purposes.
Article X
0) :rile States Parties to thi.-; COrlH>ntion llndert'll;e to facilitate, and have
the rig-ht to participate In. the fullest possibl£' exchange of equipment. materials
and scientific :lnu technological information for the use of bacteriological (biolo~
cal) ac;ents and toxins for peaceful purposes. Parties to the Confention in
a position to do so shall also cooperate in contribnting indiYidual\y or together
with other States or intPfnational organizations to the further deYelopment and
application of .scientific disco,eries in the field of bacteriology (biology) for
prel"entiun of dL'ease. or for oth"r p"aceflll purpose;;,
(:?) This Connntiou 5h,1.11 he implemented in a manner designed to :noid
hampering the economic or technological development of States Parties to the
Conl"ention or internation:ll coop£'ration in the liplll of j>t>are!ul b:lcteriological
(hiol,,;.,'ical) actiyities. including- the international exchange of liacteriolo~cal
(Ioiologieal) a.!.:"prlts and toxins and el]uipment for the processing, lise or production
of loacteriolo;.:it;lJ (IJiological) agents nnd toxins for peaceful \lllrpnse.s in
accorda nce \lith the prol"isi'otls of the C,'m"ention.
Article XI
Any State Party lIl:l," propose anwndtllt'nts to this COtl\"pntion. Amendment~
shn 11 ('ntpr into force for ench Statp P:uty ac-cepting" the amendoH'nts upon
their acceptancp hy a majority of tbe Statf'~ Parties to the Conrpntion ami
thpn'after for e:lch remaining State Party on the date of aceeptance by it.
Article XII
Fi,e years aft"r the entry into (orce of this Convention. or earlier if it is
requested by a majority of Parties to the Convention by submitting u proposal
215
to this effect to the Depositary Gon'rnments, a conferencp of States Parties to
the Con\"ention shall be held at Gene\'a, Switzerbnd. to re\"iew thp 0lWratlon of
the Convention, with a view to assuriug that the pUr(JOSPS of the prpamble nnd
the provisions of the Com'ention. inclucling- the pro\'isions concernin:; ne,;:otiati,ms
on chenlical weapons, are being' rea Ii 7.ed. Such review shall tal,,· into account
any new scientific and tedlllological llevl"lopllIl"nt" rl.'le\'ant to the Con'l"ntion.
Article XIII
(1) This Con\'l"ntion shall be of unlimitl"d ,luration.
(2) Each State Party to this ('oU\'entlon shall In eXPrcbin;:; It., n,nional
sovereignty have the light to withdraw frOID the Conn'ntinn if it decides that
extraordinary events, related to the subje<:t rua[[pr of the Conn'nrion. ba\'e
j~pardized the supreme intprests of its country. It shall gh'p uotice of 5nch
withdrawal to all other St'ltcs PartiE'S to thc Conn'orion an,1 to th.. Cl!itr'd
Xatious Security Council three mouths In ad\·ance. Sl1eh notice "hall indull.,
a statement of tt,e extraonlinary en>nr~ it re':;:Hus as havin:; jeoj)anli7.p,l it~
supremc interests.
Article Xn"
(l) This Com'ention shall be open to all Statl's for signaturp. Any State
which does not sign the Con\"ention LJefore its entry into fo,<:e in accordance
with paragraph (3) of this Article lllay <lccl"de to it at aDY time.
(2) This Conn'nUon shall be sul\jcet to ratification by Si;matory State=,.
Instruments of ratifi<:atioll and instrtllllPnts of acces"lon 51.1:111 be def!<.Jsitel!
with the Go\'ernmeuts of the l"niteu States of .\merica. th!' Cnl"-',l Kir::.:~' .:;;
of Great Britain and Xorthern Ireland and the Lnion of S,)\'it.'t Sociali."t
Republics, which are hereuy d!'slgnated the Dppositary Go,'prnments.
(3) This Convention shall enter into force aftt'r the deposit of instruments
of ratification LJy tweuty·two Gm'eruml'nts, indnuln:; the GO"enlml'nt" de~i:!:nated
as Depositaries of the Convention.
(-!) For States whosl" instn.lments of r:Hificatillu or :1<....",,,i0n ,He ,1"1'0,it"(1
subsequpnt to the entry Into force of this Conypntilln, it shall l'nt ... r intd rlorcc
on the date of the dl'posit of their Instrumcuts of ratiticati"n ,'r :1('c"""ioB,
(5) Thl' pepositary GO"l'rllments shall prompT!,' infonn all "i"n'ltor,' an,l
accedin;; :-:itates of the date of each sh.'Tlatu,e, the LIar" nf depn,it of earh ino'tn~·
meut of rarification or of accE's"i')Il aud the date nf t!:l' elltry iut,) fnrci' or thi,
Coovention, and of the receipt of other uotic"s.
(6) 'This CO/l"elltion shalt lJe re;;i"tl'rL',[ hy the Dejl0SiLlry lion'rn:Ht'ot5 p'lrsuant
to Article 1(r2 of the Churt!'r of the ('nited :\'ariolls.
Artic!e XY
Thi;: COll\,('ntion, the English. RIl:;sia.n, Frt'nch. Spanish unll Chinp~" texts
of which are equally authentic, shall be dppo"ite,1 In thp archi,'ps of th., Depositary
GO\'emments, Dnly certified copies of the COlll"pntion shalt he tran~,
mitted by the Depositary Go\'ernwents to the GO\'erDnlent, of the signatory an,1
accedin;{ State,;.
216
EXlDBJTll
Or. Wi 11iDOl T. B~avcr
Ocp.Jrtrl1(!nt of Philrl1l,1Co!o<jy
Corne 11 Un i ver~ i ty Ikd iCd I CQ liege
1300 York Avenuc
New York, New York
Mr. William Beck
North.,est Shellfish Luboratory
Gig Harbor, Washington
Dr. Will i am H. Bee r s
The Rockefeller Univcrsity
New York, New York 10021
Or. Merlin S. Bergdoll
Food Research Institute
University of Wi~consin
Madison, Wisconsin 53706,
Or. Alan W. Bernheimer
Ne0 York Universi ty School of Medicine
Department of Microbiology
550 First Avenue
New York, New York
Or. Martin E. Bernstein
Indiana University Medical Center
1100 West Michigan Street
Indianapol is, Indiana 46207
Dr. John A. Bevan
Department of Phannacol'ogy
School of Medicine
University of Cal i fornia
Los Angeles, Cal ifornia
Or. B. Bey s
Faculty of Medicine &. Pharmacology
School of Public /lealth
University of Brussels
Brussels I, Belgium
Botul inul1\ Toxin
Shellfish Poison
Botul inum Toxin
..
Stuph Ent B
Stuph Ent A
Staph Ent B
Botulinum Toxin
Shellfish Poison
BOLul iflum Toxin
Staph Ent B
217
Dr. Hordec~i P. Bl~uslcin
Dcp~rlll1l~nt of Physiolo'lY & Biophysics
Washington Ulliv,~r~ity School of 11cdicine
660 S. Eucl id Avcnue
St. Louis, Missouri 63110
Dr. Peter Bonvcllturc
Raaioisotope Laboratory
Cincinn~li General Hospital
Cincinnati, Ohio
It. J~",es C. Bond
Department of Pharmacology
Georgetolm University Medical School
Washington, D.C. 20007
Or. Herbert L. Dorison
Department of Pharmacology
Dartmouth Medic~l School
Hanover, New Hampshire
Dr. Daniel Boroff
Albert Einstein. Institute
York &Tabor Roads
( Phi/I.~. d~lphi~" Penn~~lv~n~a_ I;,?O
,1..1 J) ,(.:1 .... '}.(.,:1 ! -.J l· .., I
Or. Thomas BratkOllski
Section of Neurobiology &Behavior
Langmuir Labo~atory
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York 14850
Or. David K. Brooks
Baylor University Col rege of Medicine
Texas Medical Center
Houston, Texas 77025
Or. Clarence A. Broomfield
Edgewood Arsenal, Maryl~nd
Prof. S. D. Burton
Institute of Marine Science
University of Alaska
College, Alaska
(}olu Ii nUlll Tox in
Staph Ent B
Botulinum Toxin
Staph Enl B
Shellfish Poison
Botulinum Toxin
Botul inull1 Toxin
Shellfish Poison
Botu Ii num Tox in
Shellfish Poison
218
Hr. Tho1l1i15 Burlon
DefJarlmcnl of Health, Educiltion and Welfare
FOQd & Drug Administrotion
1521 W. Pico Boulevard
los Angeles, Cal ifornia 90015
Dr. Frank G. Carpenter
Universi ty of Alabama Medical Center
Medical Col lege and School of Dentistry
Birmingham, Alabama 35233
Dr. C. Jelleff Carr
Chief. Scientific Analysis Branch
life Sciences Division
Office of the Chief of Research and Development
Washington, D.C. 20310
Dr. Ezra Casm,11l
Food [,. Druy Adlninistratiol1
U.S. Public Health Service
Washington, D.C.
Dr. Stephen S. Chen
Department of Physiology
The Univer·sity of Wisconsill
Madison, Wisconsin 53706
Dr. Michael Cherington
Division of Neurology
Universi ty of Colorado Medical Center
4200 East Ninth Avenue
Denver, Colorado 80220
Dr. Wi 11 i am Chesbro
Department of Microbiology
Univcrsi ty of New Hampshire
Durham, New Hampshire 03824
Dr. Scotl V. Cobert
Bacteriology Department
Albany Medical Col lege
Albany, New York·
She 11 r i sh Po i ~Ol'
.,
Botul inum Toxin
Botulinum Toxin
Staph Ent B
Botul inum Toxin
Botul inurn Toxin
Staph Enl A
Botu Ii nUIll Tox i n
219
James E. COl"rig<ln
35 But leI" Street
Division of. N~tural Sciences
St. Francis Col lege
Brooklyn, New York
Et he I Cosmos
Insti tute fOI" /1usclc Discases, Inc.
Division of Ccl I Biology
New York, Ncw York 10021
Dr. Frederick Coulston
Insti tutc of Exparimental Pathology
and Toxicology
Albany Medical Collcge
Albany, New York 12208
Or. Scott Covert
Department of Microbiology
Albany Mcdical Collcge
Albany, New York 12208
Dr. John T. Cronin
Professor of Chemistry
Divis ion of Mathematics &
Physical Science
Southwestern State College
Weatherford, Oklahoma
Dr. William J. Crowley, Jr.
Department of Neurology
Universi ty of Virginia School
of Medicine
Charlottesvi lle, Virginia 2290\
Or. Don Oas Gupta
Food Resc.:lrch Institute
University of Wisconsin
Madison, Wisconsin 53706
Shellfish Poison
Botulinum Toxin
Botul inum Toxin
Botu I inum Tox j n
Shellfish Poison
Botu\ inum Toxin
Botu! inum Toxin
220
Dr. Gary D·.W; 5
Nation,,! Inslilule of '1(,'11Iul Ilcullh
Division of Speci.:ll IknLJI lIeulLh
Rese'lrch, IR
LaboraLory of Ncurophwrm.lcology
Saint Elizilbcths Hospit.:ll
'.lAW Bu i I ding
Washington, D.C. 20032
Col. Irvin Davis
USAF School of AcrospilCc Medicine
Chief, Bio5cicnces Division
Brook~ Air Force Base, Texas 78235
Dr. W. W. Dawson
Departlllent of Oplithilllllolo<JY
Un i ve I' 5 i LY 0 f r- I (J r i da
Gainesville, Florida 32601
Dr. C. B. Denny
Assist"nt Chief, BJClCriol0<JY
Nation;;Il Cunners Association, ~Iash'ington
Research Laborillory,
1'33 20Lh Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C.
Marjorie l. Dewey
Chi eFTox i col 0'1 i s l
Diablo laboratorIes
Berkcl,y Rescarth Cenlcr
Berke ley, Ca Ii forn i a
Dr. N. Dickie
Department or National Health & Welfare
Food & Drug Directorate
Tunney's Pasture
Ottawa) Ontario, Canada
01". V. R. Do,.", I 1
National Com,"unic.:Jble Disease Center
Atlanta, Georgia
BuLul i nUl" TI»( j 11
S'LiJph En L B
Botul inuill Toxin
S tapb En t B
Shellfish Poison
Botulinum Toxin
BoLu Ii nU111 Tux i 11
221
Dr. Diln;e! ll. Drilehmilll
DcpartmPIlL of flrllrolovy
New EnV 1.1,,,1 C"nLel' Hasp; L.:I I
Bos ton, 11us silchusc II s
Dr. James L. Duncan
Department of Hicrobinlagy
Northwestern Universi Ly
eh icago, I I I ino i s 6061 I
Dr. Ralph V. Dykes
Scripps Institution of Oee.:lnogr.:lphy
University of Cal ifornia, San Diego
P.O. Box 109
La Jol la, California 92037
Dr. Gary DyksLr.:l
Dcp.:lrtll1"nt of Health, Education &. Welfare
Food [, Druel Administration
156D East Jefferson Avenue
Detroit, MichiYiln 48207
Or. Arthur Eherstein
New York Universi ty Medic.:! I Center
Institute of Physical Medicine &.
Rehabi I; tati"n
400 East 34th SLreet
New York, New York
Prof. Roger Eckert
Department of Zoology
Syracuse Uiliversity
Syracuse, New York
Dr, Seymour Ehrcnpresis
Department of Philrmacolo!Jy
Gcorgetovll1 MOld ica I Schoo I
Washington, D.C.
Dr. RichiJrd Ehrl ieh
liT Research Institute
10 West 35th Street
Chicago, Illinois
!lutu Ii nU1l1 lux i n
,.'
St.:lph Ell t lJ
She i I f ish Pa is all
Shellfish Poison
Shellfish Poison
!loLul inulllTaxin
222
Dr. C. En'll' 1
Central IlIs[ i [lIl.e for I~lllri lion
<Jnd Fl)l)d Rl!scilI"ch T.N.O.
Ultrechlsewl!g 48
leist, The Nether lands
Dr. Martin H. Ev~n5
Institute of An im.:J I Physiology
Babrahillll
Cambridge, En91~nd
11r. Douglils A. E",ald
Department of Zoology
University of California
Berkeley, California 94720
Prof. Maurice [l. Feinslein
Down St<3te 11cdical Centel'
State University o( New York
Department of Pharmacology
450 Clarkson Avenue
Brooklyn, New York 11203
Or. Wi 11 iam A Fl!lsing, Jr.
Chief, Field Operation Section
Shellfish Sanitation Branch
Department of Health, Education & Welfare
Washington, D.C.
Dr. John A. Findlay
Department of Chemistry
Universi ty of New Brunswick
Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
Or. Robert B. Forney
Oepa rtmcn l of Tox i co I o~y
Indiana University Medical Center
Indianapolis, Indiana
Prof. Frederick A Fuhrman
Flei SChl11ilnn Laborator ies of the
Medical Sciences
Stanford University School of Medicine
Palo Alto, Cal ifornia 94304
.,
Shl! 11f ish Po i son
[lotu I i l1um 'Tox i n
Shellfish Poison
Shellfish Poison
She I I f ish Po i SOn
Shellfish Poison
Shellfish Poison
223
Dr. C(Jn~t<,ntinc G,~niw'()rC]is
Dep<lrlmL'n t 0 f [" i dr!lIli 0 logy {..
Prevelll ive .I-1cdicinc
University of C.. liforniJ
SChool of Veterinary I-Iedicine
Davis, California
Dr. Joseph F. G~nnJru. Jr.
The J. Hillis ~liller HeJIlh Center
University of FloridJ
Gainesville, FloridJ
E'mcr George, J.r., Director
Laboratory Bui Iding
State Food LJborJtory
DepJrtlllcnt of Agricu I ture {.. HJrkets
1220 Washington AvellllC
Albany, New York 12226
Dr. Julia Gerwing
University of British Columbia
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Or. Richard J. Gi Ibert
Food Hygiene LLlboratory
Central Publ ic Health Laboratory
Col indale Avenue
London NW 9, England
Prof. A. Giovanardi
Instituto Di l(jicne Della
Universi la Oi Hi lano
University of Hilan, Italy
Dr. N. GrecZ
I IT Research Institute
\0 West 35th Street
eh i cago, I \ I i no is
A. E. Greenberg
Chief, Sanitation {.. RJdialion Laboratory
2151 Berkeley Way
Berkeley, C.. lifornia
Staph [nt B
Botu I i nUll' Tux i n
Staph Ent B
Botulinum Toxin
Stal'h [I\t A
Shcllfish Poison
Butu Ii num Tax in
Shellfish Poison
224
Or. Harry Grundr~51
Colle')" (If Phyr,iciilns & S"r9,!ons
of Col'Jlllbia Ullivcrsi ty
Oepartn1en't of Neurology
Laboratory of Neuophysiology
New York, New York 10032
Or. S. Ha'] i OJilr,1
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
P. O. Box 109
La Jol la, Cal ifornia 92037
0,.. H. E. Hall
Robert A. Taft Sanitory Engineering Center
U. S. Public Health Service
4676 ColUll1bia PMkIJ.Jy
Cincinnati, Ohio 45226
Dr. O. L. Hamllle rllian
The Brooklyn Center
Long Island University
Brooklyn, New York 11201
Dr. Wi II iam K. Harrell
Chief, Microbiologicill Reagents Unit
Communicable Oiseilse Center
Atlanta, Georgiil 30333
Dr. Korok" Hashimoto
Department of Pharmacology
Faculty of Medicine
University of Tohoku
Sendai, Japiln
Or. Ervin J. Hilwrylewicz
liT Reseilrch Institute
10 West 35th Street
Chicago, I I I inois 60616
Dr. James L. Haynes
Litton Systems, Inc.
Applied Science Division
~inneapolis, Minnesota 55413
She II fish Poison
Shellfish Puison
Staph Ent !l
Stilph Enl B
Stuph Ent B
Shellrish Poison
Botu Ii num Tax in
Botu Ii nU11I Tox in
225
Dr. Rich.1rd lIenderson
Depilrll\\C'n\" of Chend ~ t ry
Stcrl inlj Chemi slry Liluor.llory
YiJle University
225 Prospect Street
New Haven, Connecticut 06520
Or. EdwiJrd J. lIerbst
Spalding life Sciences 61dg.
Departrncnt of lli()chernistry
Univers i ty of Nel. l1iJllIpshi rc
Durham, New Hampshire 03824
Dr. T. Herskovic
SectiOn of GilstroenteroJogy
·Yale··University School aFMedlcine
New Haven, Connecticut 06510
Dr. John l1euscr
Laboratory of Neuropilthology ~
NeuroDnatomical Sciences
.Nation.. 1 Institute of Neurological
Diseases & Stroke
Bethesdu, MDryland 20014
Dr. Berti I Hi \ Ie
The Rockefe Iler Inst i tute
New York, New York 10021
Dr. Carl R. Honiy
Department of Physiology
University of Rochester Medical Centel'
Rochester, New York
Prof. A. B. Hope
The Flinders University of South Austral ia
School of Biological Sciences
Bedford Park, South Australia 5042
John V. HUlllber
National Canners AS50ciation
Washington, D. C. 20036
Shcllfi~h Poisun
Shellfish Puison
Staph Ent B
Ootulinull1 Toxin
Shell fish Poison
Bolul inulll Tuxin
Shellfish Poison
Staph Ent A
226
Or. S. I"wn i
Dcpilrl1llcnl or t~lILI·iliun c1nd Food Sciences
Mass.:lchLJ~ell" In,.tilLJlU or T"chnology
Cambridge, M.:lss.:lchusetts
Dr. Bcrn.:lrd Jandorf
CROL
Edgewood Arsenal. Mi)ryland
Dr. James M. J"y
Department of Biology
Wayne State University
Detroit, Michigan ~8202
Dr. Donald J. Jel1den
Dcpar tmcnL of Plwrmaco I o~JY
Universi ty of Cui i fornia CenLer for
the Health Services
Los Angeles, California 90024
Or. Wayne I. Jensen
U.S. Oept. of Interior Fish & Wi Idl ife
Service
P.O. Box 459
Bear River Research Station
Brigh.:lm City, Utah
Or. Francois Jobin
Laboratoire de recherches cl iniques
et Service d'f\cmiltolo9ie
Hospital du Saint-Sacrament
Quebec, Canada
Or. Howard M. Juhnson
Mi Ik & Food Sanit"rinn Research Branch
Division of Microbiology
Department of Health, Education & Welfare
logo Tusculum Avenue
Cincinnati, Ohio ~5226
Mr. W. G. Jowett
TTCP, Sub-yroup E
Defence Standards Laboratories
P.O. Box SO
Ascot Vale, 3032
Victoria, Australia
Stilph Enl U
"
Shellfish Poison
Stuph Ent D
Staph Ent A
Botulinum Toxin
Botu] inu", Toxin
Shellfish Poison
Staph En L B
She II fish Poi son
227
Or. C. Y. Kao
Departmenl of Ph"rllloJC()lo~y
Stale UnivGr:;i lY Ilr Nc" York
Brooklyn, New York
Or. Toshi karu Kill~ub.1ta
Department of Food Control
Nationill Institute of Heulth
284 KamiosoJki-Chojulllaru
Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
LCDR John C. Keesey
Naval Medical Research Institute
National Naval Medi~al Center
Bethesda, Maryland 20014
Or. T. H. Ken t
Walter Reed Institute
Walter Reed Medical Center
Washington, D.C.
Muurice E. King
I IT Research Inst~tute
10 West 35th Street
Chic<lgo, Illinois
Or. C. P. Kraatz
Department of Pharmacology
The Jefferson t1l:dical College
of Phi luuelphia
\025 Walnut Street
Phi ladelphia, Pennsylvania
Dr. Richard E. Kreig, Jr.
USAF School of Aerospace Medicine
Brooks Air Force Base, Texas 78235
Dr. K. Krnjcvic
MeG! II University
Department of Physiology
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
She 1 If ish Po i son
Shellfish Poison
StuI'll Enl 13
Botu! inul1l Toxin
Botul inul1l Toxin
Stuph Enl B
130tulinulll Tuxi"
Shellfish Puison
228
Dr. Fratlcis II. Kill}");)
Departmenl of Pliy~i(1lo9Y
Medic.,1 Ctlll,-,~lC of Soulh CLll"ofinil
80 Uilrre Street
Charleston, South C~rol ina 29401
A. Lachanse
Dcp;)r lrnent of IIHlu'. try & COlllllle,:,cc
Division of Fisheries
Parliamellt Building
Quebec Ci ty, CilniJua
Prof. Harbans Loll
Department of Pharmacology
University of Kansas
School of PhMll l,l<;y
Lawrence, Kansas
Dr. Cilr' LJ'l1ann<l
Deputy Chief & Scientific Advisor
Life Sciences Divisi(m
Office of the Chief of Rcsearch
and Oeve f opmcn t
Army Reseilfch Office
Washington, D.C. 20310
Dr. R. V.Lechowich
Department of Foou Science
Michigan State University.
East Lansing, Michigan 4~823
Dr. Chen-Yuan Ler
Natlonal Taiwan University
Departmtne of Pharmacology
College of Medicine
Taipei, .Tai~Jiln
Dr. J. S. Lee
Department of Food Science & Technology
Oregon State University
Corva 11 is, Oregon 97331
BotulinlJ'" Toxi"
She I if i sh Po i son
Staph Ent B .
Boluliilum Toxin
Botulinuill Toxin
Botu I i nUll! Taxon
Shellfish Poison
229
Dr. Klli III II. Lt~\·lis
Directur. Office of Fuuds & Nutrition
SCjC'lCl!~'
Food vnll Drug I\d"';llistriltion
Room 6001 - fO~ 8 Bldg.
200 C Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20204
Dr. Hartin ~ipkin
Departn~nt of Medicine
Cornell University Hedicill Colle9c
First I\venue & T\·,cnty-Sixth Stl'eet
New York, New York 10016
Mr'; Alfred fl. Loebl ich "I
Scripps Institution of Oceilnography
Dcpartl1lent of t1<lrinc (Jiolugy
Univcrsity of Cal i furnia
LaJollil, Cillifornia
Dr. Gertrudc D. Haengwyn-Dilvies
Department of Ph,Jrm,Jco109Y
Georgeto.m Univcrsi ty
Washington, D.C. 20007
Or. Dcan F. Marlin
Departmcnt of Chemistry
Univers; ty of South Florida
Tampa c.Jl1IpUS
Tampa, .Florida 33620
Dr. Richard L. t1,Jslilnd
Department of Neurology
Col lege of Physiciilns & Surgeons of
Columbia Univerr,;ty
New York, New York \0032
Dr. Wi I I iam O. McClure
Departn1ent ~f Chemistry (, Chemical Engineering
Biochcmistry Division
University of I I I inuis
Urbana, Illinois 61801
She I If i sh Pili ''''[1
BOLt) Ii IlUIIl Tux i n
~olu Ii lIunl Tox in
Cu I tu I'C - GonyalJ 1,1X
cillc:nc: J I,)
130tu I i nun' Tox i"
Shellfish Puisun
~u t u I i nUlil Tox i 11
Botulinum Tuxin
230
Ted HcColl<lltl
Dcpa r 1I11C'nt of [n 10'''0 I O<JY
University of California
Riverside, Cal ifurnia 92502
Or. Robert MclsuilC
Department of Philrr"ilcolo~JY
State University of New York at BufFalo
122 Capen Hi! I I
Buffalo, New Yo~k
Prof. A. I. /1cMu I I ell
State University of New York at Buffalo
Center for Theoretical Biology
4248 Ridge Lea Road
Amherst, New York 14226
Mr. John T. 11c,lCh<JIll
Food & Oruy AUlllinislraliol1
Public Health Service
850 Third Avenue
Brooklyn, New York 112]2
Dr. Ernes t fl. Ikycr
Department of Bacteriology
Universi ty of Oregon Medical School
3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road
Portland, Oregon
Dr. Paul Middaugh
Bac te rio I09Y Dcp"I' tlll(!n t
College of Agriculture LInd
Biological Sciences
South Dakota Stilte Univ~rsily
Brookings, Soulh Dakota 57006
Dr. Roberl Hi Iler
Department of Zoology
The University,
Glasgow, Englund W.2
Dr. Lloyd Moss
Stanford Research Institute
Menlo Park, Cal ifor~ia
Uulul illUIII Tuxin
Bo tu I i nUll\ Tox i n
Butul inulII Toxi"
Shcllrish 1'0isol1
l30tulinulIl Tuxin
St<lph Ent U
Shellfish Poison
llotul inum Toxin
231
Dr. Tushi,) /-I,lral"l,hi
Duke Univur~ilY Medical Cenler
Depart,"cnl of Phys iology [,.
PI1ilrmaco logy"
Durham, North Carol ina
Dr. K. V. Il,ltar"jan
Douglas Marine Slalion
Institute of Marine Science
P.O. Box 349
Douglas, Alaska 99824
Prof. C. L. Oak ley
Department of Bacteriology
UniversilY of Leeds
School of Medicine
Leeds 2, England
Dr. Torslein Oflebro
The Velerinary Col lege of Norway
Institute for Food Hygiene
Oslo 4, Norway
Dr. A. C. Baird-Parker
Uni levar Research Laboratory
Colwanh House
Shornbrook, Bedford, England"
Dr. Rodney L. Parsons
Departmenl of Physiology & Biophysics
The Un i ve rs i ty of Vermon I
Col lege of Medicine
Burl ington, Vermont 05401
Prof. Anne L. Pates
Department of Biological Sciences
The Florida Slate Universi ty
Tallahassee, Florida
Dr. Charles S. Pelty
Maryland Mcdical-Lega~ Foundation, Inc.
700 Fleet Street
Baltimore, Maryland
Shellfish Poison
Shellfish Pois()I1
Botulinum Toxin
She I I f ish Poi son
Stilph [nl B
(lotu I i nu", Tox i n
Botulinum Toxin
B0 Iu lin um Tox i n
232
Dr. J<)hn J. PllI'('rs
Food Scienccs li.lhurillory
Un i vcrs i I.y uf licur,) i il
Athens, Gcoryia 30601
Or. Venkatray G. Prabhu
Department of Phys ioloqy & Philrlllacology
Chicago Collc9c of Ost~opcJthy
1122 Eilst 53rd Street
Ch j cago, I I I j no j s 60615
Dr. Denjilmin H. Pringle
Northeast Shellfish Poison Laboratories
Naragansett, Rhode Island
Dr. John ViJn ProhilskiJ
Department of Surgery
950 East S~th Slreet
Chicago, Illinois
Dr. M. Purko
National Dairy Products Corp.
Fundamental Rcscilrch Laboratory
Research &. Development Division
Glenview, Illinois
Prof. Loyd Y. Quinn
Department of Dacter iology
Iowa State University of
Science & Technology
Ames, towa 50010
Or. James J. Rahal
1]1 Harrison Avenue
Boston, Milssachusetts 021 I I
Dr. K. R. Rao
Department of Ophthillmology
University Hospital
The University of IrMa
Iowa Ci ty, Iowa 52240
E. J. Ratajak
Charles Pfizer Medical Research
Laboratories
Groton, Connecticut
Stilph (Ill B
Dotu! inullI Toxin
Shellfish Poison
Stuph EnL B
Shellfish Poison
Dolu I i num Tox in
Staph fnt B
Botulinum Toxin
Staph Ent B
233
Dr. S,llllllly H. RolY
. Marine Labor,ll.ur)'
Texas A & H Univcr~i ly
Galveston, Texas 7/550
Dr. C. B. RC<3d
Sanitary Enginecring CCl1lcr
U.S. Public Hcallh Scrvicc
4676 Colu,"biil Par!<\·,ay
Cincinnati, Ohio
Gustavo del Rcul
Escue!a N<3cion<31 dc Sanidild
Ciudad Universilaria
Madrid, Spain
Or. Hordce Hccs
Dugway PrQvil19 Ground
Dugway, Ul<31184022
Dr. Edward Reich
Rockefeller University
66th Street & York RO<3d
New York, New York
Or. J. f. Re illy
Division of Pharll1<lcolo9Y
Bureau of Scienlific Research
Food & Drug Administration
Washington, D.C.
Mr. Hack Richants
DepartlllC?nt of Sea & Shore Fisheries
State of Main
Fisheries Research.Slaliol1
West Boothbay Harbor, M,Jil1c 01.574
Dr. Hans Ricmill1l1
Department of Public Health
School of Veterinary /1cdicil1e
Agr i cu I tural Exper iIIIcn t 51<3 t ion
Universi ty of California
Davis, Cal if~rnia
Shcllfi~h Poisol1
Slilph Enl B
Shellfish Poison
BulLlI i lIl1l11 Tux j 11
Shellfish Poison
Shellfish Pui50n
5he I I r ish Po i 5011
Shellfish PoisQI1
Botu Ii nUl1' Tox i n
234
Or. Willi" Riesl,l1
liT Rcse.'r<.:l, 111~lilule
10 WeH 35lh Slreel
Chi cago, I I I i no is
Or. J. Murdoch Ri lchie
ProFessor of Pharn~colD9Y
Alberl Einstein College of Medicine
New York, New York 10461
Dr. John W. Ritter
18534 55lh Avenue, N.E.
Seattle, Washinyton 98155
Or. Harlin Rizack
The RockeFe lIer U,Ji vcrr, i ty
New York, New York 10021
Or. Joseph D. Robinson
Department of Pharnlacology
State University of New York
Upstate Medical Center
766 Irving Avenue
Syfacuse, New York 13210
Dr. 'James R. Rooney
Agricul tural Exper illlent Station
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kenlucky 40506
Dr. Robert E. Rose
Hi 1li~ore Corpor~tion
Bedford, Massachusetts 01730
Dr. Findlay E. Russell
University of Southern Cal i Fornia
Laboratory of Neurological Research
Los Anue Ics COlinlY Hospi ta I
Box 32), 1200 North Stale Street
Los Angeles, CaliFornia 90033
Botul inullI Toxin
.,
BOlu Ii nUIll Tox i nllotul
inulil Toxin
ShellFish Poison
Botul inulil Toxin
Botul inulll Toxin
Staph Ent U
Shellfish Poison
235
Dr. Wililcr W. S.uller
Depilrt'II>Jnt of Puhlic Ib:Jlth
University of C~I ifornia
Davis, Californiil
Dr. Bernilrd P. 5i1lafsky
Depilrtment of Philrmacoloyy .
Col lege of Mcdl~inc
Universi ty of 1·11 inois ill the
Medical Cunler
Chicilgo, I I linois
Dr. J. P. Schmidt
Box 438
School of Aerospace Medicine
Brooks Air force Base
San Antonio, Texas 78235
. Maj. Diln i e I Sh~,)hi1n
Department of Experimenlal Pathology
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
Walter Reed Army 11cdical Center
Washington, D.C. 20012
Dr. Michi1~1 Sheff
Pennsylvania H05pitill
Ayer Clinical Laboratory
Eighth & Sprucu Stl'ccts
Phi ladelphia, Pennsylvania
Dr. G. 11. Shull
Charles Pfizer &- COI11f'any, Inc.
Eastern Point Road
Groton, Connecticut
Dr. Lance Sililpsun
New York State Psychiatric Institute
722 West 168th Street
New York, New York 10032
Dr. John 11. Slack
Dcpilrtlllcnl of I1lel'obiology
West Virginia U"iversity MediciJlCcntcr
Morgantown, West Virginia
Sl,lph tl1l U
Bc1lu 1i IHII'I Tux i 11
[lOlU I i nUll! Tox i n
Stilph Ent B
StJJ,lh Ent lJ
Bo t U 1in UIIl T(IX i 11
StiJph Enl B
Botul inull1 Tuxin
lJotulinum Toxin
236
Or. AI fred 1\. Sill; th
Oep,)rlll",nl "f I\nesthcs iolu~y &
Ph,)rfl1olCology
New York Medicol College
New York, New York 10029
Prof. Tholll,)S Slnyth, Jr.
Department of Enlo"lol()!!y
The Pennsylvolniol Slate University
11 Frear LaburatQry
( Universi ty Polrk, Pennsylvania 16802
Dr. Arporna SrilJhibhildh
Universi ty of Washington
College of Fisheries
Seattle, Washinyton
Dr. Richard fl. Steinhardt
Department of ZuololJY
Umiversity of California
Berkeley, California 94720
Dr. fl. tL Stock
Department of Hicrol>iology
School of Medicine
University of PittsburlJh
Pittsburgh,' Pennsylvania
Kazunobu Sugilwar.:l
Pharmaceutical Insti tute
Tohoku University School of Medicine
K i tayobanchD
Sendal, Japan
Dr. H. SU<Jiyul1l.:l
Food Research Insti tute
University of Wiscon~in
Madison, Wisconsin 53706
Dr. Geof<jc B. Sumyk
liT R~saDfch Institute
10 West 35th Strcet
Ch i cago, I I I i no is
Bulul inulII Tuxi"
..'
Butul inu'" Toxin
Shellfish Poison
Shellfish Poison
Dotul invlll Toxin
Shellfish Poisorl
SLap" EnL 8
Botulinulll Toxin
Staph Ent B
237
Dr. At~n D. T\~nn.llll
Bacterilllogic~1 Laboratories
Lilborillnry (If IIY~Jicnc
OltilW~ 3, Ontario, C~nada
Or. Frederick P. Thurbcrg
Depa.rtMCnt of Zoology
University of New Hampshire
Durham, NCI~ H~mpshi rc 03824
Dr. John C. T~ijl inson
Henry Ford Hos~il~1
Section On Cardiov~scular Research
2799 West Grand Boulevard
Detroit, Michigan 48202
Dr. B. T. Tozar
/1icrobiologic.11 Re~earch Eslabl ishment
Porton Down, Salisbury
Wi Itshirc, England
Mr. Warren Tse
Department of Physiolo9Y
The University of Wisconsin
Madison, Wisconsin 53706
Mr. Claude Turgeon
Departmenl of Industry &- Commcrce
ParI iament Bui ldings
Quebec City, Canada
Dr. Richard Tyler
Peter Bent Brigha", Hosf.lit~1
Neurology Division
. Department of Medicine
Boston, ~assachusetts
Or. Dennis W. Watson
Oepartn~nt of Microbiology
1060 Mayo Hemoria' !lui Iding
University of Minnesota
Minne~pol is, Minnesola 55455
She I If ish Po i Son
Shellfish Poison
130lUI inum Toxin
Shellfish Poison
BOlUI inulll Toxin
Shellfish Poison
BolulinuIl' Toxin
St~ph Enl /I
238
Dr. tlCl/llr.r ~J. \~,111,,~r
lov/a Slale Univel'si ly of Science &
Techno I ,.>g}'
Departn~nt of U~iry & Food Industry
Ames, Iowa 50010
Dr. Dean D. ~/all
Hi dloJ(!st Reseilrch I nsL i lUle
Kansas Ci ly, Missouri 64110
Prof. E. U. Weinberg
Deparlment of Micrubiology
Indiana University
Bloomington, Indiana 47401
Dr. Henry Wi 115
Albany '1edic~1 Colle'll.!
Albilny, New York 12208
Or. John F ••linn
Chief, Biological Reagent., Section
Communicable Dise,lse Center
Atlanta} Georgia 30333
Dr. Ben Wi IsDn
Vanderbill University
School of Medicine
- Department of Biochemistry
Nashvi lIe} Tennessee .1'"1:1,
r,
Dr. A. J. ~Jood
Biochemistry & lJilct~riol09Y Departments
University of Vicloria
Victoria, British Columbia
Or. Margy Woodburn
Foods & Nutrition Depat'tment
Oregon Stale University
School or f10llie Economi cs
Corval lis, Oregon 97331
Dr. Robert D. Yales
Department of Anatomy
University of Texas Medical Branch
Galveston, Texils 77550
BOlul inullJ Toxin
.,
Shellfish Poisun
Stilph Enl B
Boll.1 j nUll' Tox i n
Staph Enl B
Slaph Enl IJ
1J0tul inlllll Toxin
She 1I f ish Poi son
Shellfish Poison
Slaph Ent B
Staph Ent 1\
Butu I i num Tux in
Or. SUlIlnc" lack,
Ayer Clinic~1 LoboruLory
Penn th.sp' toll I
8th &- Spruce StreelS
Philadelphia, Pcnosylv<lnia
239
Ootu\inUIII Toxin
240
EXIUBIT 12
I:OIU(l;\(; fUND LWESllG,\lIONS (ll)
JUNE 1~68 - JU~E 1969
I June 1969
·.'f
"., ..
·,:i>/_:.~f(,:;;,·' 1
1.:5:';(':"/"
Spe~inl Oppratioo3 Uivisiun
CO>I!'IOUlTY lJtVELOI'Nl':NT lINU I:;:-lGINEtRING l.ABO\WfOR1ES
Fort Detrick
t"rcdericl<. Nllrylaml 21701
241
[DELETED]
(C) lhu C:-:;l,:·r.:~l S~r\'iCL'S Administrntilll\ .1nd Fort ll.'l.rie){ (,lll('J:(·d Lnto
a c.:o.:'p~trat~l,·~ project llJ investigate the vulncrllhi J jly or drinking
·.:~1tcr in r'.·d~nlt huildings to covert biologic"l Dtlnc:k.
(S) 1ft!:· n.::;tl.ll"(.' of tile lc~t Dlld :l SlIllJl:E..Il"}' or l"l~~1I1 l':i .11'(,' pr('!:l'ul cd herl~
b'~catJ:.;e or l"c·I ..It·.. c1 inlcn.'st Lo (Jorking Fund Invesl i::':I;_i_oll~;. Extellt ion
0f' the sr.u~·!y ('(Iulcl produce rcrin~ment· In test hanlw:ll·(' ;llld ('I1It'-:lllCl'd
?r.dictability of test results.
(u) I\ft~r consultation ,.;itb desi~n f'ogi.l1l.?crs i.n PlIhJi.e Hnilditl!:s .S<.'rvice,
·..hi,h is a rart of GS/\. tile Food and Drui; Adlllilli.strntit,,, 1\l1i I"jllr~ in
~rlShL"n6ton, ll. C,) \,,'US ::IclL:'ctcd for il1v,,'!~tiR<lli.l'U. Tile' {'nl'.illC'l~r:; a~sun.:d
us l~at th~ drinl(jn~ ,·,,,ter syst~m is typicnl o( th~t illst"ll"d ill '"O"t'n,
=ultistori~d structures.
(r) 'fh~ distrihuti\.ln of "hilled drinking "J~!l(.. [" ill tllv fl>.\ hllildi.Il:~
c.o';C'rs six. iloors aho\.'c ground. a hafo('m,,"nl itnd .1 ~~lIbb:I::;(·ll1i·Ilt'. }.ocnu.'d
~r. li," sllbbilSl"1C'nt Is a chill"d I<at('r lallk (,f ~hnllt 100 g.,ll,,"::. Tilt'
~i?in;: h"lds an .'slinl<,t"d &0 gnllons, bringln;; tl", rop:t,·", \,,1',,1 I"
~""Shly J.(,(l ,,,,,llon~. II punlp .opcrate·s cOlllil1UN1sly cirl"ul.,UIll; clli Ile'"
\;~lC'r fror" thil' tank to 55 dl:inking fO\lnta'ins on l\\(' l~jghl 'I-'ve)s in
th.· huildinr; by 1I piping nct\1ork that im'lud," lhl'~(' r;,;('r1; <lllcl five
r t.. t\\rn 1ini.'s.
RECr"'r" . 'I FROM
,Sf.fl " 1975
, C11\
242
(C) '1',·.'(, lr·~,C~; C'l·f(· r,l:lllIlI'd .1"" C':Hl'jt<,1 WIt. ill Ill,· 1"1>, l'/lildill::. 'I'llI'
fi!'!;l h'.l~; :t c1t.ll"."C!C'ri:l.;ltiOIl or fOlI:li) i,1/"i;.:.1l inll 1",0;1. III lllj·... "',',1,.
lWJ IlIitIJlill'f,': of {"nl;"h.,I'Y T~J \,1M' InLrodlll'l'd il\\n tIll' ddrll'll \.. :ll~r
t",d~ in lhe' :;\lbh;I~:('ll\('nl. Till' ('nlllll \-1:1)0 2./,:-: 101(1 p"1"Iif·I(,~;/lHt. (\1' <I
lutoll (If "\0'\ " 2./~ ~; 10 10 7.3 x 10 12 p"rl·iclc~;. Thirlt'('I\ allrl f'tllll'Lf'lillts
~'.r"""; of /;(I<!illlll \llip~Hll (Ilt:(~ in ~)n 1111 or \>I;lll'!' \.'1'1'" ;),1111,.1 lCI
t"l'tllflV\' in:,i I,.,hl,: ,'hlfI1')."I' lhnt HO\lld 1l;\VI' ('!l,'lrkly I~i llt·d lilt· t'l'\ iph:tgc'
l'fl',:lI\I;· 1';. S,ll'\plC'~; (If H"t:('T '"-'t-''"I' ,"nll~'c:t(,t1 .It :;(·\.'l,.-:1I ["Illlt.dl": "l
pC'ril"!lf'" jlll(·'· .... :,,~. l:c'cnvl'ril'!; 1n G:1mpll~!; Cldll,t'u'd Ih .., fjn;!, IlI11ll'
h'l'l<- lI11i [pl'lllly IIltll"" t!l;\n I ,: 106 Pilrl I.I:I(' ... /ml. Hl'lIlVClil:; ill !;"'·'1,J,·::
l'C'dll'l'((,d (lie !:d"/'Illd J\Il\lr \JPrt' l~rE.':ll(lr ll1;lll 1 )( )0'; 11:'rl if·}('li/ml.
'fl'~;l~ [Cl" ;lv,"'1i.lnhlc chlorfnC' h,'cnme !'(I5;.Li.v{,' !\'Ju "OUr.'; ,cftl'" "!,:lrl or
l('.';1 ~llld rite ('oliplJa(i.C' J"P,cov(!Ties QlIl.ckly dropped to y.f:ro,
(c) Till' ~;l'l'('nd l,/'!:l \,I:'I~; :l l'iI1lIlL1lC'c.l coven !l'::l.. TI\{' (·rdi.p1l;1;',l· H,I';
il,trullu('l'cl into tl,t' .!-:y!;tcm by .1 bllCk~IHl'sSl\rt' lcchnilpll' ill .1 llrilll·;in:~
fOllnlalll, This l!; Llll' ll'dll,iquc fl s.1!wlcur Il\il',hl IISC'. Nl'i.t\lt'r lilt'
b\l i 1 tli 11:', 1'('llIl,.1llll"; 1101' opt"r" l inl~ l"'Cl"HOlltl('1 \'/('t'(, .,dvi !:l'd tll:l1. :':;\1(·11 n
lL'sl \J:jC', 1l1;lllIH,d. He 'oJl'fl' not chLlllrllgcd ilTid i\Pll,lH'nlly UIHh'lITl,,'Il.
(C) 'l'lll' pt"('!;~:tl1'i%('u t'.11'I1l t1s('d to intrcHlttcr t\~~l"nl m:1I.('}'ial!; {'{l\ltaIO('{!
{IOO rlli.llilil<'TS or '1'-3 co\i'pl"'g('I ("'(HInt 1.5 x 1010 oq:;\lli";I1I';/I"l','lLll, nnd
lJ l;ran1!; of .!)ndiuHl t!li(l~"lrnl~ pf'lllilhydr.:lll' in l'iO Illl t\{ ""il("rr. Th,'
10("a I nlll1lh(,l" or col iph,'lgc particlct:i H,1~ 11(10 xl, 5 x 1010 or (, x IOl2,
JlCC.1U:;\' of lcun;('.,:; illl\(~rc:nl: in the ;C;i.IlItIJ.:tI.I'rl cov('1"l il I. l"c/;;, 0'//1 flirrt'<1,'H'
in 1H1l1l/'<:r (If col Jp!!.1gc p,1niclC's 1\0','.0; pl:llll1f'll; hill (H.. ill:: {n fiJll'"I.IUTlS
jH'r[Oflllcd ,1'<; <I .';.:lfrt)' il/easure, lill' cOllnl: lind t!('rrr,1scd i1l1l1 frHr',.
nrg<llli .... w,.. \"crr 11,<; I'll ill rhillJ~'ilgln(; l,}'" :;y:-lLf'lI'. rillhl'l.' III"n ;11) i.llt·l'{·;l,o,;C.
Onl'-!Jalf hULlr .,ftrl' introducing the np.enl 111~tcri:l1.f n't'llv('ri('~1 (If 1 ); lOG
nIH.! 8 x 10 5 pilrLic]c,tt/m\ '''(HOC. obtlltnl..'d. T\JO hC)\lrr. :lftC'l'st:lrl or lesL,
the :J.n,11ysi!.; ror :l\l:lilQblr chlorine \;laS pur-ilLvC', Living coLiphage
ol·ganis~ls were 1~il1cd qutckly.
(C) \h' ;11'(' nn"" ill the rrocl'!'i~ of <,vnl\lo1tinl" the rir.k j( A p:1lhogC'1l
h~ld hN'I\ \1~;(,<1. To do tl1i,:;, informal.ioll i.,. n('t'(lt~d on c(lmpnl'ihi.lil)' o(
~(1<HUlll 11d{1!,ulf.lle i\l1d pnLhogcll, infC'('.li.vily or loxicity I1f p"thog('1\
by the' 01',1] rOllll'. rc!'i!;1.1ncr~ of pathol;CI\.!'i to .uvi\il:lhlc! chlori,IlC', :lIld
on ('.l,.;C el[ pr(lllllCinr~ pnt.hOgt":hS i,\ hjr,h C'(,nC:C'l1traUUI1 in tilt' l:dmr.1l01"Y.
It i~: :lppnrl'1l1 tll:ll .1 number of pathor.,C'llic Ofl~:I11bi1hf, ;11,,1 to}~i\IS i\n'
n\',1i L,h/(, (ll th~ ~nhol(,llr in planning .\n ,;ttUIc:k nG,'ill~t U 8('leclcd
~1·0Ull {If 1:'I'I~pl (JPI·'lo{lncl.
(c) 1\ llJlIl"u!IJ.,:h .';Ililly Let ))('jng ('(l!I!J'JC/'C'r) to :J'""'J'JIlhlr' nIl ilv;lilillJlr.
11.11" fl'IlIJl "'!lith or;11 (ln~;(' or agl'nl:; (':,11\ 1H' dt>rivt'd.
D'I) r'
SEp . ROM
4 1915
C/ II
243
('...} r:'~':;1 ji::li.t~'d C:Clnsldt"Li(lU ,·.'ith dt:3i:',n (·"~'ill"t·,·,:, il ~:l1l'1uld 1,,_'
p""lbJ" t) {:, .dol' (.iIllP·)t' 1:"ld"lilll"S fur 1'1","lillr~ IIIl illl",,\,'Oll "
~:r~"·.q.l "r JI(~o;)I~' tl.'ilt. "lurk. ill a huildill~: (~"Il!;tl'lI("t'(1d \lilll ~1 (·jn.:'''''II"ing
C"hi Lltd dr;:1:,~i.I'5 \,':"l~r f.:}'stf:m. Th{l t;qjdel il1f'l-'; \/(lIl)cl i.l1dj(,~II·l\ 11:)'..: I:iltch
i'.,t·:l::,,~:,;·pi(" n:,'·:.'nt lIud ho\-.· much t.odhlill lhif'~~\.Ill':'l.t· tu In:c' ill ;1 ~jl"c:i fic
h·,::<I:".".. t;".-Y-l(.-t:l'l I.n(ol1llillioll III [{.ur c"[l";:ol'ir'" j:; ,til IJ,,·
rei ~ ,; l i.l: r 1~~~~'cI.:i:
:. :;,,·,1,,·[ of ll>lllll.linN in Lllilrltnr;
2. "':i·:·'\·~:·~inal('· loUtL' Clnol'" nrc'a and IYlrl" or ~lClivjt}'.
3, '\j'r-f:>:·:irllltt' 1I1111l~l"r of {·mplo}'l'pc;.
4. ...·:ailabl.c chlurine cont"nl (If "';ll"r o:uI'1'1)' at lillie o( 'llla"k,
H(.·;:th·:!r cud cti.:~;ILe jn the l~ll-g('t "1"(';) m"1Y need ("0 hl' cPlIsid('l"(·d jll n
sr~ci~ir s{t.l1ntiO;l.
[DELETED]
'ECFl1/F I) FROM
S€P " 191j
C11\
244
EXHIBIT 13
Spedel Operatio". Dlv1lion
·toxl~ Invantary
Stor~Be Arl!a RrcOl1l1l~n(lotlon
Pornlytic Shellf1lh
'fu"J n (XIII)
ShelH1.h Toxin· A
(llr-llr1ed)
fihollfl.h Todn A
(CJ~",)
80(\ll1m\l11\ Toxin (A)
(Non-l'\Ir1f1ocl)
IIntulimu,o Toxin (D)
3 tnph Enterotoxln (I)
(rIWA)
1'0..lyt1c ShoUUoh
'roxin (Cla",)
0.2 ,raID'
0.01 gro...
0.01 gran,.
265 g...... ".
130 ml 2., gro...
20.0 grom,
2,057 1I\jl'
Soh RID 22JA/1412
Sdo RI1I 223A/1412
Slif. RIll 223A/1412
Deep Freez. I~ 223/1412
Refer RIll 223"'1412
Dup F....ze RIll 223/1412
11m 223A/1412
Sob 172C3/1412
Reuln
lI.totn
D1IP088
Ditpo8ll
Rouln
aotdn
notoln
JUU
,,/~~ ./ .__.
DECLAS3[-Y on---7-~ :l.J_
Class1f1.d by_____ ~~~fI:._~.04i/.v..~--.
S nlo~dvi.or to the
General Counsel, OSD
245
APPENDIX
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
W"'SH'NGTON,D.C. Z0505
~6 September 1975
The Honorable Frank Church, Chairman
Select Committee to Study Govern~ental Operations
With Respect to Intellige~ce Activities
United States Senate
Washington, D. C. 20510
Dear Mr. Chai~man:
At the proceedings of your CoOmmittee on the morning
of 16 Septemher 1975 I may have conveyed an impression
which I did not intend. If by chance you or other members
of the Committee got a similar impression, it is important
that I clarify the record now, since it might affect your
line of questionillg of future witnesses.
When I was being questioned as to the destruction of
certain CIA records I was thinking of the question in its
broadest context; namely, drugs, bacteriological agents
and chemical agents. I thus answered that there were
indications of record destruction in November 1972.
I realize that most listeners might have inferred that
I was indicating that records rolating to the CIA/Ft. netrick
re~ationship, in particular, records relating to Project
MKNAOMI, were destroyed. The facts are these: records
relating to CIA's drug program in general were destroyed in
January 1973, but there is no evidence that records of
Project MKNAOMI or of the CIA/Ft. Detrick relationship were
destroyed, other than possibly as included in the Reneral
group in January 1973. I would appreciate it if you would
advise the other members of the Committee to this effect.
I also referred mistakenly to a memorandum between former
DCI Helms and Or. Gottlieb regarding the destruction of records.
This was based on a misunderstanding which occurred during
my hurried consultation with Dr. Stevens. We have no knowledge
of any such memorandum.
Sincerely,
R[CEIIi.
SlP Hi lM5
r' .' IV U\
6-£/l~ W. E.~bY
Director
o

Go to Next Page