CHURCH COMMITTEE REPORTS

424
the AttorneY. .Gene-ca1.as.1.!!. .!J!h.e.t.her..}ie_j$ .. i~ aw:een.en~ r;;it;1l ,the
nurcair's-i;onccpts of the detention program ana Secunty Inc-ex
staiidarcs as out1 ined in our memorandum t·o J!r. Peyton Ford
dated June 28, 1951. The nenorandum of October.15, 1952, is the
r.lemorandum which 111'. l1a10ne brought up at the staff meeting
in the Attorney General's Office on November 6, 1952.
~VATI2J!.:
A1~our ~lanS-LcU:__c!!L.§.El.~-'0C.!b._tpl!-~.".~ ..J1~e. e;r:£~llsi ve,
in co nn~.an--utit1J_t!l..e_d~t~.n.~lE.Tl_p~"nger()us __.ndl u.H:uol s .HI.
time-o] an energenclJ are based..Jll!.on.-!.!!.~.:t.!:~t_C.Pj.Ql!L(;;.()!~g.~in(lsi in
the .Depar.:tment.'s.. I'..or.tfol i o. Thore. are. conta.in.elLaJ:lQNJ. tile
19;:W7 inrl i uicf.'!..(J.L~J~.!L!.!2..2.ur...•Sf!c.!'.r.j.PY. I'}.c!.e.J:..Y!-.Lnames Of
ma-'~Y-l)_~!'§£!ls...!:,:,hom.we_con,s l.Oer. s/ange.ro.l}s ..bu.t: .liJiIP. do. not fall
~ wi tJJ.(Il_YJe ..!>.tanG.ards se t. Lor: t.ll ..i.n_.tjt?J!.Ite r:nal ..S.e.cur.~ty Act
o/. 1950. IL...1!te Department ~II.QJI)d3.1~(;;.:1.,-f;.ILpr.ocec.g.under ..t~is
JII:"i-'{t woulr.: mean that in reuis ing our plans manypeoplC'
w~cirT.'i~w_£nclE.C!f.cT"Y,:~iJ)jr:;Sii9uirt£)nd~=.·a"s' potentfa1i y
dang"c.!.o~s to. the_intern.a]..-:;e.curi.ty._woulc,.necessarilll....hq.V.l; to
~ exc1udlid thereJ):Q..m.
The fact that the Interr.al S.e.Q..lJ,.r...it" A2j;_.2.Lb~:;O
dQ.f..§_n.Q:t. ..P.z:9.J.ti.de..J..Q:r_su..sp.e_n.sJq.1L.Qf_1;.lJ~.Jir:tp_of. Habeas Corpllll
wo u1d-P..r...Qve:....a.•.de.f-i!l i.t e_ll.ind x:.a nce_tQ._t. h.e ••!!. ,Ill!.:i!;p'j~orCld-'nec eS sa r y
meQ.sure s ..to.. b.e ..taken.•.in ...the...e ue.n.t..2f.•.a.'!-..lt.mer.a.e.ncy..betca'u~e Of
lc;,,;tfiy litir.ation which uJould no dOllbt result and ore::;ents'
t~ss.io{lity-.tiic~-.do.ii9·erous-inqTv~(cuci[s:ii~g.h. tobt~tii' release
j'For,i -c·iijlJn.c.J7:cn"t.ptjrJc.i.ng heerings in their cases;-···'tiie-·--·Depa\
tnent ~ LPJJti,J.ol io "p;.ou·JJt~~s '~h'c.r t.h..e s£=-p"erE_o.n.s_s_':.a.1~ .be
co n!.~'!.1!..e_tf..-~_n.~.~ t;e.!1:t(CL.'1._l!.'l.1d_Lt/l.ILi.c-C.a..S~.!..£.':..L!i.!Lc..i.E7.!!...!!.ythe
Boaras oJ Reulew. -"-".
The 1~.LIJ1:.J1Jl.iIl.i.o.n.in..:the-A.c:t...f..Q.r_!ll£C!? ure s to be
tak.e!!.i.'!. th§ ..f!.Y.§ r.t_oJ._threa t.eIted..J.!lvc.sj.on.. pr:e.c.l.udes_the
Pr_e.!_i..~~n:rJ.r.o."!~~ki,!~.ac~i ~-':. a.Q~ ins_t_p.ot.~.'!t~al!!!_9.an!Je.!..ous
P!J:.§_QIl.;; prlor to an actual lnll!L~, lnsurrectioll or decl.cration
0/ war.
- 9 -

425
The apparent lack of prov.s.on in the Act.for searches
and for confiscation of con"rcband would'be a.def.n.te deterr~nt
to our operations in that we would be unable .0 search the
headquarters of subversive organizations as well as prem.ses
of ~an9crcus indivi~uals for contrabcnd~ Such contraband
woul~ under the Ac~ apparently be left .n the control and custody
of persons who could use it against the interests of the
Government.
The pro vis i on in the_4ct._P)19.t.Jiu.Lim i.nOrlL ..h.earings
are to be held within~[a-nours after the s~bjects' ay.£r~~J~~jon
or as soon thereafter as pr'ovTsionsfor such hearings may be
made coul d .E.La_ct:...Y:--!..~!!:...i:-0'Jy.e--.:timL'l.l emell·L.YPIJ.n •.t!Le..-Q.Q.vgnmen t
wh ich woura in te r J:.e...te._w i t!l_.Q.uF--SJ.I!.P..I...ehe!!..~i.J.!!.....'!...f..!o.!"~s.
The fC!.rtJJl':lt s 1'.b-Les.~PPJ..9..IJLrul§0.n.(!EL"P.!l..e_.!>.ct
wQJd.sL!Y1J!.s;.-:llJ.e...-r.i.:.J..h:L-D.f.-..a,14:c.J:.l. to the courts and ~.'!:
appears that the rules of evidence wOltl.r!- app).y_crf!!!;...t!t.J?.. a'!.!J.Ti.lJ:er
oDStu'cle-rn-~e--Co-ue'i-n'rijent'3·waY-(7i'··fhat in.•.orda_ tf).•p.bta in .
conti'n'uec! deten':;;{on '~i Fe ;,soniC.(o.§r.-sl.c!~jed.-EE-np'e"r:.g_u..LIL~~_~a·!J,
in m9:!':.!L.i'!.!! :t..a.n.c;.e.~~_ .(J.~ ve_J ().aT~c.1.£l.se_.tile--.J..9.e.n.~.i:.:1f.i.e/L_o;:,-o. ur
inE!:.mr:.n~s a:,!! ...£0~J.: !.':!e.!:.t.iaJ. ...techll.iqu,es. Til~L..9L~s~.L!!.E!!ld
be....::J.a tal -61 o <.!I t.o_Q.L!L...§.lf..C!.8.eJI ue.L.:Lr;..f!.o.!'.P.'!_t'!... ..Tr.!!:.i.!.~!:!!J:.!Lc..qy;.§.!"a ge
Of subvers i ve act i ILtllis d.~.r:.iJ1..!L.J;M._(!5'.e.J:.I1f-".2Jj.
While, for' the reasons outlined above, I rirrf'.1y
believe ·that the illterr.cl iiLcJX.i:J;.JJ.....9Lt.h.L..C:.9.lwtr..y.....c.o.u.J.s!,_.b.e.st
be~1!!cted in the time of an er.ergencu if we proce.e.(1..unde7"
tJlft.:iilii.TiS".sc ~ .Jor·7;li~~r:.='f;iie:~])ep·o.-rtliJ·e·n t2 s,Joi:~J.'q} i o'~'-:( .d~ Jl'?t
believe that it is desirable that the Bureau go on record with
r~Vlc~:r-[Qjjs to-tile'7:eDO:.rJ.r"en{:'C2. 11.9£.f.1)j_l!:i..t.B~::-ryi:::{{c r:---The
DePQJ:..1::!2GJJ.t.:__~J:.'2!:..Y·..2.Li..2._ c.2!'.!F..~,!§_q..J.l-'J:n....J...q !'.....!.he•..s.u.8'pen§_ i.o.1J.. 01
thfl-lED:P....9L!!.q.b.eas.. Co.r£/f,s...ilJr..fc h.._.w.Ujh ou t..~q~est.i on...u< i1l..Ju:.. a
hJrJ.hly contro.vers ial subject..and.•wql.. .u.ncioub.tedlY.•c:o;!,-se
considerable debcte. in the event it is ever openly proDosed.
Otheraue.s U'!Ll.!LJl!:t P_iJE._c'<::-" .s.e C~~ .~~if"~h:lI...·ri;:X s.,::n et;e.sTci-"-V,- t 0
P7"~.cyd .uncj.er:.•a.plan. devised .. by ..the...JjepcJ:.tment.. 0/ Justi ce
ID~ there ." a lall) on the sta..tE:!l.'!-.b.rJ..E.k.~....IJ.~~'.i.cj::_o.s.i!..'!.sJ!!.ly
CO..!!.~..Lt.lJ.lL:JJl.r.t'..Q§.e.jor.JJhjc.il_the.. -Eepa!:.J.."'-e~.t..'.~"p.lan_w~.s.se1.. up
to hcncle. A cecision as to DroCeartre in tile et~'!.Ei..2L.2-n
eme.r.Ii!!..n.9.y.J:L.cl.e.ar.11Lthe_r:....e. sp..o.r:.~j bJ!:.iJ,Y..2f...J.he_Depa r tm en t.
The "De..Pl'rtm!t..n_t.:..s......Por.:t/ol.io_hcs... b.~el)_ de vi sed by the-Dco'",i:tment
.and w,!_.h.o,ve::"o_D(!r..ated_uIUie ~tho.~e .instrucT(o·ns"-/;o'iiZite: ..... ,lny
't.~ ,·de.£i.tion,-,c..s...1;.O-a......Iile.:tJw.c!._of__o12.eLQ.·UQ.i..~whr;:t)ier....i i"5;'- unde r 'th"e
..... ])~{J..a. r.~meTlt~ 3.. Po. r.tf01 to ....o 7"__ uncl.e r...:the...In t er.;;aj~);cc~r-.-r..ty~..!r~·-r
01_19,:)0 tS c).~tiy-c....J::At.ter_ta....be_c!ecicf.ecby the Attorney
Ge~'because it is concerned wi th·'·!t·igii.-Co·u·errime';lt"pol icy.
I ..., I
- 10 -

426
Ob~JY -the '2~r.9-T..!'!!..~Jl.t;._(LIf.§.§ ...!:-9,!..w.p:l1,Lt:o. _'pe·
placer! in c-o.Q£U;)...9.r",_()..L.i)!J.vinrL_SJ.ctc,c!.th,?:~ i.t._is,JlOt going
topcy attention to the Illternal.iec!lr~tlJ.J1ctof_l950. They
hcvc-r.edrJi:'rj-·in ·'til-{s··;;:atter in'''the' past and it is to our
in tc..Efu,Lt!l.C!.."t....YlfJ.p;:e.lue-::-rtfjii:Jner;j· ci.:'P·o-S'itiua- e xjm! ss ion
of.E.F.!..2..v.a..l_..2f~.9I1r.S_Oll~f!P.tsof. the.. j:;,.1ergency JJctention Program
and our concepts Of the standards for including individuals
in the Sec~rity Index which is tantamount to scheduling these
persons for apprehension. I bc~~~ that ~C__Sl12~1~-s_~~~inue
to c..allJor_'?-._posi!:....~_v..'!....2..1j!l.J.E.r3nLt..Jr:.Q.r.!'-t-'!.e_J;epq,~:t.rr..qantnd ~
we should under no circumstances I,w;,e any. cOTr."dtments re!7a,ding
the de..§.l!:cb(,Ut1l-oJ"::J'i.i:Q0L~(!Iil§:jiii(!ti~~"i(le"J;'!.~r"i/eiiciJ.:-:p"diiontn
Pro gram ar un cfE:...1Ll..!!-.L~:.n..C!.L~e._q ~-" i .tV..4d't ,0/..1950.
Mll..QE:'
<f If you agree, there is attaci:ed IlerlJto a memoranculII
/ to DeRUY..1LAHs.rr:e y Ge ne ral i/o ss L. ]!~Tor.e;-.j';::-;StO:tiiio·-our
po~..i.:t[Q7! an d r eJLl!ep}iYi9, ..-t.n-,i·C"iii:e:.:.liui:cci..u:.kc••a4 vi se.cLo/._'Ch";
Depa r t !!!P..!JtI;.!..~.~$,~DD.....i..A.-tll.:j,:;_TIJ9,t!i,f!.r •
.:. 11 -

427
EXHIBIT 26-2
OjJice lv1cl:bur ;;Y"Y~' t?J1, UNITE[
(\
1, , The Director, Federal Bureau of Investi{;ation
FROM The Attotne;)' General
SUIlJCCT: PECG!c~:'~ FCr; A?F,,~El':SIO::<tllD rETFlITI01! OF
PERSCFS CO';Sn:Li-~r ?':'EiITIHLI r:;;:CEF:OUS
TO THE r;ATicr;;,L r;:j·E'."SE A:'D HELIe SAFETY
, OF THE mITSD ~,;,;(rr:s.
DATE:: November 25, 1952
'.
Referenco is made 'to mv mer:orand= of OCtober 8, 19$2,
rn?rovlD&..t·he-:-:-i·tc.ndards used.- by ;)·';i:;i·-Hilri:-au-ior·the-li·stinc of
nnn,cs of individuC11s in the Security Indcx, and to your subsequenCme',:;
oNr,du.Cl of Octoter 15. ,'. . . . . "---""" ....... b • ..
Pursuant to the questions which ;liOU ha~e raised in the
latter memorandu:n. I Hish to assm'e YOl1that it is the tepart~
cntl sintGntio!1 in t.he -;;::CI~t"of elr.ergen~y to proceed under 'the
:r-F~::;-r?~· ~~ _.0'-.t.:1; n80 i.n t.hp. T'.c!'lart~en£ t;; Portfolio inyol<.in;: the
~.t_~dards. r.o\-: used. .T.hi,s _D~proval; of cOlll'se, :i)}~.ic.a.!-_e§~_asr.:etmE.
n.t_\9-th your Eureau' 5 co.'1cepts of the retention Progr2m and
Ithc £ecuri ty lndex stand2.r:::s as outlined in you!' ",~",orandum of
~une 26, 1951, to fonner ncputyiAttorney Ganeral "'.
I
,
fBI

428
EXHIBIT 27
TO : Director, Fe<l~ral Bureau of InveGti[;/Ition I:
F~(O}r;1/~>,)/I-!Halte,r Yeagley, ACGi5tcut Attor""y Gencr'lJ L! (~ Internal Security Division
!/
SUDJIlCf: l!ATION OF I:;U\I,\
nnrmllAL S;'ClJRI1"{ - llOI
DATE: Soptcl&bor
!
This is in reply to your memorandum to the Attoruey General
dated Septemher 9, 1960, inquirinr. about the pOSSibility of prosecutive
actio" against the leaders or designntion of the captioned
organization w1der provisions of Executive Order No. 10450.
the av"ilable evidence concernin(\ the activities of the
leaders and n,crnblors of this organization falls fur short of the II ~y'~_del,l~iaEY" rc~,';.r:ments s.~ffici':'~t to me.:.t··~.li·~-~ii:~i,~ar~,;..~et=-~or!h
in the Y<ltl)S. (l ~C1..'1:; t..l'\;;-1-lliI.ltrtha loaders of tbe i~OI at tl.l'"ICS re- I
'~o~t t~~u'i:~ or" v·irulcnt and vicious language which I-Iould incite
the D~mbers to individual sets of violence against the white race,
it is more calculated and desi:ned to arouse hatred and antipathy
against the ~;hite race as a race, rathe'r than a!lainst the Government.
There is evidence of hug..";;e which speaks of the destruction of
America. but is couched more in terms of prophecy Md prediction,
often referring to the '~:9r of Annageddon," than in terms of incite·
ment to action. l!oreover, the First t.mendment would require
11.
something more than Im1guilg" of prophecy and prediction and implied
threilts against the Government to establish the existence of a '
clear and present danger to the nation and its citizens.
. ; ~
i:!) II SEP~960
(,',
(1(11'11:'0- r.~I}·llil(: ~
lit! ~II l.l~ i1
Regarding designation of the NOr pursuant to the provisi~
II of Executive Order 10/,50, it is our opinion that hate-language em~
ployed by the org<lllization's leaders is not probativeof the ,criteriil
of "subversive" nor is it sufficient to estilblish the llOI to be an
orGanization "••• seeking to alter the form of government by .'
unconstitutional me<:ns." _AlthOUGh there' is substilntial evidence of
lWI's advocacy of future violent reprisals for alleged wrongs COlUmitted
against one or more of its mcmbers, the evidence is IIinsufficient at this time to meet the criterion that it hilS adopted
a policy of advocating or approving,the conmission of such acts
of violence to deny others their constitutional ,rights.
I c. c. Ilf.-fo ~.J.,) REC- 30
/11.... i l-•.('1 i.,~t T,~_ '
., I .l,'J., ,,~: 1" ::
")j;ie-- J'"
I'.~/('. . .. (//3.1
I,' II'Jl!~'\(~\"-"""
'.I" r" 1"--
)~'''':\i' .

429
Review nnd evaluatfbn of the inform~tion funlifihcd by
the Bureau is bein:; continued with II viel' tOHal:d prosecution or
dcsicnation. l1orcovcr, because of the scmi-s~~crct .:md violent
nature of thic organization,. and the clJntinuing tendency on the
part of some of its leaders to use lancu~ce of implied threats
tlgain~t the GoVc.rnr:lc'nt, it is requested that the 13Ul:CD.U continue
its invectigation of the Nation of Islam and its leaders.
-2-

[Just stalling! -- K]

'.
434
EXlliBIT 30-1
." , '.' " .
'-1" If.' 'ol(It' ,.,.'1 •
UNITED 51':\1'r.5 ( 'ER:>:ME:\f
·····Menzorandzun
TS-J : DIRECTO,R, FBI
~ROM : SAG, CIN.,p.Nr..~n. (I~)
.,t, \\ f(1\., (, I.., ~-.. I. ' I '. -'.,.-'/,•" • • I
\~~JEC;: .COUNTER I ~:TELI .:iESci-pi\(X;nAl,i'·-----·-...----,
(-l,) IS _ DISRUPT' IN Of TilE NEW LEFT
\ ~\ ,"'\ ... , "
R. 3ulet to Albany, 5/10/68.
~TP
I
All SA personnel responsible for the investigation
of the New Left and Key Activists in the Cincinnati Division
havo been alerted to the Bureau's Counterintelligence plans
relating to these groups and individuals.
• rietailed analysis of potential Counterintelligence'
action a~ainst i':ew Left organizations and Itcy figures in the
Cincinnati Division has been ini~iated with the following
results'
Primary areas of New Left activity in the Cincinnati
Di vision terri tory 'are Antioch Coller,-e, Yellolv Springs. Ohio;
Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus. Ohio; and throu~h the
Cincinnati Committee To End the War in Vietnam and Cincinnati
. Action for Peace at Cincinnati, Ohio.
ANTIOCH COLLEGE
YELLOW SPRIl\GS, 01lI0
The center for New Left activi"!:y in the Cincinnati
Division area is believed to be Antioch College, Yellow Springs.
Ohio, and the community of Yellow Springs itself. For a nuober
of years individuals from the college and the town bave been
a part of the New Left vangUard.,.
. ,!,CT
Antioch was a~ong the fir~t COlleges to have a CP;
USA speaker on campus shortly after the party stnrted this
program. Other speakers have apoearec! 011 campus on beh..lf
(2)J-DZ1~~~ (RI.1) ,
i-CinCinnati REC 5
(4)
., ': r~ '.~ .,'
., .... :".:

435
ir;'~t.r..JCLI!\\.'•\.... In} I'-If~\(J'~j'';1
~:rt' ~ i~15
CI
{
of the Socialist \'Iorl:ers Party (SWP) , Young Socialist Alliance
. (YS~). Fair Play For Cuba Committee (FPCC). Students For A
Democratic Society (50S), as well as Black Power. Antloch
students or~anized a draft resistance protest group following
5DS leadership. This group led a demonstration at Cincinnati,
Ohio, on 12/7/67, during which larl;e numbers of participants
brazenly defied law and order, resulting in the arrest of
over 85 of their number, and causing the disruption of the
orderly activities of the city for several days. In other
protest-type demonstrations of a national character, Antioch
~nd Yellow Springs have been represented by numbers exceeding
thoir enrollment and population.
Antioch is a small, privately endowed liberal arts
and science colleGe, with a total avcrftge enrollment of about
1.80'0. Yellow Spring'S, home of the college. is a vi,llar,e or
about 4 ,200 peopl~, 18 miles east of Dayton, Ohio, on Highway 42.
Students attend college for three months, after which they leave'
the campus to work' at one of a large number of ar,encies and
companies which cooperate wi th Antioch. in this program. The
student body is purposely diverse. In 1964 - 1965, students
caie from 49 states, Washington, D.C., and 18 forei~n countries.
The current president of Antioch is .r;\/,lES PAYSOX DIXON, JR ••
born :3/15/17. at Portsmouth, New llanT}1'S'hirc>l lie is a medic.. ..:
"doctor; recei\'ing- his deI;ree in 1939 from Harvard, and in 1943
an /.\.5. del\'ree at Columbia. lie interned..at Boston City Hospital
durinG 1944, and for the most part since that time has held
administrative-type positions. He has been connected with the
Rockefeller Foundation. lie served from SUrl\'eOll to medical
director, U.S. Public Health Service, 1952 to 1954, nnd was a
member of the National Advisory Council in 1960. He has been
p'~e~ide~t of AntiOCh Col1e~o since 1959.
As an example of 'DIXON's attitude, dUI'ing 19G7, two
Antioch ColleI;e students were arres~ed attemptin~ to smu~~le
Illarijuana into th/'!: U.S. On public disclosure of these facts,
DIXON held a convocation at the college during which as a
,riedic,'11 doctor. he attacked narcot ics con trol laws in General,
and challenged the idea that use of marijunna was harmfuL
- 2 -

436
Cl •
Antioch prides itself greatly on a "highly intellectual'~
and, .iacademic, scholarly environment."
Actually the campus is most often run by a small
group of militants that are permitted by colle~e authorities
to attack every segment of ,\merican society under the
semblance of being "highly intellectual."
Anyone visiting the campus doubts its "academic,
scholarly environment" becat\se of the dirty anti-social appearance,
.and behavior of a large number of students can be seen to have
the fullest "beatnik image."
Yellow Springs follows the lead of Antioch. It has an
overabundance of self-declared "intelld'ctuals," whose morals
and babits are nlso anti-social.
. The col'lege and Yellow Springs havo- been virtually
,,~,:-;._!-:-tj /)1'[ !"ru.1 '- : i ~!y to}' (.1~!!~!"~. ~:'~'i~::~~ ::::::~::::,,:.:::, _
college newspaper protests the appearance on campus of a
representative of any investigative agency or military agency.
Local newspaper editorializes against any logical support or
police agencies.
RECmnlP..'DATI 0:-1:
Cincinnati recommends that Counterintellir,'cnce
action be taken to expose the pseudo intellectual image of
Antioch by the following:
1. Review files at Cincinnati to identify 30 to 40
former students who were militant campus leaders.
2. Set out leads to other offices to discreetly
determine the achievement of these individuals since leaVing
Antioch.
3. Continuin~ this method, identify a significant
nU,mber who have attended Antiocll, and have a low achievement
record as shown b~ pUblic source m~~erial.
4. Furnish reSUlts to
"Cincinnati Enquirer," a newspaper 01
- 3 -

437
or ~"Ir"'" ·I·-;·:::i·~·
r(~.\,( 1'1 t.Ll ,L,·. ".i
~!.r 5 2~7~
ex
general circulation at Cincinnati, Ohio.
SAC contact. AGree~ent would be mnde with
material in n article questioning whether
"highly. intr .lectual" and whether students
receiving a quality education there.
'is also an
I to use this
Antio·ch is in fact
are, actually
Following publishing df the article, give
wide nnonyn us circulation of copies to pnrents of current
students identified from student directories. Also circulate
copies of the article to members of the Board of Directors of
Antioch and to the personnel directors of all businesses that
are a part of the Antioch co-op plan.
DESlnED RESU~ OF ACTIO~:
Forc~Antioch to defena itself as an educational
institution. Force attention on activities on the Antioch
C::l_~Pl1S ')y tn'? pflr':'!'!":~ 1J.'~0 ?!-e E~nd~~~ !!~c:.:' =~il::::'~:: t::; th::
college for an education, Force the Antioch administrators to
curtail the nctivities of those students who spend most of their
time enga~ing in anti-social activitY,protest demonstrations,
and affiliation with subversive groups.
Cincinnati will take no action on this recommendation
until it has been reviewed at the Bureau, and authorization is
received.

438
EXHIBIT 30-2
( ...\ ""
",1.1 ,,/ . .' .
, \'
SAC, Cincinnati
Dil'ccto1'. FDI
Rcurlc'~ G/3/C3.
G/IC/GG
;
I -'
~ -
NOTE CO:ITIlnn:;n PAG:': TT:O
,.J
o
AuthOl'it~, is ~i'antcd 101' you to dirJcrcctly
c1etcrr.llnc the ~:"c~cnt ".'!Jcrc::lJout:::; ~nc1 acco;·.:~')li::-;hr.~C!1t5 of
indivitlu~J.~ \":lJO ":orc uilit~llt l(;~dcrs <1uriJ)~ tli0ir collcac
dallG at !,ntioch. t.ftCl' tiJ:1.5 !l::G ucen' <lctCl';'!lucd. yon 5hould
5ubl~i.1; the u:ncrial r..::ich rOll r;i~;h to :'::"l':11sll friendly nows
ucdia to thc J-Ul'cau ior approv::"l.
!_tG)
nOTE:
13ulet 5/10/03 instructed all offices to subr.it
su~acction!) rc~~rdip.~ potcati~l cO~lntcrJ.ntclli~~cncc action
acaiust the Iicr! L·J.it. CI O::f:!.cc cu!,:';c!;tccl th:lt it C!O n
study on for~cr nilitant ntudcntc Iced ern vho orc nov no
10n(;C1' in collcGc to dctcrl:linc ":hethcr the5c stl-dents h::vc
!~j .J•.•.
I "5 H'~"'~~'):
:, 1.:i.)U ,t. '1/
1\ '

442
Thj~; pl:lll YJill at fi:'st cnusc confusion nnd suspicion
I wi thi n tile ))1'1' ~,I:c1 Y:ill C~l1se a tin:c-col'lc;uninc: scnrch for t::<:l
sCG,;cr of th'J tc~,~~:,-~.;. Even niter Oal:lnnd denies sendinr> tile,
tC'lc~.-;-nm, sc.-,') I~:'? r:""bcrs ,':ill IC:lr poisonin<; by elol:::!tcd fcoel
nnclt::c ,J'~r:;c:1 Cit:: ;,~:'<1,:~,,:·tcrs ·;:ill t::: ll;u',;prcssccl to T:",~i:c sure
<1ol!~~~cd !:)::;c! i.::; .~ot 1"':)i~o::.:do i,'!:cn 50~.:C Jor[;~y Cit:: ;::::',:ucrs
. rCfo.ct to t1~2 l~.::;:ti\·~ :lnd st:8rcct poi~o:linbl C."'.!:l:lIid -,"lill
f)u')p~ct th~t £C-:~~-:Oi.JG at J:.:r?c:,' City is a sPJ' since o~;.iou~ly .
So;-,~C forc!:no':",'lct:.:;c of the event ,::lS ~l·C::::-':;1t :J, t .Tersc.'y Ci ty but -,
not n t O.~:;bnd. C.1~.i'u:;io:l, intrn-DPP elis trus t and hLIl:-:cr
nt the ur:cO;'lin;; con':~ntion ',7ould be the l'",sul'.:s. It i:~ r.oted
the JCl'SCY Ci~y ::::a"1.'J:lnel'S l:~s lJeen Given ::;0;\0 re~;!'lonsioility
for food collection in conoection with the convention. ' '
2
"~.!. I~.

444
EXHIBIT 33
orne. OF THE DIR.CTOR
62-11G3D5
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
WA.SHINGTON. D.C. 20535
Novelilber 25, 1975
U. S. SENATE S:.>LECT cmli,IITI:'>1> TO STUDY
GOVlillNJ.llliITlu, OPJillATIOil3 WITH R,i;CPilCT
TO I1IT~LIGENCE A~rIVITIiS (SSC)
Ri: TIE'!U1.ICT FOR INFO~,IATIOH C01;c.,;m,mG
TllIS BURJ>I'.U '::; OPilllATlOH OF INliOPJIAHTG
1;1 Tn..,; INTERlli1L SilCURITY l'Iill.-D
RefeTence is made to SSC letter d~.ted Novelilber 7,
IG75, requestin~ a mehlOrandu:,1 on this Bureau's operation of
informants in tile internal security field.
An infonl~nt, according to the dictionary, is
"one who ~ives inlonl:1tion." In li;;ht 01 this definition,
it is clear that very fim perso.ls, if any, have not at one
time or another been inrorlllants. To :;ive infol"llat ion is an
inseparable part oi lile. To ~ive ;-.ccurate, 50um1 and
helpful informntion for a wortil)' cnuse is to ma;.e one's
lire more useful and valuable to society.
Infor',lants of the FBI are persons WilO furnisil
necessary and vital information--inforillation widell is used
as a means of attaining justice. Informonts clear the
innocent as well as convict the guilty. They serve of their
own free will. None are forced. Informants are as old as
the human race. Their use is international. History is
studded With many and varied examples of the uses of informants.
No ~overnlUent or organized society has been without the,.l.
Informants provide one of the best and most complete
forms of coverage to the law enforcement officer. Sometimes
they are the only means of penetrating- subversive or extremist
or..anizations. Informants are valuable because they obtain
information more directly and thus save time and money;
they are useful in checl:ing on the accuracy of information
from other informants and have been used to help develop
other informants; they give a better understanding of the ;.
motives, objectives and intentions of subjects which allows,
law enforcement to plan its investigative operations; they
prevent or minimize damage to property and injury to law
enforcement officers and innocent persons; they further the
development of independent evidence to corrobol'ate inforulants'
testil.lOoy or allevi:'.te the need for inlol"luan"::;' teztil.,olly
and they become ",'ii tucsscs when necessary.
(~)
.......

445
U. S. SENATE SELECT COW.lITTEE TO STUDY GOVlillH:,lEHTAL
OPERATIONS WITH R~PECT TO INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES (SSC)
The development of informants is one of the most
difficult, unique and specialized assignments. Despite
the obstacles encountered in informant development, Bureau
J\aents have met and are continuing to meet with steady and
remarlmble successes. They regularly demonstrate vision,
daring and commendable resourcefulness in this work. The
Bureau today we believe has the best informant coverage in
its history.
When information is received or developed that a
person has baqkground qualifications indicative of informant
potential, in"an area where coverage is needed, a case is
opened. Office and Headquarters indices are reviewed and
other logical discreet checl;;s are made, including canvass of
logical sources, to preliminarily establish the individual's
background, reliability, stability and integrity. If the
preliminary checks are favorable, the individual would be
interviewed to establish a personal assessment by a
Special Agent as to the person's qualifications, potential,
and willingness to assist this Bureau. If the interview is
positive, additional bact:ground investir;ation is conducted
to establish the persons reliability, stability, and
integrity. Upon satisfactory completion of this investigation,
the imlividual begins a development period with the handling
AGent and after establishing a proven record of reliability,
stability and productiveness, bCCOl.1CS a Headquarters npPl'oved
inforumnt.
The Bure~u's informants, particularly in the internal
security field, have many restrictions imposed upon their
relationship with the Bureau, For example, they are impressed
with the confidential nature of their relationship with the
FBI, th:lt their actions :lro strictly voluntary and tluQ.E~eV
are not ~Plllp.lQyees. If they are cODneetec.l in any way with n
labor union, they are infol'hled that the Bureau is not
interested in an employee-employer relationship or if
connected with an institution of le:lrning, they are specifically
ndvised that the Bure:lu is not interested in the legitiMate
activities of educational institutions. In particular, :lll
infor"mnts are instructed to avoid l;nowled~e of defense plans
and strnte:;y 01' <.liscussion thereof with nttorneys, SUbjects
or-other individuals in any prosecution arisin:; from intelligence
or criminal investigations. In the event an informant is
unable to avoid obtaininG such inforMation, this infortllation
- 2 -

446
U. s. S'::IlATE S&..J;CT COi.li.llTTI>E TO STUDY GOVLRl'l!.IlliITAL
OPlillATIONS WITH RJ.:;SPLCT TO IHTill.oLIGENCE ACT IV 1'1'1 ~ (S;:;C)
is not to be reported to the FBI. A signed statement, if
possible, is obtained from each informant so that the informant
is aware of the Bure:u 's position in these matters. (ll copy
of the si~ned state"lent appears herein as Attachment number
one.)
From the time O1'ecial Agents enter New Atient's
Class they are indoctrinated and trained in the legal
aspects of the Bureau's work as well as the scope and
limits of their authority. The 1.lanual of Rules and
Regulations specifically addresses the conduct of Special
Agents in their investigative duties. (See "Ianual of Rules
and Regulations Attachment number two.) Training
continues in their offices of assignment, each office having
a Letial Officer available for training, consultation and
guidance. Frequent, e~tensive In-Service retraining
programs further bolster the Special Agents' Imowledge and
utilization of the law in the conduct of their official
duties. Specifically, informant development and handling
are extensively discussed in the FBI's training programs
and there is no question as to Special Agents being aware
that informants cannot be directed to perform a function
that the Special Agent may not legally pe1·form. Special
Agents are particularly reminded of the need to be alert
to plants, potential agent provocateurs to be used against
law enforcement in n variety of ways, so as to avoid
unfounded allegations of impropriety which may jeopal'dize
investigations or prosecutions as well as result in highly
publicized contrived incidents reflectin~ adversely on
law enforcement.
Many of our informants furnish needed and valuable
information on a aratuitous basis. Many are also paid for
their services. Payments to informants are one of the most
highly supervised areas within Bureau operations. When
a payment is made to an informant, the handling Agent must
mal~e a realistic determination as. to the value of the services
performed by the informant. Established BureaU procedure
requires that payments made to informants, upon recommendation
of handling Agent and approval of appropriate supervisory
personnel. originate from the office Field Support Account
and are drawn from this account by checlt made out to the
handling Agent for the amount authorized. The handling
- 3 -

447
U. S. SENATE SELECT CO:.mIT'l'EE TO STUDY GOVlillNi.IEln:AL
OPERATIOllS WITH RESPECT TO INTi::LLIGENCE ACTIVITIES (S::::C)
Agent cashes the check at a local bank and then pays the
informant the authorized amount in cash for which a receipt
is received from the informant and maintained in FBI
files. Although there is no overall memorandum of instruction
or document dealing with cost effectiveness as it relates to
informants, this factor is considered by the Spedal Agent
handling th~.informant, his supervisor, and the Special Agent
in Charge.lPayments to informants fOl' services are made
commensurate-with the value of information furnished and
for actual expenses incurFed in connection with obtainin~
information fo'r the FBI" -J Recommendations concerning
payments to informants on a regular basis receive careful
consideration at Headquarters level. After analysis and
comparison with payments cUl'rently being made to other
informants operated under similar circumstances and providing
similar-type information, authority is extended at Headqu::.rters
to pay informants for services and expenses within prescribed
limits. When paYhlents are authol'ized by Headquarters, it
is the personal responsibility of each Special Agent in
Charge to definitely assure that full value is being received.
His review is on an individual basis wherein he evaluates the
information received and the amount being recommended by
the handling Agent for payment for this specific information.
Additionally, instructions provide that each Special Agent
in Charge is to insure that all pending informant files
are reviewed personally by appropriate supervisory personnel
on a regular periodic basis not to exceed a period of 60 days.
This review includes, but is not limited to, assurance that
full value has been received for all payments made to
informants. Also the entire inforr,lant progl'am is subj ect
to annual review by our Inspection Staff which physically
e~amines informant files to assure that they are being
handled properly and that payments are being made
cOUlmensurate With the value of information received.
(L
In addition to the above controls and restrictions,
information furnished from informants is cOll..stantly
sifted, analyzed, recorded and disseminatec.j. I The information
is verified where possible through other sources and
individual investigation. J\ system of checl;s is constantly
involved to prevent an informant from producing el'roneous
information by accident or design.
- 4 -

448
u. S. SENATE SELECf COl.U.IITTEE TO STUDY GOVERHMEIUAL
OPERATIONS WITH RESPECf TO IlU'ELLIGENCE ACfIVI'rIES (SSC)
(concerning warrants, a warrant requirement for
the use oJrinformants appears impractical and may be
unconstitutional. It is impractical because probable cause
usually is not available when the infol'mant technique is
initiated and the submission of an affidavit in application
for a warrant would increase the hazard of exposure of the
informant's identity. Such a limitation might be unconstitutional
because it would limit the First Amendment r~hts of the
informant to com&1unicate with the Government.J Existing legal
restrictions r~quire gUided informants to recognize the same
legal limitat~ns as would be applicable, in the same circumstances,
to those directin~ the informants. An informant can
legally do no more than an Agent is permitted to do.
The Bureau in the domestic intelligence area has under
investigation organizations, most of which have numerous districts,
regions, offices, sectiol~, chapters and clubs. These organizations
and their subdivisions total over 1100, which receive
investigative attention to some extent. These investigations
are afforded coverage by less than 1100 internal security
informants. It must be recognized, however, that there are
other individuals who are in various stages of development in
this field. Concerning payments, one-half of one percent (.5%)
of the Bureau's budget (fiscal 1975) was utilized to pay all
types of security informants including those in the foreign
counterintelligence field.
As noted, the Bureau's utilization of informants
involves a high degree of care and supervision. It is a
specific Bureau policy that an inforumnt may only be
targeted against individuals or organizations of investigative
interest to the FBI. It must be recognized, however,
informants furnish a wealth of related information which
comes to their attention during the course of their assigned
duties. While operating against assigned targets, the
associations necessary to maintain credibility may lead to
information concerning proposed or-actual bombinJs, arsons,
violent demonstrations, assassination plots, a variety of
criminal activities and even location of fugitives. They
also serve as listening posts in high crime and violcnceprone
:lre:lS and have contributed inform:ltion directly
responsible for the arrests of 176 persons during fisc:ll
year 1975. Of this number, 61 individuals were arrested
by FBI Agents and 47 FBI fugitives were located and
- 5 -

449
U. S. SENATE SELLer COJ.U.IlTTEE TO STUDY GOVERN:.IE1ITAL
OPEMTIONS WITH RESPECT TO HITELLIGENCE ACTIVI'UES (SSC)
apprehended. Additionally the FBI located 442 persons
and other federal agencics located 21 individuals.
Local and state law enforcement authorities located 94
persons. Durin;:: the same time frame, internal security
informants provided information which led db"cctly to
the recovery of property valued at approximately one-half
million dollars. It must be further reco~nized that a
warrant requirement for use of informants would virtually
eliminate access of law enforcement to this collateral
information x:.csultin~ in many crimes going unsolved or
not prevented.
The FBI believes the elements of close
supervision, restraint, latitude and jud~ment are
essential in an informant program and it is further
believed that the proper'balance of these elements is
bcing utilized by the FBI successfully in the operation
of informants in the security field.
Enclosures - 2
,.. 6 -

450
F[).480 11-11-75)
ATTACHMENT NO. 1
I, , have voluntarily
agreed to cooperate with the Federal Bureau of Investigation in
a matter affecting the security of the United States. I consider
it a patriotic duty to so cooperate and agree to maintain this
relationship in strict confidence. I understand that I am not
a Federal employee and will not represent myself as such. I
further agree not to,.make any disclosure or exploit in any way
information which (may obtain or any activity in which I may
engage on behalf of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, both
while I am actively associated with the Federal Bureau of
Investigation and thereafter, unless authorized to do so by
the Bureau. Also, I have been instructed and understand that,
consistent with the necessity to maintain the confidentiality
of my relationship with the FBI, I should avoid knowledge of
defense plans or strategy, or discussion thereof, with
attorneys, subjects, or other indiViduals in any prosecution
arising from intelligence or criminal investigations. In the
event that I am unable to avoid such discussion or obtaining
such information, I will not report it to the FBI.
(Signed) ___
Witnessed; ---------------------

451
PART I
SOCTION 1. CONDUCT AND ACTIVITIES Or EHl'LOYEES
ATTACHMENT NO. 2
lA
3. Illegal Act.vitie;
Illegal activi ties on the part of any employee, in addition to being
unlawful, reflect on the integrity of the FBI and betray the trust and
confidence pl.aced in it by the American people.. Furthermore, unlawful
activities can disqualify him for employment by the Government of the
United StateS. It is. therefpre. expected that employees ,till obey not only
the letter of the law but the spirit of the law as well whetller they be
engaged in transactions of a personal or official nature. I~ith respect to
investigative activities, this admonition particularly applies to entrapment
or the use of any other improper. illegal. Or unethical tactics in the
procurement of evidence. In this regard, it should be especially noted that,
in securing information concerning mail matter, the Bureau \'Jill not
tolerate a violation of law (Title 18. USC. §§ 1702, 1703. 1708. and 1709).
furthermore, employees must not tamper with, interfere with, or open mail
in violation of law nor aid, abet or condone the opening of mail illegally
by any employee of the U. S. Postal Service.
As members of a Federal investigative agency, [oBI employees must at all
times zealously guard and defend the rights and liberties guaranteed to
all individuals by the Constitution. Therefore, l'Ill employees must not
engage in any investigative activity which could abriuge in any way the
rights guaranteed to a ci tizen of the l!nited States by the Cunsti tution
and under no circumstances shall employees of the FBI engage in any conduct
which may result in defaming the character, reputation, integrity,
Or dignity of any citizen or organization of citizens of the United States.
Employees must not install secret telephone systems or microphones without
Bureau authority.
No brutality, physical violence, duress or intimidation of individuals by
our employees will b~ couutcnanclJd nor \...i11 forcl~ UC used greater than
that necessary to effect arrest or for self-defense.
3
10-29-74

452
EXHIBIT 34
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT LIBRARY
Official File 10-B, Box 14
5/21/40 Memorandum For J. Edgar Hoover, from Stephen Early,
Secretary to the President
"Dear Mr. Hoover:
On May 18th, at the President's suggestion, I forwarded
to you a number of telegrams which carne to him following the
delivery of his address on the subject of national defense before
the joint session of the Congress. As the telegrams all were
more or less in opposition to national defense, the President
thought you might like to look them over, noting the names and
addresses of the senders.
The attached telegrams are forwarded to you for the same
reason. Will you please return them to this office when you
have finished with them."
"Enclosure" [Numerous telegrams apposing the President's request
for additional defense.)
5/18/40 Memorandum for J. Edgar Hoover, from Stephen Early,
Secretary to the President
"I am sending you, at the President's direction, a number
of telegrams he has received since the delivery of his address
on the subject of national defense before the joint session of
the Congress yesterday. These telegrams are all more or less
in opposition to national defense.
"It was the President's idea that you might like to go over
these, noting the names and addresses of the senders.
" When you have done this will you kindly return the
original messages to the White House."
5/21/40 "Memorandum for S.T. E."
"Here are some more telegrams to send to Edgar Hoover.
F. D. R."

453
[Attached is the following, mimeographed:)
"May 23, 1940
"Memorandum for Honorable J. Edgar Hoover:
The President asked me to show the attached telegrams
to you.
Rudolph Forster
Executive Clerk
Telegrams from the following protesting armament defense program,
etc: [list of 30 names and addresses]
5/29/40 "Respectfully referred to Honorable J. Edgar Hoover ....
Stephen Early, Secretary to
the President
[5 names and addresses]
5/31/40 [Mimeographed -- 38 names and cities) (Library reference)
"The following people sent telegrams to the President more
or less in opposition to national defense as presented by President
to the Congress 5/16/40. The telegrams were referred to J.
Edgar ,Hoover, FBI,5/18/40 for his information and were returned
5/25/40 with comment, and reports."
5(31(40
5/31/40
5/31/40
(same -- 35 names]
[same -- 41 names)
[same -- 17 names]

8/20/40
454
Personal and Confidential
By Special Messenger
J. Edgar Hoover to Ear\
"I am returning herewith various telegrams forwarded by
you during the months of May and June which were received by
the President in response to his radio address on the matter of
the nation's defense.
"The contents thereof have been noted with interest, and
I desire to thank you for forwarding these telegrams to me for·
the information of this Bureau."
611 2/40 "Memorandum for General Watson
Will you prepare a nice letter to Edgar Hoover thanking
him for all. the reports on investigations he has made and
tell him I appreciate the fine job he is doing.
F.D.R."
6/14/40 "Dear Edgar:
I have intended writing you for some time to thank you for
the many interesting and valuable reports that you have made
to me regarding the fast moving situations of the last few months.
"You have done and are doing a wonderful job, and I want
you to know of my gratification and appreciation."
6/1.7/50 "Memorandum for J. Edgar Hoover
The attached telegrams are referred to you for your
information.
Stephen Early, Secretary to the
President"
[36 telegrams expressing approval of Col. Lindbergh's address]

455
EXHIBIT 35-1
3l!rllrrBI ilurrBu of 3JnurstigatiDn
llnitrll 5>latrll i1rllnrtmrnt of ~ustitr
mas~ingllln. lit aI.
January 11, 1946
PERSONAL AND CONFIDENrIAL
Brigadier General Harry Hawkins Vaughan
~litary Aide to the President
The 7ih1te House
Washington, D. C.
Dear General Vaughan:
I wanted to in£orm the President and you of a report that the
United People's Action Co=i.ttee of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, hasagreed
with two other organizations in Philadelphia. to "march onlt the
Capitol in W<l3hington, D. C., and to take part in a mass demonstration
in ilashington on January 17, 1946. The purpose of thesE! activities
is to agitate tor the passage of a bill establishing a permanent Fair
Employment Practice Committee.
The other two organizations involved are the Bi-Partisan
Committee for a }~C and the Philadelohia Chaoter of the National
Association for the Advancement of Coiored Pe~ple. It !llight be noted
that the United People's Action Committee is reported. to have COII'.Qunist
influence in it.
,lith regard to the agitation for the passage-·lr a bill establishing
a pe~1anent Fair Empl~~ent Practice Como1ttee, intormation has
been received from various parts of the country where the COlJlllunist Party
is active, that COllllllUnist elements are actively engaged in agitating
pressure campaigns to have such a bill enacted.
In the event additional pertinent details are received in this
regard, they will be brought to the President's and your attention.
nith assurances of m'J highest esteem and best regards,
Sincerely yours,
~:~
66-077 0 - 76 - 30

456
EXHIBIT 35-2
JO"H EDGAR HOOVER
DIRECTOR
3lirbrraI iiLU"rau of lhrarBttglltlon
linitri'l Statts Jilrpnrtmrnl of 3uBttrr
i1'Il1I~ingtnn. !l. Qt. PERSONAL A:lD CONFIDENTIAL
January 17, 1946 BY SPECIAL llESSEj'lGER
Brigadier General Harry Hawkins Vaughan
21ilitar.r Aiee to the President
The ?fbite Hous e
Washington, D. C.
Dear General:
I wanted to furnish the President and you with
information which I have received that a delegation of the
National Association for the Advancement of C.21Q.~d People
plans to visit the i'lhite House on January 18, 1946, tor the
purpose of presenting ideas and requests to the President.
It is said that the delegation will be cO::lposed of
persons attending a national meeting of the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored People in Washington,
D. C., on January 17 and 18, 1940. The meeting is scheduled
to discuss the establishment of a per::lanent Fair ~plo~ent
Practices Casmittee and oethods of obtaining additional
recognition of NeGro war vetera-~. In at least one area
information has been received that COIlll:lunist elements ~re
interested in attending the national meeting and desife
to send a delegate to it. ~ .
In the event additional pertinent details are
received in this regard, I shall bring then to the President's
and your attention.
With expressions of rrry highest esteem and best
regards,
Sincerely yours,
~·U~

457
EXHIBIT 35-3
Offla: Of THE DIRECTOR -
----~---
,
lla7 29, 1946
PERSONAL A1ID CONFIDENTIAL"
'., .. SProIAL llESSENOER '. , "
Honorable George E. Allen
Director
Reconstruction F1Dance corporation
'!rashington, D. C.
....'.:. ....
• •• - • -',"j~' \.. •
•...•.• .,. ';or
Dear George: -
I lIBDted to infOJ'lll the President and you ot the tollowing information
received tram a reliable source concerning a meeting held by the Philadelphia
Chaoter ot the ;rndeoen:l.ent Citizens COIlIIlittee of the A1"ts.1..1LC:;ences am Professions
and the Philadelobia Citizens rlitical. Action COIlIIlittee at the Academy
of llWsic in Philadelphia on May 26, 194 • ..' . '. .
It is reported that Benjamin Panell, Executive secrefdla:. ot the
Philadelphia Chapter of the Independent Citizens COIlIIlittee of the Art"., Sciences
and Professions, originall,. desired to have A. F. lIhitney as speaker for tbia
mee~ but that Sel2tor Claude Pepper was subsequently chOsen as the :meaker.
P'J,~ll is alleged to have editad the speech ot senator Peoper made at the
meeting. paDell is alleged to be closeJy affiliated with the CCEEunist P~.
; At the meeting in question, it is reported that ~.~!:..P~PR8: stated
that the stubborn attitude of :nanag!!lllent and ot the GoverI!lleiil. ;was at fault in
the railroad strike crises and further tha~ the Qoverlllllent had~not ;net the UDion
half' ":fa:f. He declared, acco:-ding to the report, that the pJ:ripgsed legislation
gave the power ot life or death over everyone in the united 5-:ates am that
.under it business, the union or the UDion leaders could be ruined. He called
'the proposed legislation not onl,. an anti-strike, but an anti-liberal, antilabor
and anti-civil rights t,-pe of bill. He alleged it is part ot a pattern
ot reaction and intolerance lIhich is sweepiDg the countr;y and he reportedly
expressed the hope that if the senate could hold up the bill until the middle
ot the week Ma,- 26 - JUne 1, 1946, it 'lIOuld be defeated b;y the assertion of
the people's desires. He said that labor was the greatest organized militant
movement in existence an:! he expressed great approval. of it.
With regard to foreign poliCT, Senator Pepper is said to have declared
that the United states is drifting toward war an:! that the united States and
British coalition against the soviet union has resulted in Russia not being
given access to the rest of the llCrld and in being given improper consideration,
He claimed there "lliJ.l be a -war sooner than the time lIhich elapsed between W:lrld
1'!ar I an:! 'ibrld VI:lr II it something is not done to break the present "impasse".

458
Honorable George E. Allen
senator Pepper is said to have claimed that the foreign policY of this countr:r
is not expressive of American feeling and the present battle for power in
Germany is strengthening that country"'s position until it 1ri.ll again be a
dangerous power in Enrope. He advocated a division of Ge=y.
sanator pepper is reported to have stated that the SoViet union
should bave a $2,000,000,000 loan regardleas of the type of gove1'IJll1ent in that
countr;r so 10Bg as there is a probability of repayment aDd peacef'ul purpose.
Se said that this country" must endeavor to see the Soviet point of 'View aDd
shaw the Soviet 1]l:lion we are its friem aDd not its enemy aDd, further, not
to operate diplomacy as if it were a chess game.
Representative Hllgh DeLacy of _sbington also spoke at the above
described meeting, discussing the proposed labor legislation aDd the'present
Govermnent attitude, claiming it comparable to the attitude in Germany, Ital,.
and sPain at the time of the ascension of ftFascists. to power. He said the
present bill is the longest step taken in any countr:r to'llClrd militant FallciSlll
since the era of Ritler. Liberals, be claimed, IllUSt organize and fight on a
national scale. He said, according to the report, that the present united
states policy is being dictated by Hoover, Vandenberg, Byrnes and Churcbill.
Orson wells also spoke. declaring that strike breakl.ng is the
begimling of the road to Fascism and the onlZ defense against it is to organi~e
around labor. He stated that t.lill meeting in question was an "anti-Fascfst.-meeting
and that "Fascism" may come to anerica, not because reaction is /10
strong lrolt because progT'essives are so weak.
'!he meeting is said to have baan elXiorsed by senator Joseph Guftey
and congressman .alliam Grsen of Philadelphia. Amotion was P.ssed that each
person present wire or 'I'Ir.l.te t!'.eir Congressman and senators to- w.l.pe out "the
plot against Democracy.. It was also recOIIDended that wires be sent to the
President expressing such sentimenta concerning him as 'IIOuld be permitted by
the telegraph office.
I thought the foregoing information 'WOuld. be of interest in view of
the reliable reoort to the effect that the Itldeoendent Citizens COIlIIllittee of
the .trts, ScienCes and professions is looked UjJin-bil;lia-'comiiumst Party as
one of its successf'ul organizational attempts.
Sincere17 JOUl'S.

459
EXHIBIT 35-4
"'IFFIC::: OF THE DIRECTOR
$rller.d iBuuau of Jnuntiglltion
Iinibb §tllbll 3epartment of YUlltit'~
mUlIl]ington .25, 3. Gr.
De?ember 13, 1946 PERSONAL A!ffi CONFIDENTIAL
BY SPECIAL ~ENOER
Honorable George E. Allen
Director
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
washington, D. C.
Dear George:
_ As a u:att~r of1nterest, I f~lt: th~ :President an'd yo~;would ~~t: lto
kno"; that information has been received by this Bureau concerning a.
threatened nation-wide strike by members of the National Federation of
Telephone Workers (NFTI'i), scheduled to begin at 6:00 All April 7, 1947.J A
reliable confidential informant has furnished the following information regardil".
g this threatened strike.
O~ November 4, 1946 at a meeting ot'the NFTW in Denver, Colorado,
all affiliated unions agreed to a national bargaining program which would
embrace the Jnajority of telephone workers presently operating under thirtythree
separate contracts, mainly in the Bell Telephone s;rstem. This national
bargaining program purportedly will be inaugurated about January 1, 1947,
with the submission of written demands by member unions of the NFT'K addressed
to the D'.al".agement of telephone cocpanies throughout the United States.
Act~al negotiations are scheduled to begin approximat~lY Februar,r 1,
1947, with the Alnerican Telephone and Telegraph Company and large independent
teleor~ne groups, such as the General Telephone System. These negotiations
will- be undertaken on behalf of the NFT'.V by a newly created sev~n-member
Coordinated Bargaining Co:mnittee. The demands, which rill incliide ten national
bargail"~ng items, ar~: .•
1. Union shop and check-off of union dues.
2. C~neral wage increases, which will depend on the wage-price
relationship existing next spring when the contracts expire
and how far out of line telephone workers t wages are with
wages in other industries.
3. ..\rea differentials, dispari ties in 1Iages in different regions
of tbe countrJ, particularly in the case of transferred employees.
4. Length of progression schedules.
5. Town wage differentials, where an effort will be made to formulate
a unifonn wage structure on the basis of population levels of
cities and towns. .
6. Job descriptions for service assistants, such as was achieved for
traffic operators acting as supervisors in Washington and Indiana.
7. A uniform jurisdiction clause in contracts to fOn:lulate a Bell
system policy on preventing cable pulling and telephone wiring
of new buildings by the International Brotherhood of Electrical
Workers (AFI.) on the principle of "telephone lIOrk for telephone

460
8. Leaves or' absence for union officers.
9. Improved vacations for a,ll emplole25, particularly for
those with longer service.
10. Pensiol1ll.
In the event the union fails in its negotiations to effectuate the
above program, its leaders lIill call upon member unions approximately the
first of !Aarch, 1947 to file strike intent notices with the Labor Department
in compliance with the War Labor Disputes Act's 3Q-day "cooling-off" period.
At this point a referendum will be taken through the entire n:e:r.bership of the
NF'l'W unions which have filed such notices with the Labor Departll:ent and j1 a
vote favorable to a nlkout is returned, the NFTW has already appointed a
fifty-member policy commi ttee to have full and sole power to call a nationwide
strike at 6:00 AM on April 7, 1947, or at a later date if deeaed more
desirable. This policy committee is composed of one representative from each
mBlUber union. .
The informant stated that in the event this contemplated strike'
actual1:r takes place it 1rwld, in his opinion, cause a nation-wide tie-up of
all communication facilities. He based his statement on the fact ·that practicallJr
all telephone unions have affiliated with the NFTl\'. He indicated that the
notable exceptions are the United Telephone Operators of New York, an independent
union; the Chicago-Loop Telepholl8 Workers, an affiliate of the International
Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, AFL; the telephone ....orkers of the state ot
!.Iontana. ...ho are affiliated with the International Brotherhood of Electrical
. Workers, AFL; and about 10,000 telephone ....orkers on the West Coast who have
been organizedb::r the CIa.
I will immediately forward to you any additional ixiformation which
is received concerning this situation•
.Sincerel;r ;rours,

461
EXHIBIT 35-5
orrICE Of THE O'REC1'OR
.:f~b~rnI lSureau Df Inu~!IfigatiDn
mnif~b Iffau. i!~partm~nfDf 1Ju!ltir~
.a!l17in!J~n %5, 39. G'.
February 15~ 1947
PERSOllAL AND CO.VFIDENTIAL
BY SPECIAL J/ESSENGER
UajOf:'~#nera1 Harry Haw~tns Vaughan
Ui1tta~y Atde to the Prestdent
The iflI t te RauB e
iYashtn!l.ton~ D. C.
Dear General Vaughan:
I thought you would be tnterested in the f0110wtng t~ormatton
w~tch has been recetued from a htghly co~tdentta1 source wtth
~hich you are familiar.
Thomas Corcoran lS acttuely engaged tn a program to effect
the' appointment oj jor~er United ~tates Sena~~ert LaFo~lette
as the Chairman of the Atomtc Ener9Y Com~issloD. Corcoran is predtcating
his actton upii71'G1fe"'senatorta1 opposition to Hr.
___Li1ient~s approua1 and has proposed through uartous channels
that LaYol ette be named as the Chairman 0/ the Commission~ .
suggesting that Hr. Lilienthal might be approued as a member~ euen
though he could not be approved as Chairman.
Hr. Corcoran has also been suggesting the desi~nation 0/
llr_!_B.er.narg yaruc_h as .A.mbasllaet,,-r .,to.London ,and is also endeauoring
to secure the appointment oj one Vi~ce-fg~a~2~ (phonetic) to a
uacancy currently e=isting on the United utates C-ou-rt-O-f -Cl-aim-s.
Detailed information concerning these items will be
furnished to you in the near future~ but I thought you would be
interested in a pro:lLpt report on these three situations.
With express tons 0/ my highest esteem.
Sincerely yours~

462
EXHIBIT 35-6
°E OF THE DIRECTOR
jfrbrral iSurruu of Inupsfigafion
1ltnitrb §tatrs Dl'partml'nt of Yustin
mllsl1ingwn 25, !J. «.
June 25, 1947
PERSONAL AND CONFIDEtiTIAL
BY SPECIAL MESSENGER
lIajor General Harry Hawkins Vaughan
LlU1tary Aide to the President
The 'Rbite HouSe
Washington, D. C.
Dear General Vaughan:
As of possible interest to the President
and you, information has come to the attention ot
this Bureau from a confidential source, indicating
that a scandal pertaining to sugar is brewing and
undoubtedly will become public in the near future.
Our informant expressed the opinion that this
scandal nn be veI"J embarrassing to the Democratic
.\c!J:linistrat ion.
With expressions of r:r; highest esteem
and best rggards, ,Jf
Sincersij;"yours,' 0
~.~~

463
EXHIBIT 35-7
O~'i'CE Of tHE. OtRECTok
jTl'lleral i!lUfl'UU of Jnul'lItigtttion
~nibll §tabll ilepartment uf1Justire
ml111l1ington 25. :fl. 0;.
January 27, 1950
Honorable ~tthew J. Connelly
Secretary to the Preside~t
The -:.bite House
',:ashington, D. C.
~ dear i.ir. ~y:
l'~SO~:U, .lj',D CCil?IDS;!l'IAL
~,y SPECI.A.1 ~·3S3~:CG2
I thought you would like to ha'/e the foUowing informtion received
by this 3ureau from a very confid~nti2l source rega:~ding a recent meeting of
neNs oaner representatives at Chioago, Illinois, held to for;;,ula':.e plans for". "
" :,uc1'iC:l.tr ca,;paign against organized ga.;;blin". ,
According to this Bureau f s source, this IDE'eting, wl:ich was held
saveral days ago, Vias F..t:'9:lcied b~. representatives of several indes:;andent
newspa;:lers, a"d· ~t the 'JAetin~ ~l,lr.s were re,:ortedlj wde to publish a series
of copjTighted stories ~ertaining to orgp~ized gaabling and other racketeering
activities. A c:::!1sid~rable nu:c.bar of undercover ,uen are reoorted to have been
~ployed by the newspapers re~resented at the conference for the purpose of
securing data to be used L~ these stories. These uniercover ~en e.e to work
',vith t::e Chicego Crioe Cor.oission and will be ssnt t,) various ciths throughout
the count!;r to devalop inlor.~pti~'n for t~ese stori:Js. Strong a:u.;;hasis was
placed :>:1, the i.r.lportance of d9v=lo~in5 infor=atian S:1or;in:; tte co:!~action of
racl{·;teers "i"/ith corrupt politici3Cls in each of the c:.ti~s to 0'3 tr33.t9d in
tnis s~rids of st~ri0s.
'11:9 first 01 th~sa stori.::.s is re:",,orted to :: a s~~e611J..-aci f~r re 1,~3.sa
:2oruar:r 12 or 13, 1950. It '.'!ill deal "-.7it:1 or"i3tlrtiZ3C f-:3..:~lit"'~:?; i..t;:.c. it5 CC:1n,~
f;tic::n. '-1ith C0rru.~t '-.Qli:'ici.:l.."'":.s and., .:lc~:)rC:ir..:; tJ tr.e J'.1!"'8,!I.lfS infor:~rt.r...t,
it wi:"l be crir.ic~l.oi· th'3 ~:"'t.torne::' '-;2n~ral at~d ~:iill L:.:.l,:c.a inlcr::..:';'.. ion
r~lating to :tis S'J.9)OS::d. 0'JScs:..?ti:n and C0:l~.act3 \'/~th :l~:~~:"S of tea ur.cer
·":orld, p3.rticularly in K~Qs?.s '::.: it7l, ;.issouri, and wit:I tr.e rresid'C:\t I S SU?i)osed
association '''it'l these indi'li;l\;.als and thzir cor,tribu.b:J.s to ke Fresiierltial
ca.~~~a.i~n.
Fro,a ti.e ab'.)ve source it :-.~s also b"n l'larlled that, the ne-.vsoaoer
ra;"}resentativas who at..tenc.ed t:le above .:l'~~tin5 h~d in::~,:;r.i:.3.tion that th~ ..
•~uaric~n ~icipal Associ2tion hac eX3rt~d press~e on the ~ttornay 0~~eral to
brir'b about "he issuance of invitations to its ro:'res<ntatives to a':.t~nd the
~\t.torney '}engral ' s coni'er3Tlce in :;:;shington next ;::Jntt and that, the ..fccerican
~unicipal Associ~tion intenci3 tQ give publicity LO ~h~ fon~~r ass~ciates of
the ?resident nr,d of the Atto~ey }~neral ~.d to publicize the su~pos~d foothold
::Jf 0r~a..liz9d cri.~le L'l n2.tional ~-:Dlitics.

464
1-i:>IlO:,able 1atthew J. Connelly
S;cretary to the President
';'his infor"'2tion is b9in~ "lace available to you as a Il1I'tter of
interest. It is also being furnished to the Attorney General.
";;ith assura'1ces of !Jy highest regards,

465
EXHIBIT 35-8
April 1, 191.6
Jolm Edgar &lover - Director, ~deraJ. BureAU or Ilmult1gation
IICCLU G. RXDTIl
I have recentl7 been adrl88d in cozmectiOll 'rlth the Jlicola1 O. ]~.
iDY1IstigaUon that toM St4te ::cpartmnt roprellentat1V1tS of the "::EmI~e.IllCH
~ have prepared a ::mwrandulll to t.heir editor. in Yew York balled upon
infCOlAticn received at the Sta~ I:epart.cent.. The Q.l!&orandulll is aa follons
"!be lrpec1!1a charge ai::UIUlt. Lieute:lant. Re<l1:! is that he
... purcbaaing the blneprinta 0:: toba deatrO]1lr tender 'IoaOllfatone.'
Be pe.id UOO fer one 8$t. am ~ tor another. :M
young aDd obv1cus17 1J2D:x:p.tr1cmced lieutenant. [clod to aBCorta:l.n
the 1dentit.1' or tho seller, an otr1cer in !fnal IntelllitOnce.
"'rWo daJs before the ~at yas llIllde the Just.1C8 De9art=tnt
uked to.. state1:8par1:;Dl1nt 1rhether there 1l'Ould be any ci1;Wx:aatic
objecticna to the an'88t. TtwI Ju8tice Ilepart=llnt. ..as told, in
effects Arnot. h1Jl b7 all _a if yClill have the gooda on him)
it he ill convicted on IItralg eT1dlll'lC8 the RlIstda."l8 w11l disown
h1a ;md tlle" 'II1ll be DO intern.atiazuU re;;ercu811ionll. It, on
the otbar hand, he 1s acquj.t.ted, the Rtas1ans na cb:lrge a"
traae-up aDd begin arrellUng AllI!!r1carl8 in Rusp1a on ai2ilar
chargee. '1'218 Jnstice :epartl=ent th1.llklI the7 baft an airtight
ca.s. lJ~ailUlt Redin. but. U'.e ;,ttorl1!7 General's, 'Oon!'iuftnce "
13 :lOt. I.Ihartld by othl!r aoverr.-nt ~pat'tcents. •
"'l'1uIt.?ad1n '!IllS l!1'T.J1g is cbvious, 1.-"Ut. if all ?le w:us able
to t'btnn ~I"!J bluellr~ta of the rYdlalfaton&,' hia law;rerll
.n..;ht -ll plaadtJult. aoatro:l6)" 'utnCers or ~r.e :!allolrlltQmt type
had b<tom fuUy d&4c:rl'bcd in pualiahcd :md =:l:st:"1.c+..od. l=r.uv.ls,
"n<1 t.h~t his t>ft;;nse ltaa tolchnical rathuT t.~, rsal. Tho~ 13
nl.!lo 9 chance tr.a t. wi th r,ne CT ,,100 s=un1.st :JT-IPathi::erll cn the ::art he r:U.~~ be acqu1 toted alU:>;,:ether.
"I belleYll tha~ RI!Jd1n's cue 18 W11que in that. it. 1. the
first arrut 1:1 the U. S. or ?Ossib11 an)"l'here else ot • uni.!'or=eU
oUi~ at a frier.dl;T pOW1lr on l\n" espicna~e charlOe••••••"
~ IIIlJl)r!llldllll also con~ WOntaUon U> the e!!vct tluIt t.'le
At-tomey CeMral had eonferrou l'ri th l:'ean Achoson of the state X)rpart:llent.
'Rho alltnorizcd the ,rOBfl<:Ut.1on.

466
EXHIBIT 35-9
17 dear .1".) 1'red4eDh"
, ttt·'ti.. 'btlile :~II7".neAtlOll 'hat 'he JaUoJl&1 ,tA7e"lI
hU! 1s pNparl!lt'."'"'POn_Uat:k1Dt;the.A4a1JddraUoa. aIIli'
the tep.rtlled of 3llstlco 1JI pnrtlC\11aT. on the bash of the
mort. ot the' l't4el'Ali lIl1reR ot lD"lIUgaUOD,••de lIublll:: al.
\h••~s.onage: \nAl.. of' Jdl~' CoploJl la Vaah1~ol\. p.C.~,~.:
Ira....'ar.4" JUne at 1"'9~
, ,!!Ie }l1'CpOlI.t repon will attack eenaill all.get pracUeee
ot th. 7.a.ralllu.rea\i:'of Iu••UgaUoa __ will, reeormen4 that 701l
is.. 1aIIe41ateq-a' 4.1"G\1_ oriertJlg tho r.a.eral :Bul't1lU of IJlT"UpUOD.
to, ce.... 1IIi'e\app1Jl&'.lIail opeJdJlg•. &JIIll 111epl ••arch.. 1a
1ds.1ch. accordbf: to tho l"0Jl0"_ the ~'eD&8«.'. n.. pro~.e4 '
d1recUTII'vou!d lWt the jnhdlction o~ the- 7~I1J:1 internal :I4IO:1'U,
c.... nnd' 'V111 ~:;uei, t!'At youd1rect a t.borour,b InnsHf::\t1I)D of the
!;)TOr;t'u.e. llracUCltS. poUelo!! pond ;:er!lO~.l of the 731. lhlt~"
Yill ....6't:e.~ that this' 11'rt'lISt1~t1ollba coaducted b7 a gl"OU-p- 01 1l1~
htero;U-t ilrl.vflte n1~t~. h'lvl-n.t 'b7 e::OClttift 4\1thorl.;t !ull acc~',
~o the files of tlle !e<:lel':l'l .Bureft11 0'1 llSTest1g:anon a.= ,1ell&!7~:-e
~t:l:lhM'Cg:'lUon. ' ' ,
aAa.'b.81I~Iell!'d. thai the :hUoul I.a~.. GQ1i4 COIl''''
'pI3h.,'a~lonlllr-alilldtye8Jlllalga b behelt,o:l' th.,J1tj:ori. U ....
,been lIU~dea 'hilt therele... o~ therepon', shn141 folloW' lU bUTMJ
to 10~ d4 to •• lUll! Ulat' 8D Iltt~t ,,11111e ....' to U'I"UP • qat.,...~
Uh both of ll'~' ~e ~UoM.1laY7eJ'lfClulld. vill. •••k the COOlie""" eI
othe,. ba%' poup. 8114 will "U~t h'wht til. Ry,JOn ot,snenl ".11bc1fll
JlaP. 1a the 18gal n.u~ ,A reCOlD_htion ll.. aho bHn .-. .....Ia
e ,he laUODal'- LeWTer. 0c11d '0 Coli11dar the !lOad.bUU7 ofjuci1elal 1'''''n.1
ceeclhgs to, .to? the a110ie4 111epl AIIIl bpftlJlOr practice., cd \lie , ...
llun_ of' !aT..UraUOW~
.' .. ~
JD, C01Ul.ectloll wUh thie lIrD'POa.1 of the ~Uo_1 taYT'"
,!;QUA. you wilt reeall tlun on ~.,. 21, 1940. Pnaletlllt PooalJTeU
:Urechd.th. """0",.,-;ene1"lJ1 to' _tho?,!.. ~eIlh d the rederal

467
-3-
BIlre811 ot IDTe.Ug:atlOIl to ..cure l~OnBaUOIl b7 .ean. of wiretapping
111 1111Hed t1ll" ot Ca... 1'tllaUJI& to the naUonal clete....
!hi•. cl1rect1Ye reed..
1 f "To•.•re.~; therefore., _thoriaeel &lid::; 41reot.4 ~Il
__cb C.... a. rll1l IIq.sppron. att.r.1Il,.~1&atlOIl
ot the aHC1 1D each cal•• to' authorl_ thenece"arr
l~aUpUDgagenh that thq are at l1bertr to
..cure 1~01'll&Uoll b7 lht.niJlC dmcee direct to
the coavenatloll o~ other oo.uualoaU.oIl., of penoJUI
~ected ot ~b,..rel.. .ctlT1t~'e a&alDI' \he
Qo.,.ruelltof the UId.ad, Sfl.'....bcl'ClC11Jlc.auqecte4tlPt,..,
You. a:re. T,ltqU8etecl, tuz:~ore .to .l1a1\ .. th...
l.1lY8eUptiou,1O aond11Cted;i~ ..:.a1lI1.Pa:and, .to,41.1&
tu. hllCdar "C! poltina to ali8l11.1
A)"IaJ' later b mUD« to·~..... !. B. :lUot at aU••
__Il Co~e.. vae cOlldaerille le£i,elaUoD regaJ'd1J1l: YirebppiD«.
7rlSldlll' 1!oo .....elt dated \hal it 11 the clutJ' of our people to take
""77 .bCle atep to protect \h.....lY... and he addedl
'I haTe DO Coap1UIOUDIl 1Jl e¢ug tbat wiretapping
ehoIalcl be used. ega1Jl., tho•• perllons.
110' cUhell1 of the United States. aJII1 tho.. .
rew cUheD. who are traiton to their Cow:at77.
_0 to4q a2'e eupgsd in espionage or labot!J&e
asa!1l.' the Ull1ted 3tat.I.'
. III repl}'1nr, to It. rec-nt attack UPOIl the :redera1 BU"al1 ot
InYe..'l,ltaUon and the np101ge 101&1t1 program in thlt federal Ooyen.mell\
ill general. Mr. J. ~ Hoon:" 1frit1~ ill the Yd. ,Loy Journal.
deu1ea. 'hftt wiretappin,r wa. UlIed 14 the e=plore8 10y,,1t7 ?J':'lgn:!l u4 .
enened that ~ile it 11 no 1ecret tl1at the :Dun'lu doe. tr., te1e~nel
ill ~ Iblite\l tne of C3.... this 1a ~l1e oAly lIIith the .::r:pT8i. a'PJ)~va1
1n ucb uatanC8 at the .1Uorne1 General. Blhi onl.T 1Jl case. bTOlnDg
e!lplo~. ea)o'e&", ~ra.. riska to the inhrnal eeeurit7 of the aatioa.
OT' ca..1 1Jl vb1cb bmIan Un. are 1a Jeopardy. In the fey ca"l vh1eh
ha.,. arl.ell iD th••e categariel lIT predece.sors ban fro. U.e to U..
authorised. the iJlltal1attoD ot technical interception dmc".. this
he' baa -':'een free4' ackno,,1ed&ed. by the le,.eral Attorney. GeJleral .ue1
b1 the Director of the lederal hrelU1 of %IlndigaUoll. a 11 the
lIlnrlaUa praoUce. of course. in accorQ.ance Yith SeoUon 605 of the
Co.-unlcaUolll J.ct to au. DO prohibited 41.cloaure ot web lDtercepte4
lilt01'11&'1 0 Il.
!he report of the lIaUonal La",.e" Qai14 Yill P'll"!'Orted17
enUche the pracUce of the :Federal !ured ot IIl?.UpUon 1Jl
oyell11l& -.11. It a.. beeD tbe 10~ dllJl4J.~ pracUce of lIl.,..UptiYe
~Ilcle. to uUllse :1&11 COTeT'S. '!'hie it eDU1"817 Illl\horized b7 lav.

. ;.
468
-3-
IIIPruJlC the crUlcl" ci~ 'the' »a.reaa'l~r..pe~ to the alleced: .
illegal aearchel. it 11 the prsctlce ot the l'1lI. vhnenr 'poulUe,
to procure lI1u"1"anh 1n ad:Yance of arreat. It 11 01111 ill the ',' .
Q1ltual c..... euch .e the CoploD c.... that an lndl'1"1d'Q4l i,'
apprehended an4 ...rebea. lD uTance ot proc:u.J"Ug a warrant. !'hI.
~"'1" i. eraahcl 111' 8tatute.
lD Tlew of ue fact ~; ~rtl"DtaUT8' ot ui...aUoBal
ta",e1"l Cv.114 01" cen.t1L ~eJ'llO.' 'Peaking b their lIeha11' rill
ua40llhhd17 aUeapt. t.o contsZ' wUh 70U lJl the JleU' tutUre 1JI ,..prcl
~.~ t.he. ps;o'po.~~~~eUgaUoD of the 'PracUce. of the 7ed.eral llunua
ot In••UgaUon. r tbou.cbt )'O1l 1ho1l14 ha.... \he beneti' of the tach
..t. tonh,i:Bl.thl •.1'''01''. ,
':he ,n,••tdb\
fh&'~t. ioi••

469
EXHIBIT 35-10
""ICE OF THE DIRECTOR
jfe~ernl iBurenu of Innestigntian
Unibll stnbll 13epnrtment of YUlItire
m<fllqingtan Z5, :a. G'.
January 14, 1950
PR.r.smlAL', CONF!DDfT!A.L
BY SPSCL\L !.ESSE:iGER
lIajor General HaIT"'J Hawkins Vaughan
~lltaIj' Aide to the President
The ,'fnite House
'.1ashington, D. C.
Dear General Vaughan:
I believe that the President and you will be interested in
the foll~1ing information concerning the pro?osed activities of the
National Larryers Guild.
You will recall that by letter dated Dece::lber 7, 1949" the
Attorney Genera.L advised tl'le President that t,.'le National Larr;ers Guild
was preparing a re!,ort attackin;; the AdJ'n'-:'nistration, and tl'le De;>artnent
o=: Justice in particular, on the basis of the reports of this Bu=eau
mde public at the 2spionage trial of, J',l.d.:lttl_Coploniin :'iashington, n. c.
in :,:a:t ar:d June, 1949. In ,lis letter of December 7, 1949,' the ....ttorney
Gcne:-,H also advised the President that the Guild 110uld possibly make an
atte:l?t to arran;:-e a con':erer.ce -.Tith the President ar.d the httornay
::-ene~.3.1 :"ollo7ring Yrhich t~le :'eport 0:' the Guild l'Toulrj be.pele:l3ed.
A. confiaential SO'lree has nO'il advised t,mt the ~'e?ort of
the National La,eyers Guild has been practica.Lly coc!,13ted a,~ ~~at
!ox. l~obert Silberstein of the Guild had sc~eduled a press con.ference
on January 1;, 1950, in connection lTitil the Guild's re?ort but hac!
chan;;ed his mind and is no',r a ttenpting to arrange an appointment 71i.th
tile President. This source rej)orted that in the evelIt that 1,:r.
Silberstein does not o~tain an a!,!,o~n~~ent TIith ~~e President by
T~esday, January 17, 1950, he plans to arr-L'ge a press conference to
be held on January 20, 1950, at which time the ~fation31 La,f"/ers Guild
report ~ll be released.
':rith e:qressions of my highest esteem,
Sincere1~ yours,

470
EXHIBIT 36
POLITICAL ABUSE AND THE FBI:
STAFF REPORT
Introduction
The political abuse of the FBI did not begin in the 1960's.
Although this Committee has concentrated its investigations on
the events of the 60's and 70's, the story cannot be fully
understood by looking at just the last fifteen years. Therefore.
the first objective of this report is to layout some of the
historical c~text for more recent political abuses of the Bureau.
The second objective is to describe some of the results of
our investigation which show the various types of political
abuse to which the FBI is susceptible. Some have been in response
of
to the desires/the Bureau's superiors. O~,ers have been generated
by the Bureau itself. And ~,ere is the added possibility. suggested
by some of the documents we have seen and some of the witnesses we
have interviewed. that certain political abuses resulted from
the inexorable dynamics of the FBI's intelligence gathering
process itself. In other words, that the FaI intelligence system
developed to a point where no one inside or outside the Bureau
was willing or able to tell the difference between legitimate
national security or law enforcement information and purely
political intelligence.
lihether any particular abuse resulted from outside demands.
from the FBI's own desires, or from the nature of the intelligence
process is a question for the Committee to answer when all the
evidence is in.471
-~-
Historical Background
The historical background of political abuse of the FBI
involves at least three dimensions. The first is the Bureau's
subsurvience to the Presidency, its willingness to carry out
White House requests without question. When L. Patrick Gray
as Acting FBI Director destroyed documents and gave FBI reports
to Presidential aides whom the FBI should have been investigating
after the Wa~rgate break-in, he just carried to the extreme
an established practice of service to the White House. The other
side of this practice was the Bureau's volunteering political
intelligence to its superiors, not in response to any specific
request. And the third historical dimension was the FBI's
concerted effort to promote its public image and discredit its
critics.
Early examples of the Bureau'S willingness to do the
President's bidding occur under Franklin D. Roosevelt. In 1940
it complied with a request to run name checks, open files, and
make reports on hundreds of persons who sent telegrams to the
President that were -- to quote the letter from the President's
secretary to J. Edgar Hoover -- "all more or less in opposition
to national defense," or that expressed approval of Colonel
Charles Lindbergh's criticism of the President.
Another example came to light in recent years when Major
General Harry Vaughn, who was President Truman's military aide,
disclosed that President Roosevelt had ordered wiretaps on the
66-077 o· 76 - 31472
-Jhome
telephones of his closest aides. Shortly after I1r.
Truman had taken office, someone had presented General Vaughn
with transcripts of the wiretaps. He took them to President
Truman who said, according to General Vaughn, "I don't have
time for that foolishness." This story is generally confirmed
by the Committee staff's inquiry into J. Edgar Hoover's
·"Official and Confidential Files," where an index to the logs
of these wir~aps was located.
Historical illustrations of the FBI's practice of volunteering
political intelligence to its superiors appear in
virtually every Administration. President Roosevelt's Attorney
General Francis Biddle recalled in his autobiography how J.
Edgar Hoover shared with him some of the "intimate details"
of what his fellow Cabinet members did and said, "their likes
and dislikes, their weaknesses and their associations."
Attorney General Biddle confessed that he enjoyed hearing these
derogatory and sometimes "embarrassing" stories and that Director
Hoover "knew how to flatter his superior."
President Truman and his aides received regular letters
from Hoover labeled "Personal and Confidential" and containing
tid-bits of pOlitical intelligence. Sometimes they reported
on possible Communist influence behind various lobbying efforts,
such as activities in support of civil rights legislation.
On other occasions they reported allegations that a Communist
sympathi~er had helped write a Senator's speech and inside473
-4-
information about the negotiating position of a non-communist
labor union. Some of the letters were undoubtedly of political
value to the President. One related the activities of a former
Roosevelt aide who was trying to influence the Truman Administration's
appointments. Another advised that the FBI had learned from a
confidential source that a "scandal" was brewing and that it
would be "very embarrassing to the Democratic Administration."
if'
A third contained the report of a "very confidential source"
about a meeting of newspaper representatives in Chicago to plan
publication of a series of stories exposing organized crime and
corrupt politicians. The stories were going to be critical of the
Attorney General and the President. The Truman ~'hite House also
received a copy of an FBI memorandum reporting the contents of
an in-house communication Lrom Newswee~ magazine renorters to
their editors about a story they had obtained from the State
Department.
An example from the Eisenhower Administration shows how
White House requests and FBI initiative were sometimes mixed
Director
together. President Eisenhower asked/lloover to brief the Cabinet
on racial tensions in early 1956. What the Cabinet received
was a report not only on incidents of violence, but also on
the activities of Southern Governors and Congressmen in groups
opposing integration, as well as the role of Communists in
civil rights lobbying efforts and the NAACP's plans to push for
legislation. No one appears to have questioned the propriety474
-5-
of the FBI reporting such political intelligence, or Director
Hoover's competence to do so.
The third source of abuse throughout thc Bureau's history
was its concern for its image and hostility to any critics.
One example each from the Truman and Eisenhower years shOl~s
how the Bureau checked and reported on its critics. In 1949
the National Lawyers Guild planned to issue a report denouncing
FBI surveilla~ce activities revealed in a court case. The FBI
provided the Attorney General advance information from its
sources about the Lawyers Guild plans, as well as a full report
on everything about the group in Bureau files. Attorney General
Howard 11cGrath passed the reports on to the President, and
J. Edgar Hoover advised the White House directly about lastminute
changes in the Guild's plans. The FBI's inside information
gave the Attorney Ceneral the opportunity to prepare a
rebuttal well in advance of the expected criticism.
The second instance took place in 1960, when the Tennessce
Advisory Committee to the U.S. Civil Rights Commission announced
it would investigate charges by the Knoxville Area f1uman
Relations Council that federal agencies, including the FBI,
were practicing racial discrimination. The FBI conducted name
checks on the eleven members of the Council's board of directors.
The results were sent to Attorney General William Rogers,
Deputy Attorney General Lawrence Walsh, and Special Assistant
to the Attorney General Harold R. Tyler, Jr. Derogatory475
-6-
information on four of these individuals included allegations
of subversive connections from as far back as the late 30's
and early 40's, an allegation that one board member had ·corrupt
political associates" in 1946, and the characterization of
another as having "unorthodox attitudes" and sending flowers
and "mash" notes to a woman in his church. The FBI's report
also made the flat statement, "As you know, this Bureau does
not practice ~acial segregation or discrimination." (The
Committee will recall that it has previously received information
as to the number of black FBI agents in the early 1960's.)
Thus, the Bureau's more distant history shows the development
of its political services for higher authorities and its
concern for its own political position.
2. "Name Chec~" hbuses
The staff's investigation of alleged abuses in the 1960's
and 70's discloses a wide variety of questionable "name
c;'eeks", sometimes for Presidents ana sometimes
in the Bureau's own interest.
An examination of these "name check" reports sho,·/s the
peculiarly damaging nature of the Bureau's practice. No new
investigation was done to verify the allegations stored away
for years in FBI files. Anything anyone ever told the FBI
about the individual was pulled together, including charges
that the Bureau may never have substantiated. FBI files
inevitably inclUde misinformation.because people bear grudqcs476
or make mistakes. Sometimes the Bureau verifies the charge;
but frequently there is no reason to do so, and it is just
recorded in .the files. Such charges can be retrieved by a
"name check" and reported without further substantiation.
The request by the Nixon White House for a "name check"
on CBS correspondent Daniel Schorr, which the FBI turned into
a full field investigation, has been examined extensively
elsewhere. ~e staff has determined that President Johnson
asked for "name check" reports on at least seven other journalists,
including NBC commentator David Brinkley, Associated Press
reporter Peter Arnett, and columnist Joseph Kraft ..
Another political abuse of FBI "name checks" occurred in
the closing days of the 1964 Presidential election campaign,
when Johnson aide Bill Moyers asked the Bureau to report on all
person's employed in Senator Goldwater's office. Moyers has
publicly recounted his role in the incident, and his account is
confirmed by FBI documents.
Some of President Johnson's requests parallel those of
President Roosevelt twenty-five years earlier. The FBI complied
with White /louse requests for name checks on dozens of persons
who signed telegrams critical of U.S. Vietnam policy in 1965.
The names of other Presidential critics were also sent to the
Bureau to be checked and reported on, as were the names of

477
critics of the Warren Commission. The FBI also volunteered
reports on Presidential critics.
The White House requests for "name checks" are episodic
in comparison to the "name checks" conducted as a matter of
systematic Bureau policy for the use of FBI Director Hoover.
The Crime Records Division prepared "name check" memoranda
Director
for/Hoover regularly on Congressmen, other public officials,
and prominen~.~ersons of interest to the Director. Many of
f.
these special memoranda were filed by the Crime Records Division.
Director
Others found their way into/Hoover's "Official and Confidential
Files." The Committee staff has located in these "0 and C
files" such special memoranda on the author of a critical book
about the FBI, and on all the members of the Senate Subcommittee
chaired by Senator Long which threatened to investigate the
FBI in the mid-1960's. Some of these "name check" reports and
special memoranda contained derogatory information, and in the
ease of the author, information from his income tax returns and
personal information about his wife. The reports on members of
the Long Committee were compiled in a briefing book, with tabs
on each Senator.
Therefore, these incidents demonstrate the potential for
abuse inherent in the Bureau's unregulated "name check" procedure.
White House requests by-passed the Attorney General, and the
FBI Director's own requests took place totally wi~lin the Bureau.
The real meaning of the long-standing fear that the PBI had

478
-9-
so-called "dossiers" on Congressmen and other prominent persons
was that FBI officials could have "name check" reports prepared
for his use on anyone he desired to know more about.
3. Abuse of FBI Investigative Powers
The next category is abuse of the
FBI's investigative powers. There is a vivid example under the
Kennedy Administration involving the FBI's late night and early
morning intertiews of a Steel company executive and several
reporters who had written stories about the Steel executive.
Former Assistant FBI Director Courtney Evans, who was informal
liaison with Attorney General Kennedy, has told the Committee
that he was given no reason for the request.
Another example arises out of the Bobby Baker case.
In 1965 the FBI declined a request of the Justice Department
Criminal Division to "wire" a~itness in the investigation of
f.ormer Johnson Senate aide Bobby Baker. Although the FBI
refused on grounds that there was not adequate security, the
Criminal Division had the Bureau of Narcotics in the Treasury
Department "wire" the witness as a legitimate alternative.
When the Baker trial began in 1967 this became known. Presidential
aide Marvin Watson told the FBI that President Johnson
was quite "exercised", and the FBI was ordered to conduct a
discrete "run-down" on the head of the Criminal Division in
1965 and four persons in Treasury and the Narcotics Bureau,
including specifically any asso~iations with former Attorney
General Robert Kennedy.
Another incident occurred in 1966 when Mr. Watson re

national security electronic surveillance of foreign intelintelligence
about United States Senators to the White House
which was ob~ined as a by-product of otherwise legitimate
479
-10-
quested that the FBI monitor the televised hearings of the
Senate Foreign Relations committee on Vietnam and prepare a
memorandum comparing statements of Senators Fulbright and
Morse with "the Communist Party Line."
At the request of President Johnson made directly to
FBI executive Cartha DeLoach, the FBI passed purely political
/\1'
f I
ligence targets. This practice also continued under the NiXO~,r\:·m.~\tY.\\
Administration at the request of Mr. H. R. Haldeman. 1_\'
It is more difficult to place the label "abuse" automatically
on Presidential requests for electronic surveillance \~.J<~
to investigate leaks of classified information. Attorney ;"i~~
General Kennedy authorized wiretaps in 1962 on New York Times tY
reporter Hanson Baldwin and his secretary, and they lasted for
about one month. The wiretaps under the Nixon Administration
of journalists and current or former White }louse and other
Executive officials have been widely pUblicized. The staff's
inquiry into this matter has determined that, according to
available records, at least one of these wiretaps had nothing
to do with "leaks" and was conducted solely for personal information
about the target. Nevertheless, the wiretapping to
a.nd KATZEI\J8Ac It
investigate "leaks" under Attorney General KennedYAand of
President Roosevelt's aides 'were undoubtedly precedents J. Edgar

most sensitive details of the plans and tactics of persons
Kissinger in 1969 that wiretaps had been used for these
Hoover had in mind when he told President Nixon and Dr.
480
-11-
.y
purposes in the p~st. .J"1\
Another abuse of FBI investigative powers under the -~t
. Johnson Administration was the surveillance conducted a~~\~~
1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City.~The . ~~
~
supporting tne Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party delegate
challenge went to the White House from the FBI's wiretap
on Dr. King, and other types of FBI surveillance. The responsible
White House official at the time, Mr. Walter Jenkins,
has told the Committee that he can recall no political use
made of these reports. Nevertheless, an unsigned document has
been located at the Johnson Library recording at least one
political use of Mr. DeLoach's phone ~eports.
As Theodore H. White's account of the 1964 campaign makes
clear, the most important single issue that might have disturbed
President Johnson at the Atlantic City Conventi90 was the
Mississippi challenge. And the FBI's own inquiry into the
Atlantic City events reports several FBI agents' recollection
that one purpose of the Bureau operation was to help avoid
-embarrassment to the President.- The Committee must weigh all
the evidence in deciding whether this abuse of the FBI resulted
from a White HOURe request, from FBI officials volunteering information
to serve and please the President, or from a legitimate
civil disorders intelligence operation which got out of hand

481
-I~-
because no one was willing to shut off the political intelligence
by-product.
It should also be noted that an aide to Vice President
Hubert Humphrey contacted the FBI to request assistance at the
1968 Chicago convention. Nothing appears to have come of this
request, largely because Attorney General Ramsey Clark turned
down FBI requests for authorization to wiretap protest demonstration
leadrrs at the Chicago convention.
Finally, there are two additional examples of political
abuse of the FBI or by the FBI in the 1970's. In July 1971,
three months after the supposed end of FBI COINTELPRO ~perations,
the FBI leaked to a newsman derogatory pUblic record information
about Daniel Ellsberg's lawyer. Copies ~f the article
were sent to the Attorney General, the Deputy Attorney General,
and Presidential aide H. R. Haldeman, with the specific
approval of Director Hoover, with no indication it was generated
by the FBI. In May 1970, the FBI provided Vice President
Agnew at his request with derogatory public record information
and other allegations about Rev. Ralph David Abernathy,
the President of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
This occurred following a telephone conversation
between Director Hoover and Mr. Agnew during which, according
to FBt records, the Vice President "ssid he thouqht~he~(j;~.
.~~./
#~~~
~'l~
~~ I

482
-13-
to have to start destroying Abernathy's credibility."
Thus, in summary, political abuse of the FBI and by the
FBI has extended over the years through Administrations of
both parties.

483
-14-
ADDENDUM TO STAFF REPORT ON POLITICAL ABUSE AND THE FBI: The
Johnson Administration and Mrs. Anna Chennault
According to materials provided to the Committee by the
FBI, President Johnson asked the FBI to conduct physical ~~'
P£O/-iflL'iAJr !:{/,n5l (0'11/ ,,'Jf.! tfl/Nt
surveillance of Mrs. Anna Chennaultljbn October 30. 1968 in
the final days Jf the election campaign. The FBI instituted
this surveillance to cover her activities in Washington, .D.C.,
and New York City. The results of this physical surveillance
were disseminated to J. Bromley Smith, Executive Secretary of
the National Security Council, who had conveyed Johnson's
request to Cartha DeLoach of the FBI. On November 7, 1968,
Smith called DeLoach and stated that President Johnson wanted
the FBI to abandon its physical surveillance of Mrs. Chennault.
On November 13, 1968, at the instruction of President
Johnson, the FBI checked the toll call telephone records in
Alb~uerque, New J~.exico, to determine if Vice Pres idential
candidate Spiro Agnew had called Mrs. Chennault or the South
Vietnamese Embassy on November 2, 1968, when he was in Albuquerque.
No such records were located. President Johnson was furnished
with this information on November 13, 1968. Also, the arrival
and departure times of Agnew in and out of Albuquerque on
November 2, 1968, were verified at the request of the I~ite
House.

484
-15-
The FBI has reviewed its files on this matter and has
advised that the apparent reason the White House was interested
in the activities of Mrs. Chennault and Spiro Agnew was
to determine whether the South Vietnamese had secretly been
in touch with supporters of Presidential candidate Nixon,
possibly through Mrs. Chennault, as President Johnson was
apparently suspicious that the South Vietnamese were trying
to sabotage his peace negotiations in the hope that Nixon
would win the election and then take a harder line towards
North Vietnam.
The FBI also states that physical surveillance of Mrs.
Chennault was consistent with FBI responsibilities to determine
if her activitias were in violation of certain provisions of
the Foreign Agents Registration Act (Section 601, et seq.,
Title 22, USC) and of the Neutrality Act (Section 953,
Title 18, USC).
(Further details of these events involving eI~ctronic
surveillance remain classified "Top Secret".)

485
-16-
SECOND ADDENDUM TO STAFF REPORT ON POLITICAL liBUSE liND TilE FBI:
Additional Electronic Surveiallance
In addition to the wiretap on New York Times
reporter Hauson Balcl~lin in 1962, the Committee has
received materials from the FBI reflecting authorization
by Attorney General Robert Kennedy of a wiretap on a
reporter for Newsweek magazine in 1961 during the investigation
of another. leak of classified information.
~.
Further materials reflect authorization by Attorney
General Nicholas Katzenbach of a wiretap on the editor
of an anti-Communist newsletter in 1965, also during the
investigation of a leak of classified information.
The Committee has received materials from the
FBI reflecting authorization by Attorney General Robert
F. Kennedy of wiretaps on at least six American citizens,
including three Executive Branch officials, a Congressional
staff member, and two registered lobbying agents for
foreign interests. The materials also reflect that these
wiretaps related to an investigation of efforts by
foreign interests to influence United States economic
policies.

486
EXHIBIT 37
July 6, 1971
Mr. Mohr:
~
Re: LEONARD B. BOUDIN
ATTORNEY FOR DANlEL ELLSBERG
By memorandum R. D. Cotter to C. D. Brennan
dated June 28, 1971, it was recommended and approved that
pertinent information concerning Boudin's sympathy for
communist causes be' used in connection '''ith the Mass Media Program. I.
InfOl,llation concerning the sympathy of Boudin for communist
causes, his legal services in behalf of an accused soviet espionage agent
and his pOSition as legal representative of the Castro Cuban Government
in this coun(:ry for a decade, was called to the attention of Ray McHugh,
Chief of the Washington Bureau, Copley News Service, by the Crime
Records Division. Attached is a copy of a release prepared by M:cHugh
dated July 1, 1071, concerning BOUdin. This news release cE:l'tclinly putb
Boudin in his proper light as a communist and soviet apologisJ.
REC·~
I I] b1!lJlJ
I
For information.
\
Ene. T. E. Bishop
ACTION

489
U:'>Irn:D STATES GO '{N~IENT
Memorandum
TO
fH.O\1
Mr. BiSh1'1"'~' DATE 2/26/68 ,)...),\~<&./.
M. ~'1C", (0 / ~. ,
LEONARD B BOUDIN c.Y\' ~I ~I? \ "t·,.....,( ATTORNEY FOR DR. BEN,TAMIN SPOCK 1" G~·.11) ~~ -II I J
INFORMATION CONCERNING 0;' I ,(
::; -/
Leonard B. Boudin of the firm of Rabinowitz and
Boudin, New York City, is listed as Spo('k's Attorney of Record ill
connectioll with Spock's recent indictment for conspiring to violate
the Selective Service Act.
o
L ,,,,,·\..1') Boudin is well known to the Bureau. He is
Attached is a memorandum setting forth public source
information concerning Boudin's actiVities over th(; years. The White
House and Attorney General have been advised.
RECOMMENDATION: . '"1'\ 'nl
tktl-':JJ
That approval be' ipven to furnishing the attached information
to one of our friendly newspaper contacts. .:. . - •... - .•... ~~
~(I":~ ~ •.":;:,,t;.- ...1L\~lGQ
, ....l . , . 6 SEP 6 1q~"
~~~ ...t-
~ .+~'t
1 - Mr. DeLoach - Enclosure)
'1 - Mr. Bishop - Enclosure
1 - Mr. Gale ~ Enclosure
1·- Mr. Sullivan - Enclosure"
'//, (7) ,/
,/ _~{!h'~U: ''.-:..:.( ,
f..-, '. ' '"". 1'1: ,0.:"" .... , (11 ....1<\ ~.. )
I q:(lll'_f~(I[ "" ~t .... , •..."',t
Hi£? '9- 19,')", i iDGtl /~.,
" ' d-'
.'.

493
EXHIBIT 38-2
.lviemorandum
"!<OM G.' C. Moorefl t...
TO Mr. W, C, Sullivan /lAn, 5/18/70
SUIUf.CT, RALPH DAVID AIlERNATHY
. RACIAL MATTERS
Pursuant to the request made by iSH! lJirector
today (5/18/70), there is attached information for thE,
Vice President regarding militant statements by Ralph
David Abernathy, the President of the Sou thern Chri s ti an
Leadership Conference, which statements invite violence.
Information is also included to the Vice President I regarding an incident involving [dt"\-'fJC"'h..,·y pv\o.t.c. 1'"~(:(.•••\ iU(-C.r·,,,c~t'C''''J
I .
I
On 5/18/70, Abernathy announced a march against
violence, brutality, and killing at Atlanta, Georgia, on
Saturday, 5/23/70. At this march, the names of the Nation's
"Ten Most Unwanted Politicians" will be revealed.
If you approve, the attached lette/ will be sent
to the Vice President.
Enclosures~
.r_ /"'-7..2...-.
:ST-lOS
ELY: ~~
u r'-l.?<!
'70JUN 3 -tOW

494
EXHIBIT 38-3
thy 19, 1~70
BY" 'LII\ISOil
Honorable Spi ro T. L:;nCl'l
,TI1C Vice frcGidQnt
Washington, D. C.
Dear Nr. \Ticc Prc:;ident:
In r8:JpoilSC to your request, there is attached
infor;nation rcgardin~ lJJilitc.nt :;tatcmcnts by Ralph J)llvlcL
t.bernathy l:ho, althcn;<.;h h~ advocates nonviolence, has
invited violcnce by SO~Je of his 1e ,tate.'llencs. The materlal
also includes ir:[0::;:1:1tlon Qbout \-t." \>c,,,,,t-e.. \;fti:L
ld" ..c,")a.4;-.-y '?""\;c;. r~ ..<o·(~ ',ok",.A;c,,] J _
end his support of the lllack Panther
l'arty.
For your infotluation, f.bernathy on ~lay 18, 1970,
=QI.mced a march ag<:l.i.U!it violp.nce, brutality. anel killinB
to be held in ~tlnr.ta, Georeia, on SQturday, rmy 23, 1970.
Abenlathy said that the nnmes of the llation's "Ten t105t
Unwanted Politidans" ~rill be revealed dUring this march.
I~NCLOSURE
Sincer~ly yours,
---
MAY 20 197D
Enclosure -- -
• (8)
HOTE:
See me.110r'lnclum G. C. Noore to W. C. Sullivan d,",t"d
caption~el "11alph David Abernathy, Ra~ial Hatter;;,"
by
5/18/70,
_ rrepared
4 MIlY 26 7970 __~

503
EXHIBIT 40-1
''', ....-.,"" •• , ,," ''''''0"' --
0" t' .. IPO ,..0 IP
UNITLlJ STATI:.'; (;OVI:IZN~II:NT
DATE; January 20, 1075
FROM
MH. CALLAHAN
I
\\,\~, ./
: H. N. 1311.5581'1'\ r
SUUJ£CT SPECIAL SQUAD AT DEi\IOCnATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION
ATLANTIC CITY, NEW JEHSEY, 8/22 - 28/(j1
Heference is madct to my previous,memorandum captioned as above,
dated 1/28/75 (copy attached). That which follows elaborates somewhat on
various clements of our special coverage of the IOG1 Democratic National Convention
(DNC) and amplifies certain aspects of our operations lherein.
A ;eview of I3ureau file on the Mississippi Freedom Democratic
Party (i\lFDP) indicates the file was opened to reply to a request from
Walter Jenkins, Special ASi;islant to President Johnson, for a name check on
MFDP <lnd certain persons r.onnected th'~rewith. He was advised. "FBI has
never conducted an investic;;llion of the MFDP and its files contain no record
of it." Hesults of name checl;s on certain indivitLI<lls were set forth ta.;ether
with pUblic source data from the 7/21/G'1 edition of the Washinglon Post and
-an-iJltttt+l'-jtlt-a(-e-17r+He-W-a~lri~n;ton Fie lr1 Office on 7/21/G4 at the.local office
of the 1\'IFDP on general infol111ation on its Objectives ;,nd identity o[ its staff
members. This infol111ation was set forth in a blind memorandum to Mr.
Jenkins dated 7/22/G4.
On 8/21/(3,), rcspOJ;(1jn[~ to a l'E":<ll!cst dated 8/10/G4 from Mr. John
Doar of Ule Civil Hip,hts DivisiCln of til(> j)';parfmenl, memOlancia were sent to
Deputy Attorney Gelleral K;lL~r.'nlJach, ;';rnr had requested !lame checks on 49,
persons in the r-l.FDP leader~,"iJl and cl)!1vention r1cl<~;ation members. The :
nlCnlflJ:ll'd:l ,l..:1;Jl,prI. "This lJ~::-·p~i.U ::,lS ;1r;; Cltll.Lled :liiv iilV(~slj!·.atinn cOllccrllin~~
the tllissi,;,'ippi FI:ccdullJ DClllC,crati,: l';l d:,' Ilor has j't t;il~r;n aity steps to idedHy
party !Ill: nluers. "
. It should be noted Ill:'.! tllrce civil ri,;hts wrrkers who traveled to
MississilJpi were discover"r1 missin!; ();l (;/22/G4 :Jncl iheir autoniobiJe found
burned 0;\ G/23/G'I, Oil 6/2:1/(;'1 l're'::i':':dt .Johnson IVai; advised o[ these facts
and requcslcd tul'r: I,ept aware of all a,~:x,r.ts of the il1v,:::ligation which had
Leen requested bv the Civil l~i:.'hfs DiI'i"":l of the )):;j>arfmenl of Justice d the
Fill. The three beAlil'G of 111(::,(; \'!Orkcl'" \'.'<:1'1; [olllld Ihcreaner on 8/4/G4.
On 8/2;I/G'I: a'flat~be·:Ull~U.'iI' w.ilh a burned car on it appe:Jred in Atlantic City,
New Jersey, and It wa"'/a'iJ0':."'~d to be th" :lutOllJObLb u[ the three Jllurdered
f- i' ! ) .' I' '" Enclosul'ClJ: 1\ ,(,.tlt'''(I!~ ('f>, Iv\. ,·.... -",16
I til' '<' " • '[:" "1.'
. - CS.• l s.. (7) :{, .I .·Ii .11 " • , '-j /'/, ,I
CONTINt:,-:l; - OVEH ",' _,
66·077 0 - 76 • 33

504
, \lemorandulll to 1\11". Callahan
lU!; Special Squad at Demucralic National Cllnvention
Atlantic Cily, New Jersey, 8/22 - 28/(j4
civil rights workers in Mississippi. Furthermore, information was received
that the parents of one of lliese individuals would appear al a rally during lhe
DNC.
On 8/25/64 Assislant Director Carlha DeLoach telephoned a memorandum
to Mr, Mohr from Atlanlic City 10 Ihe effect information from Waller Jenltins
apd informanls indicated Ihe question of seatin~~ the MFDP delegales was expected
to reach the floor of the DNC the evening of i/25/64. He said "The crucial point
of the convention in so far as possible violence is concerned will occur helween
4:30 p.m. and 6:30 p.m. this afternoon. If lhe Mississippi Freedom Democratic
Party is not seated then the unruly clements within the Nel;ro group will possibly
attempt to deinonstrate." DeLoach indicated Ihat every effort was being extended
to coyer developments pertinent to this possible violent situation.
There follows uncleI' appl'opriate caption in summary form infol'mation
relative to OU1' coverage at ihe DNC.
COVEnAGE RELATIVE TO POTENTIAL CIVIL UNREST,
,DE:l\IONSTRATIONS AND 1'0SSII3LE VIOLEN.~ _
A review of the summaries furnishp,c1 to Walter Jenltins by Mr. DeLoach
during the DNC indicates over 25 separate enlries dealing wilh demonstrations
insofar as their times, places, groups involved. number of participants, and
general nature thereof were concerned. A g:)'(~;;t majority of the Bureau personnel
still on aclil'e duty who were assigned tolhis special squad in Atlantic City
have indicated that the a((aining of intelligelll:'~ iuformation relative to possible
violent civil disorders was lhe primary purpo~<l of Iheir efforts during the DNC.
(iur cO\'eragein this r~ganl '.1':105 J'i'U')){1r! IJll'Oll~;h ,,;·:·lciJi;;iI'e informant
covcrage at ,\Uallli,; Cily :,.,1 :'IS a result of illh'nllatiOIl rcech'cd h'olll informants
in olher parIs of the counll; ;IS well. Additir>!I"lly, we utilized Agcnts in various
undercover capacities to llc'''clop such in[orlll:'lli,>I\. l'"urthel"more, a great deal
of information in lhis re{:ard was, ill fact, !'(·('·,j·;ed as a rc~ull of the technical
coveral~e Milized, Where aplll'Opri:lle, the inf:'nnation ol)[a incd was dissem inated
to the U. S. ~ecn~t Service and other interesle"; law enfurcemcnt aGencies as
well.
,ACTIVITIES ImLATIVE TO TilE P;~O'I'ECT~~:~OF THE PHESIDENT
- 2 - CONTI:><Ulm - OVEn
£J(:lA review of the inlerviews of the pn·:'jO\I~Iy mentioned special squad
. pcrsonnc! still on active duly 1'OS indicaled thili a llIajol'i[y of thcm fell that t1l1li r
li LU.

505
!l'lel11or:lndul11 to 1\1r. Callahan .
He: Spccial Squad at Del110cratic National Convention
Atlantic CIty, New Jersey, 8/22 - 2U/G4
assib'llment in P:lrt was rclated tothe aU~l11cnting of the U. S. Secret.Service insofar
as tile protection of the President was concerned. One A~ent indicated
thatl3ure:l.\1 personnel did, in fact, actively ass'isl in the protection of the
President and his family while they were at the DNC.
A review of Dureau file ~aptioned "Disruplion of Democratic
National Convention. lnfonnation Concerning (Internal Security)" did not reveal
any information directly relating to tb6 pl·olc.,ctioJl of the President.
A review of the DeLoach summaries to 1\11'. Jenkins indicated one
inst;\nce where a demonstration was planned to t:l!;e place upon tile President's
arrival at convention hall and another incident which revealed a breach of
security whic'h allowed an individual to enter the convention hall and proceed
directly to the podium -area. 111is information was furnished immediately to
Ule U. S. Secret Service.
Illform;\tion is conlained in the interviews of the fDrmer special squad
personnel that FBI Agents were utilized in supplementing U. S. Secret Service
persDnnel on the cDnvefition hall floor.
lIHOR/liATION D~PJili-OFPOSSIBLE POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE
A further review of the DeLoach summaries revealed approximately
20 separate items which do not -:l:ppear to relate directly with possible cidl
unrest - demonsll·::J.tj.ons Dr with the protection of the President. These items
were developed as a result of the various types of covera!;e we had at the DNC
but a r:rcat number thereof were obtained throuf!h our technical coverage. A
sampling of these. items includes the following:
1" .
·2. Informant information received that Congressnl7ln Adam Clarton
Powell was carrying a revolver.
'. :
3. Informant information I'elative to National Assdciation for the
Advanccmcnt of Colored People planning a mccting at a church.
4. Informant relative to King's speakin:; bcforc various slale delcgatioas.
Q~l. :;llllll~.
I~UJ
- 3 -' CONTINUED - OVEn

506
, MemOl'andum to 1\1 r. Callahan
He: Special Squad at Democratic National Convention
Atlantic City, New Jersey, 1l/22 - 28/6'1
~. Information that the Congress of R'1.cial Equality headquarters in
Atlantic City was atlem pI in~ to have COllgressn1an Charles Diggs' oCIice in
Detroit, Michigan, picketed, claiming" he was "shakey."
Alle~ations in the press that the coverage of the mI was used to'
follow the actil'ities of Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy were not substantiated
in any way by file r.e,views. .' ,
A review of the statements furnished by the special squad personnel
includes various instances Where they relate a portion of their overall purpose
was to insure lhal lhere was nolhin!~ which would "embarrass the President."
One A[~ellt indicated thaI DeLoach 1;lace(1 cmphasi:; on lhe fad lhat the
PresideJlt did not WIsh to he 01J1I;arr;I~;secl jn all\, '.Va', and lIi;lt.~nrormalinn was
. , " to De g;llhered wJli.::h would assure lJlat lJICl'n ".",,1,\ h .. ,,~ I ••" " .
lwo statements were furnished by.
lin lhis regard.: One slales "f woufdlike 10 state (hat at no lime did
I e\'el' cOllsidel' thc above to be a political operation but it was obvious thai
DeLoach w:lnled 10 impI'ess ,Jenkins and i\loyers with the 13~lreau's ability 10
develop informalion which would he of inlerest 10 them" Fudhermore. in
response 10 a queslion as 10 whelh~r Ihe 13ureau's services were being utilized
,for jJolitical reasons, /answered, "No, I do recall, however. (hat
on one.occa.s,iYQ I was present when DeLoach held a lengthy lelephone conl'Cl'sation
\1/'i'lIi, Wallet Jenkins, They appeared ,to be dbcllssin~ Ihe President 's 'illlaL~e.•
,tlJ 1. - 4 - CONTINurm - OVER

507
EXHIBIT 40-2
Memorandum to ill l' . Callahan
He: Special Squad at Democratic Natioilal Convention
Atlantic Cily, New Jersey, 8/22 - 28/61
At the end of the conversation DeLoach told us something to the effect, 'that
may have sounded a little political to you but this doc:>n't do the Dureau allY
harm. '"
Other Agent personne 1 on the special squad indicated in the negative
insofar as the above question is concerned.
DISSEilUNATION
In addition to HIe summary memoranda furnished by DeLoach to
Mr. Jenkins, information is contained in Dureau file 100-442527, cited abO\'e,
that some of the same information was included in daily letters to the White
House and thtl Attorney General on current Racial Developments. There was
similar dis!ieminalion made to U. S. Secret Service, military intelligcnce
agencies and local authorities on a selected basis.
HECOl\ll\lENDED ACTION
For information. It should be noted the information contained
~herejn setting forth that the White House and the Department made rcquests
, in 1964 for inforiilation 11-01'1 bureau files concerning' the 11..1FDP has been
incorpOrated into a separate LIE\1 being prepared for the Deputy Attorney
General.
OC1 au 1;11)
FBI. - 5 -

508
Memorandum to 1\1r, Callahan
Re: Special Squad at Democratic National Convention
Atlantic City, New Jersey, 8/22 - 21.1!G4
- - _ The only information'located in BUl'eaU files concernin~
J
the special squad in Atlantic City was an ei~ht-paJ;e memorandum (copy attached)
with cnclosure located ill the file of DeLoach, This is a mcmorandum from
DeLoach to Mohr dated B!2D!G4 which sets forth that in connection with the
assignment of the special squad in Atlantic City at the direction of the President,
DeLoach wished to report the successful cOl}1pletion of this assi~nment. He
~tates that by means of informant coverage. use of various confidential techniques,
infiltration of key groups through use of undercover agents and through
utilization of Agents usinl!; appropriate cover as reporters. we were able to
eep the White House fully apprised of all major developments, DeLoach also
advised that 'immediate liaison was established in Atlantic City with Secret
Service as well as state and local police.
, This memorandum refers to highly confidential coverage of Marlin Luther
/ IKing and Bayard Hustin. along with sim ilar covel'age established on the lead-
. quarters of the Congress of R.lcial Equality (CORE) - Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee (SNCC). DeLoach states he was able to advise the
......- While House in a<lvancc QLalLplans made by these two sources and coverage
V "was hio"hly effective. DeLoach advises "with Bureau approval". he im'Ututed L,J(
coverage on COHE - SNCC headquarters at their meeting hall and OUI r.) •." ...'.'
penetrated the headquarters of the i\lississippi Fre~'loll1
DemocralicParty (two separate factions were contesting seats for the Mississippi
delegation and was a hi~hlig,ht of the convention) and through cooperation with the
management of news our A{;ents were furnisllCd, - press credentials,
DeLoach reported that 44 pages of intelligence data was disseminated to WaIter
Jenkins at the White House and to his memorandum he attached a copy of these
daily Sunllnaries elated 13/24. 2'1, 26, 27/(!·~, The:;:? ;;;i!mmaries.arc in effect
a runni",~ lo~~ of developments which took place at tile convcntiUlt. DeLoach also
statl's l,l' arranged Ior a lease lme between (JIC contl'l;t post at Atlantic City and
the Bureau. He concludes the memorandum by makin~; l'ecommendations that
personnel involved, namely 27 Agents, one radio nJ'.lintenance technician and
two stenographers of the Newark Office be commended. Mr. Hoover noted
DeLoach !;hould receive a meritorious award.
Bureau file seria:, reflects a memorandulll fl'olll Mr.
Hoover wherein Waller W. Jenkins, Special Assistanl to the President, called
.and stated the President wanted Jenkins to call the Director to express the
- 5 - CONTINUED - OVEn

509
Memorandum to Mr. Callahan
Re: Special Squad at Dcmocratic National Convention
. Atlantic City, New Jersey, 8/22 - 28/G4
. thought thc job tile Bureau had done in Atlantic City was one of the finest the
President had ever seen. According to this memorandum. Jenkins told i\lr.
Hoover there were a lot of bad clements up there and because of the work
some of thc Bureau people did they knew exactly where they:were and what •
they were-doin!!; and conseauentlv thev were not able to be' very effective
..
A thorough review of Bureau records, including a review of abstracts
of Mr. Hoover, ivir. Tolson, Mr. Ivlohr:as well as ilir. DeLoach. faIled l()
locate any memorandum or other document pertainin~ to a request having been
received from President Johnson or anvone at the \vllite House instruct in!!
~tlim-me I!BI atrord spcci;rlcu\'era!!e at 'the convention. It should be noted'lhat
at this time DeLoach was rcsponsible for liaison with the White House and had
a direct linc at his residence to the President so it wei! may be th::t this request
was made directly to DeLoach who in turn discussed it orally with ;\11'. HO:J';er
or 111'. Tolson but for one reason or another the request was never put in
writing.
STATE;\IE:'HS OF SPLCI:\L SQUAD PERSm;NEL STILL O~ ,\CTIVE DUTY
FHI'
-Mr. Delmont, Mr. W. C. Sullivan
. 011 1/2C/7:i the Insp~ctiol: Division dircctcd a telcl';:Jciilcarp0ratin:
12 qucstions to tlw 10 1I,~cnts :l.nd onc radio maintcn:lnce lL;~hnician wilo ar~
still on 'aclh'e duty and were with DcLoach at Atlanlic Cily. These quesli'J!!s
Were desi!!lled to havc the participating personnel furnish us with their rec'Jlleclion
as to thcir dutics anc! involvement at Atlantic Citv. Detailed respollses
were promptly received a:ld all personnel acl;nol'llcd~ed'their participation t'!1
the special squad under J)e Loach 's lcadership at the convcnllon. All rcspo!lded
there was no qucstion in their mind at the timc but that they were in Atlantic
City to fulfill thc FBI's jllri~diclicJlal responsihilities ancllhey did not ieel that
the purpose of the special squacl was political in nature. Basicall',' the inSil"\lCtions
to the A:;ents \'.ere to cleve leo :Jdvance i;lformalio!l rcrrardin'" 'a;w acts er .
intended. acts 10f violence pertaini'il~ to civil disturbancc~ that cOl~d a'rise dm'incr
l,J1.:.I, ao,l:j~.' '"
- 6 - CONTINUED - OVER

510
EXHIBIT 41
Seplember 10. 1964
PERSONAL
Honorable William D. Moyers
Special Assistant to the President
The White House
Washington, D. C; 20501
Dear "Bishop:"
Thank you for your very thoughtful and
generous note concerning our operation in Atlantic City.
Please be assured that it was a pleasure and privilege
to ha able to be of assistance to Llle Presiden~ and all
the boys that were with me felt honored in being selected
for the assignment.
I think everything worked out well, and
I'~=atwe were able to come through
wi vital~ b~m time to time which were of
as.siSailCeto you and Walter. You know you have only
to calIon us when a similar situation arises.
Thank you again for taking time out of your
busy day to write to me, and I hope we can get together
soon.
Sincerely, ~~
:COpy·
LYNDON aAmES JOHNSON LIBRA
•

WASHINGTON, D. C. 20036
512
EXHIBIT 43
AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPrl.~~f'IHII: 57
2000 L STREET. NORTHWEST .r~1 ~q,!-CC;'(;';lmlfJU
/,..ltl.i'JcNCf fiC1Jj'IJICI
202 466·5600
September 17, 1975
Mr. Mike Epstein
Staff Member
Senate Select Committee
. on Intelligence Operations
308 Dirksen Senate Office Building
Washington, D. C. 20510
Dear Mike:
This is in response to your inquiry regarding the installation of private
lines from Atlantic City, New Jersey to the White House during the August, 1964
Democratic National Convention.
Private lines for security purposes were established from the F. B. r.
and Secret Service temporary communication's center in Atlantic City to the
F. B. 1. Headquarters in Washington, D. C. and to the White House P. B. X.
We had no indication of any improper or unlawful use of such service.
Sincerely,

514
\'be Attorno7 GGnerlll
The solution to t~a series of bo~bio~s nod burnicbS of o~c 20
to 2~ ao=es in t~o ~c~c~~, ~ississip~l, QrC~ las~ yca~ sl=i~r11
1raJJ uased on in10r-wa~1011 supplica IJY I 01" =r i.ntor~ntD.
E~lly lc?ortant, ~d s~otnin~ of 9hich the publle .~
tot!ll~ una~ar~. is tuc cx~entto ~~!ca wo have Ceen a~lo to
forestall violence in cc:-t'ain racinllj' explosive Areas. In 0:10
80utbarn stOlte, tor cx=plc, tile gO\'crnor, on ono occ~sion,
expressed ~is crreat cOucern nnd fe~r 01 nn outoreak of racl~l .
violence oecau.sc of t:w tellSe_~it:u~t.lon.
As n rcsult-;· ....a· ClAve-been
successf~l tocate in b~~-n~Klan violence in the entiro stAto
to an aOsolute D.1ni=::1.
Ve also nre scizin~ cvcr7 opportcnity to disrupt
the activities of Kl:n o~~~oi~tions. 1~'pl~al is tae ~nnc~ in
"hieh wa e:mosco nne. th,,:lrted n "kick bact:" sch=c n Xlan ~ro~?
~~ ~=~=: ~~ ~~~ ~~~!~~~~ ~t~te !~ h~l, i1n~~ce its ~ctl~tt~~~
Ooc nc~~ar of teo ~~ou~ uas scllin~ 1nsurnnce to otbc~ ~l~
acmbcrs nod ~o~ld aeDOslt n generous portion of the p~c~i~
refunc9 in tuc Kl~ tr~~sary. ~s n rc~ult of action roo too~ ••
. tno insur~nco co~~~y learned ot toe schc~o ~cd c~ncellcd all
the policies held oJ ~lao ~co~crs. thcrc~y cuttln~ oi! n si~ble
.ource at revenuo vnich had aeen used to t~~ncc Alan activities.
I havc !urnish~d these ex~~lcs to illuntrat~ to
you the appro:le~ tnis ~~rcnu is ta~in~ to ooot tho cuallan;a
of racial la~iessness in certain areas today.
The abovo inror~tion han also been furnished to
Bonorablo ~ryin ~atson, Spocial Assistant to tho President.
2-

515
EXHIBIT 45
<OffiH uf rIll' AHl1rllt'lJ Q)l'IIl'l"al
.1lJll~i[lillgtl1l!. D. ([..
September 3, 1965
MEMORANDUM FOR
Mr. J. Edgar Hoover, Director
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Re: Your memorandum of September 2,
regarding penetration and disruptior
of Klan Organizations
accomplisJunents of the Bureau in the area of Klan
p~n~tT:;)"i,,"", J:"'.~t! aF.F::e:::'::~:' 1:=,-,,·:'~"~5 ~~4C :'..,,~ .. u.;.rj,i. OL
detailed information on this subject, and I hope you
will continue to keep me up to date on it.
May I take this opportunity to congratulate
you on the development of your informant system in r::a
Klan organizations and on the results YOtl have obtai.~e':i
through it, It is unfortunate that tne value of these
activities would in most cases be lost if too extensive
publicity were given to them; however, perl,aps at iio:::a
point it may be possible to place these achievements =.::
the public record, so that the Bureau can l'cceive its
due cre~it, n ,- ,"- •. . :I
i \ i.
.'
']-?/ ,l., ?U-C,·AJ {,,\\!.-..,:'-
. t
Attorney General
Ni'chola.s dcJ3; .Kat.zc~::"'~

516
EXHIBIT 46
Th~ Attorney General
Director ._FBI
KU KLUX KL)11 I~NESTIGATIONS
Fill ACCmlPLISlI1'lENTS
DeC(;l.lbcl." 19. 1967
Pursuant ,to your conversation \-lith Hr. C. D.
DeLoach of this nurea~ concerning FBI coverage and
penetration of the Ku Klux Klan, lIe have prepared the
attached memorandu-"J. Also <lttached ar~ copies of my
statements and publications re~arding the Ku laux Y~an
in the United Steton and. the fBI's role in invostig~tin3
Klan matters.
\>'hile SOlLe of the inf01'1llation contained in the,
attached raemori'mdum is alre-ady a matt~r of ptfblic rcco..-c1,
there ere matters dealing \-lith cxtrenely sensitive O1'eration~
of this nurcau and it is suggested tholt this be
handled on a strict nced:to-know basis. .. .
Enclosures - 7
1 - The Deputy Attorney General (Enclosures:_ 7)_"
re a di A~tached copies of statements and publications
" , g r ng t e Ku Klux Klan in the United States and the"PBI's
~ole in investiQatine Klan m~tters consist of:'

517
The Attorney Genernl
NOTE COmnmD:
(1) "The Resurgent Klan," by J. Edgar Hoover-Reprint
from July, 1966, American Bar Association Journal.
(2) "The Fill's Secret War," Remarks of
Senator Karl }mndt·before U. S. Senate, January 14; 1966--
reprint from 1/1~/66 JlCongressional Record.!' .
(3) Page 28 of" 1967 FDIAnnuai Report--Deals With
Klan investigations. .
(4) Portion of Director's Appropriations Testu~o~',
2/16/67, dealing with lUan-type investigations~
(5) . Remarks of H9n. 'Gco;gc W. GriCer of Tennessee
dealing with investigation of Klan--taken from "Congressional
RecoI:d," 5/3/65. ' .
(6) Remarks of Hon. George W. Grider 'of Tennessee
dealing .lith investigations of Klan--taken ·from "Congressional
Record," 5/4/65.

PRESE~rr STATUS
The Klan has usually been located in the South although'there
have been attempts' to organize it in the North;
Midwest, and far lbst. The'Klan attracts individuals in the
rural areas '1..0 are poorly educated with'lilJited incomes.
The Klan exploits the fea~s, hatred, and ignorance"of people
Who feel they are threatened by the Negro, the Jew. the
Catholic. and the immigrant. '
518
December 19, 1967
1<0' KLUX KLAN INVESTIGATIOHS
FBI ACCO:1PLISl-lMENrS
BACKGROUND
Histori!=a11y, the problem of the Ku Klux Klan in
the United States' has existed since the days of Reconstruction
fo1101:ing the Civil ','ar. The Invisible Empire is w--cll kno\\'Il
for its ,terrorist, ni~1triding activities and has been responsible
since its inccption for numerous racial atrocities
throughout the count~. Th~ Klan reached its pea!: durinZ the
1920s "ncn it claimed millions of members and it bec~e almost
defunct during' 1~or1d War II., In 1954, Hith the historic
Supreme Court decision reSarding desegregation of public
schoo~s, it bccame revit~lized. In 1964~ 'nth the passaGe of
civil rights 1~islation by the Congress, the Klan recruited
thousands of persons ~mo feared the-rise of, the Negro and.
the threat to the "Southern way of life."
7;'
o....
[ ...
~1' ~
ri (')
~.~ ~:f1
f=.. ::-: ~
I,. '11 ,
~t c: U2
;~2:7
c: .~ .:~
.,; ,: i c:;. Presently there are 14 Klan organizations under ,;<'; inVestigation ~lith a meI:lbership of approxir.1otely 14,000. The
'J ';'; =.> ~l'argest of these grottps, the United Klans of America, Inc.,
,! ~L\ Knights of the Ku Klu::c Klan, lTith lIeadquarters lI1.Tuscaloosa,
';;;J ':; AlabarJa, has an estimated melJbershio of about lO,QQ.O)·'
i../J .
FBI

519
Ku Klux Klan In\'cs~ig2.tioli::;
Since 1964 KIDn membership has declined in
l'Iississippi, III ElbDJi12., Dnd Louisiana and increas<;:d in i\'orth
and- South CClrol i:1il ;)nd Vi.rgini;). The North Cr'Tolina Klan
has the largest :r.~mbership of any state L.•. the Union under
the leaders1':ip ~f
The most s~cretive and vicious Iaan organization
in recent yc<:.rs has' bqen'the l.'hite Knights of the KuJ<'l~x
Klan of Mississippi under the leadership of
of Laurel, l-ltssissippi, ',·;ho ,las l'ecently con-'
victed in connectlon ,,'ith the murder of.
FBI RESPO~SIBILITY
This ·Burc2.u l~as a- three-fold purpose in investigetil:g
the Ku Klux Klan and indi.viduals associated 1-lith Klan org.:l:1ization.
s. First, i}2 i:1Vc~tigate violati.00s of Fcgerel Ii,,;
committed by the Klan i'lith the vicil tOi:"rd prosecution in
Federal court. Second, ':e conduct i-ntelli3cncc invcsti.~atio:1S
'\-lith the vie'l t01:ard infiltrating thc l\u Klux :Klan liith info:rmants,
neutralizin~ ~t as a terrorist orgenization, end deterring
violence. Third, -iVe provide the Department ,lith the results
of our investigations for possible designation of Klan organizations
under Ex~cutive Ord~r 10450.
W00~ CASES
,1'1'
Burder of Three Civil Rights I~orkcrs
~ :.: \
In June, 1964, three civil rights ,~orkers i·:erc
murdered in Neshoba County, l-lississippi. setting off a:·, intcn~
ive FBI investigati.on, In October, 1967, 7 of 18 defen~~nt5·
w~rc 'convicted in Federal court in Heridian, !-tississir::-i, for
violation of the victims' civil rights. An.8th defe~danc
pleaded guilty and a mistrial \,as dccl<.lred as to three ul:l:er
. dc~cnclant5. Our investir;ation·s revealed that there ,,'a:; a bTl,:-.d
~1 Klux lQan plot Qchind the abduction and murder of the victi~s.
66.077 o· 76 - 34

520
Ku Klux Klan Im'estisations
Klan intorm~nts were used as witnesses in this trial and
, they unfolded a story of Klan violence and terrorism rarely
presented in any court.
Hurtler of'Vernon Dahmer
In January, 1966, Vernon F. Dahmer, a leader of
the 'National Associ.'ation for the Advancement of Colored
Feople in H~ttiesburg, Mississippi, died as a result of
wounds received ",hen his borne "las burned ana shot into by
the Ku Kl~ Klan. Twelve klans~enhave been indicted by
the Federal Grand Jury and the case is presently pending in
United States District Court at Hattiesburg. FBI informants
were instrumental ~n determining in the early stages of the
iQvestigation that and the members of the
"/hite Knights of the Ku Klux Klan oJ; Mississi~pi '~0re
responsible for Dahmer's death.
M'Jrder'of Lemuel Perm
In July, 1964, Lemuel Pelli', an Army Reserve
Lieutenant Colonel anp Negro educil;,tor from 1-1ash.ington, D. C.,
was killed by sh0tgun blasts near Colbert, Georgia. An exhaustive
investigation by this Bureau resulted in the arrest of
four members of the Ku Klux ,Klan. Informants also played a'
major role in this case. In October, 1964, a Federal Grand
Jury returned an indictment charging six men, including the
four arrested for Penn's murder, with conspiracy to injure,
oppress, and threaten to intimidate Negro citizens in the free
exercise of their Constitutional rights. Two of the defendants
wer~ convicted and four were acquitted.
Murder of Viola Liuzzo
"In Harch. 1%5, H::-s. Viola Liuzzo ~las killed 1:-y zun
blasts near Selma, Alabama, and three members of the Ku ;(l\>y.
Ocrw '
1\ i '
~. I ' '\ I ~ I .

521
Ku Klux Klnn Investigntions
. Klnn were arrested and charged with her slaying. Gary Thomas
Ro\o;e, '''ho subsequently testif ied against these qefendants,
,,'as present at the time ~lrs. Liuzzo ,,,as murdered. This case
dramatically emphasized our penetration of ,the Klan ,,'hen it
was publically disclosed that RO\-le was an FBI infoJ;mant. The
three defendants "ere indicted by a Federal Grand J~ry and
convicted in Federal court for conspiracy.
McComb, Mississippi, Bombings
From June through September, 1964, a series of
bombings· occurred in McComb, l~ississippi. After intensive
FBI investi::;ation, nine members of the Ku Klux Klan were
arrested and charged with bombing homes and churches at McComb.
These nine klansmen entered pleas of guilty. and nolo contendere
in local court.. FBI informants were instrume{,tal in uncovering
the plot and identifying suspects. . . nu~r" ,-
Ne" Bern, North ,Carolina; Bombings II': \1,1
In early 1965, a strategically placeo informant .. j
enabled us to identify klansmen re,sponsible" for' the bombing
of two automobiles- and a Negro mortuary'in Ne'" Bern,
North Carolina. This information was turned over to local
authorities. Three defendants were convicted in State court.
Bogalusa J.!:lj un::t ion
In Bogalusa, Louisiana·, during the height of the
racial disorder in that community in 1965, FBI investigation
led.to the obtaining of an injunction against the AnticOIlli~
unist Christian Association also kno\oTn as Original Knights
of the Ku Klux Klan. This was a major, deterrent to further
Klan Violen::e in that community.
Klan Terrorism, RC1ian and Cabarrus Counti2s, North Carolin~
In July, ).967, FBI i.nvestigations led to the arrest
and indictment of 12 men in R01{;;m County, North Carolina.

522
Ku Klux Klan Investiga.tions
for numerous 'acts of recial intimidation and violence.
INFom-wrrs
Informant coverag~ in .Klan' groups hae been an
important part of our progrnm and our coverega io aimed at
both hi2h-level and 1ow-~evel penetration. For ex~le.
recently the United Klans of America held its National
. Klonvocation in TuscalooSil. Alo,1~.a.r!\!:l•.to elect members of the
Imperial Boord. 11"""4':",.; li ....A.~7~." AJ',r <: ... ;..; /"",.,,,,}.'y
J~v,.2(',..J
Perhaps one of the mos~ difficult ~f OUT Q~siznmenta
is the penetration of, Klan "action squads." An action
squad is a 5::1011 group of k1ansmen.lTithin a, klc.vern or acting
independently, '~1ose purpose is to commtt acts of terrorism
and violence. ~l!a have penetrated. s .. l1\.l!l:lber of these grOUPJl_
and'..LU1l9ng,_the mos.t_l1ot.s>rious_are j),~ .. ".,. .. " /1>,r- ,,,, ••. ....,r".''''·
KL.A..,el!..,y.s ~"""&.7 l':e./..C..,.rt~ 0,- I......,~n,'-"., .. ~',J <'l.Jv~£J :r',.'r~~D.;1-rt:..
.fo.."A,·O. ."....$ •
SPECIAL l7ROJECTS
Florida
, Through an intensive effort by Bureau Agents in OUr
Florida offices handlin2 intelligence information and Bureau
informants within the Florida Ku Kl~~ Klan. we ~~re able to
effect th13 removal of . of the
Umtcd Klans. oJ .America. Realm of Floiida. Throu~h Bureau
ioformlmts, misuse of Klan funds; mismanagement of
Klan affair:;; and, pprsonal misconduct \\'ere brought to the
attention. of ti1C Klan rmL~ and file and was deposed &S
?e"' 1..~,~ D ~~ .', There has been, no rcplace.-uent nod the Florl~a"i'" .'
\ • t ..
,',I

523
Ku I~ux Klan IrrvesUCations
Klan has been slowly deterioratinc. l,1e have found that by
the rcnov;ll of tc;:> Klan officers and provoking scandd Within
the stote Klan orsani~c.tlon throuGh our inforr;lants, the Klan
in a particular area can be rendered in~ffectiva. .
is attcIDpt~ng to reorganize ~~o Floriaa
Klan and we are following it closely.
Mississinpi
A ,-,,"'D""'- I>f
Throu2h our informant operations,_ the United Klans
of /u1'.crir:a the State of mssissippi has been
removed,and discrcd1tcd'l
Fu~ther attempts by the United
Klan!] to c.;:pand in J1!ssissippi have been deten-ed.
Tennessee
In the early stages of Klan gro~·:th in the State
of Tennessee, l;e H~re able to devel'Op as. a Bureau inform::mt
/? m *' ..... '" ,,"'- of the United Klans of'/lIOOrica, Realm of
Tennessee. ThrouVl this source ,,~. ~.'ere able to.
control the C7.l'nnc1on of the !',J.an. Hare ir;1?ortantly, ';0
Ucre able to discc~hcc violence throughout the state. The
Klan in Tennessee has not eA7anded to the proportions it hes
in other states ~~d its lack of success can be attributed to
our hi::;hly placed inroi;'mant..
Louisinna
In March of 1966, high-level informants in the
Louisiana Klan ~lere responsible for the. defeat of notoriouslY
militant in~~bent Klan leaders. Subsequently,
/5' .(t!AH "'- of the United Klans of ./Ir.'.crica, rC!llovea
/J I<:,UIN Of-r,<.//,L- and to this dote,"-"" ""has· not been replaced.
~iG action contributed to the disorGani~ationand disruption
of thG United l~ans 'in Louisiana.
~r··'~ ..
• f ~ ~ r _' I

524
Ku Klur. IQnn Investications
Illinois
Attempts ~'.ure I!!ade to orGanize the Ku lQu:cUan
in the States, of Illinois and Hiseon~:lin.' U'!i:.,._.,.~" /l,J il.l<''''':V''~~.s
/) J7"'A7e KJ-/l,J (}f-~Ie-I"1J-.
In 1.ugt.lst, 1966, a series of bombingsoceurred in-·~'fill'..o.ukec,
Wisconsin. ThrouGh n high-level IQnn source of our Chicago
Officc r:C learn2d th.::rt /1 I<t,~"-' 0f-,cn,,1L ioTaS l-esponslble
for these bo:-nbirtr,s. The ,PeparttlCnt ruled that there mlS
, no prosecutable Federal violotion. HO~'lever, \"c pur.sued an
intelli6cnce-type investigation and furnished lccnl authorities
in' ~lil1-..au!~ee \-lith COl:lp~'ete inforontion coming fror.l
our Chicn::::o lQon in:forr.l~nts. THIS' Vrr l < ,/.II.- wus subsequently
convicted and sentenced to 15 yeers. T110 result
1111S been that, the lac.n in ~llinois and lJiscopsin hOos not
been able to effectively organize rind its c:~an3ion in the
Nidlr~st has been halted.
Virr~inia
In the Fall of 1965 the United Klans of America begon
an intensive or~~niiatio~~l effort in the State of Virginia.
l~ i=edintcly be[;an an all-cut effort- to penetrate the
Virr;inia IQan, contain its r:;rOi-it:h, and deter violence. lior!:in8
closely with locnl ~,d sta~o authorities we ~~re able to
dies~inate inf~ation on contemplated cross bUl~ings.
Several £lrrcst5 l:ere m.:.de based on FBI 1nroI"llUltion furnished
to local police and in one eituD-tion, a i:lanm:um lias sentenced
to three years in local court for burninr, crosse~. a feloIT/
under Vir~1nia ln~l. toile conducting official investiGations.
tlJo Agents of this Bureau ~ro assaulted by klan=n rJhO "iUre
Inter convicted on char~es of Assault of a Federal Officer and
Obs~ruetion of Justice in Federal Court in Richmond, Virginia.
In Dee~~b~r, 1966, the Special Agent in Charge of
our R1.chmond Office contacted, Virefnia Govc:,nor Hills God~lin
to intensify cooperation bet'~en the Virginia State Police

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