|
by St. Augustine
of Hippo
Translated by the Rev. Marcus Dods, D.D., of Glasgow
Edited by PHILIP SCHAFF, D.D., LL.D., Professor in the Union Theological
Seminary, New York in connection with a number of Patristic scholars of
Europe and America
Published 1890
The Confessions of St. Augustine, by St. Augustine of
Hippo, translated and edited by Albert C. Outler, Ph.D.,
D.D.
The
Foundations of the Nineteenth Century, by Houston Stewart Chamberlain
Be Here
Now, by Ram Dass
|
If, therefore, the
salamander lives in fire, as naturalistshave recorded, and if certain famous mountains of Sicily have been
continually on fire from the remotest antiquity until now,
and yet remain entire, these are sufficiently convincing
examples that everything which burns is not consumed. As
the soul too, is a proof that not everything which can
suffer pain can also die, why then do they yet demand that
we produce real examples to prove that it is not incredible
that the bodies of men condemned to everlasting punishment
may retain their soul in the fire, may burn without being
consumed, and may suffer without perishing? For suitable
properties will be communicated to the substance of the
flesh by Him who has endowed the things we see with so
marvellous and diverse properties, that their very multitude
prevents our wonder.
-- St. Augustin's City of God |
UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Table of
Contents:
-
Editor’s Preface
-
Translator’s Preface
- Book 1
-
Preface, Explaining His Design in Undertaking This
Work.
-
Chapter 1.—Of the
Adversaries of the Name of Christ, Whom the Barbarians for Christ’s Sake
Spared When They Stormed the City.
-
Chapter 2.—That
It is Quite Contrary to the Usage of War, that the Victors Should Spare
the Vanquished for the Sake of Their Gods.
-
Chapter 3.—That
the Romans Did Not Show Their Usual Sagacity When They Trusted that They
Would Be Benefited by the Gods Who Had Been Unable to Defend Troy.
-
Chapter 4.—Of the
Asylum of Juno in Troy, Which Saved No One from the Greeks; And of the
Churches of the Apostles, Which Protected from the Barbarians All Who
Fled to Them.
-
Chapter 5.—Cæsar’s
Statement Regarding the Universal Custom of an Enemy When Sacking a
City.
-
Chapter 6.—That
Not Even the Romans, When They Took Cities, Spared the Conquered in
Their Temples.
-
Chapter 7.—That
the Cruelties Which Occurred in the Sack of Rome Were in Accordance with
the Custom of War, Whereas the Acts of Clemency Resulted from the
Influence of Christ’s Name.
-
Chapter 8.—Of the
Advantages and Disadvantages Which Often Indiscriminately Accrue to Good
and Wicked Men.
-
Chapter 9.—Of the
Reasons for Administering Correction to Bad and Good Together.
-
Chapter 10.—That
the Saints Lose Nothing in Losing Temporal Goods.
-
Chapter 11.—Of
the End of This Life, Whether It is Material that It Be Long Delayed.
-
Chapter 12.—Of
the Burial of the Dead: that the Denial of It to Christians Does Them
No Injury
-
Chapter
13.—Reasons for Burying the Bodies of the Saints.
-
Chapter 14.—Of
the Captivity of the Saints, and that Divine Consolation Never Failed
Them Therein.
-
Chapter 15.—Of
Regulus, in Whom We Have an Example of the Voluntary Endurance of
Captivity for the Sake of Religion; Which Yet Did Not Profit Him, Though
He Was a Worshipper of the Gods.
-
Chapter 16.—Of
the Violation of the Consecrated and Other Christian Virgins, to Which
They Were Subjected in Captivity and to Which Their Own Will Gave No
Consent; And Whether This Contaminated Their Souls.
-
Chapter 17.—Of
Suicide Committed Through Fear of Punishment or Dishonor.
-
Chapter 18.—Of
the Violence Which May Be Done to the Body by Another’s Lust, While the
Mind Remains Inviolate.
-
Chapter 19.—Of
Lucretia, Who Put an End to Her Life Because of the Outrage Done Her.
-
Chapter 20.—That
Christians Have No Authority for Committing Suicide in Any Circumstances
Whatever.
-
Chapter 21.—Of
the Cases in Which We May Put Men to Death Without Incurring the Guilt
of Murder.
-
Chapter
22.—That Suicide Can Never Be Prompted by Magnanimity.
-
Chapter
23.—What We are to Think of the Example of Cato, Who Slew Himself
Because Unable to Endure Cæsar’s Victory.
-
Chapter 24.—That
in that Virtue in Which Regulus Excels Cato, Christians are
Pre-Eminently Distinguished.
-
Chapter
25.—That We Should Not Endeavor By Sin to Obviate Sin.
-
Chapter
26.—That in Certain Peculiar Cases the Examples of the Saints are Not to
Be Followed.
-
Chapter
27.—Whether Voluntary Death Should Be Sought in Order to Avoid Sin.
-
Chapter 28.—By
What Judgment of God the Enemy Was Permitted to Indulge His Lust on the
Bodies of Continent Christians.
-
Chapter 29.—What
the Servants of Christ Should Say in Reply to the Unbelievers Who Cast
in Their Teeth that Christ Did Not Rescue Them from the Fury of Their
Enemies.
-
Chapter
30.—That Those Who Complain of Christianity Really Desire to Live
Without Restraint in Shameful Luxury.
-
Chapter 31.—By
What Steps the Passion for Governing Increased Among the Romans.
-
Chapter
32.—Of the Establishment of Scenic Entertainments.
-
Chapter
33.—That the Overthrow of Rome Has Not Corrected the Vices of the
Romans.
-
Chapter 34.—Of
God’s Clemency in Moderating the Ruin of the City.
-
Chapter 35.—Of
the Sons of the Church Who are Hidden Among the Wicked, and of False
Christians Within the Church.
-
Chapter
36.—What Subjects are to Be Handled in the Following Discourse.
-
Book 2
-
Chapter 1.—Of
the Limits Which Must Be Put to the Necessity of Replying to an
Adversary.
-
Chapter
2.—Recapitulation of the Contents of the First Book.
-
Chapter 3.—That
We Need Only to Read History in Order to See What Calamities the Romans
Suffered Before the Religion of Christ Began to Compete with the Worship
of the Gods.
-
Chapter 4.—That
the Worshippers of the Gods Never Received from Them Any Healthy Moral
Precepts, and that in Celebrating Their Worship All Sorts of Impurities
Were Practiced.
-
Chapter 5.—Of
the Obscenities Practiced in Honor of the Mother of the Gods.
-
Chapter 6.—That
the Gods of the Pagans Never Inculcated Holiness of Life.
-
Chapter 7.—That
the Suggestions of Philosophers are Precluded from Having Any Moral
Effect, Because They Have Not the Authority Which Belongs to Divine
Instruction, and Because Man’s Natural Bias to Evil Induces Him Rather
to Follow the Examples of the Gods Than to Obey the Precepts of Men.
-
Chapter 8.—That
the Theatrical Exhibitions Publishing the Shameful Actions of the Gods,
Propitiated Rather Than Offended Them.
-
Chapter 9.—That
the Poetical License Which the Greeks, in Obedience to Their Gods,
Allowed, Was Restrained by the Ancient Romans.
-
Chapter
10.—That the Devils, in Suffering Either False or True Crimes to Be Laid
to Their Charge, Meant to Do Men a Mischief.
-
Chapter
11.—That the Greeks Admitted Players to Offices of State, on the Ground
that Men Who Pleased the Gods Should Not Be Contemptuously Treated by
Their Fellows.
-
Chapter
12.—That the Romans, by Refusing to the Poets the Same License in
Respect of Men Which They Allowed Them in the Case of the Gods, Showed a
More Delicate Sensitiveness Regarding Themselves than Regarding the
Gods.
-
Chapter
13.—That the Romans Should Have Understood that Gods Who Desired to Be
Worshipped in Licentious Entertainments Were Unworthy of Divine Honor.
-
Chapter
14.—That Plato, Who Excluded Poets from a Well-Ordered City, Was Better
Than These Gods Who Desire to Be Honoured by Theatrical Plays.
-
Chapter
15.—That It Was Vanity, Not Reason, Which Created Some of the Roman
Gods.
-
Chapter
16.—That If the Gods Had Really Possessed Any Regard for Righteousness,
the Romans Should Have Received Good Laws from Them, Instead of Having
to Borrow Them from Other Nations.
-
Chapter 17.—Of
the Rape of the Sabine Women, and Other Iniquities Perpetrated in Rome’s
Palmiest Days.
-
Chapter
18.—What the History of Sallust Reveals Regarding the Life of the
Romans, Either When Straitened by Anxiety or Relaxed in Security.
-
Chapter 19.—Of
the Corruption Which Had Grown Upon the Roman Republic Before Christ
Abolished the Worship of the Gods.
-
Chapter 20.—Of
the Kind of Happiness and Life Truly Delighted in by Those Who Inveigh
Against the Christian Religion.
-
Chapter
21.—Cicero’s Opinion of the Roman Republic.
-
Chapter
22.—That the Roman Gods Never Took Any Steps to Prevent the Republic
from Being Ruined by Immorality.
-
Chapter
23.—That the Vicissitudes of This Life are Dependent Not on the Favor or
Hostility of Demons, But on the Will of the True God.
-
Chapter 24.—Of
the Deeds of Sylla, in Which the Demons Boasted that He Had Their Help.
-
Chapter 25.—How
Powerfully the Evil Spirits Incite Men to Wicked Actions, by Giving Them
the Quasi-Divine Authority of Their Example.
-
Chapter
26.—That the Demons Gave in Secret Certain Obscure Instructions in
Morals, While in Public Their Own Solemnities Inculcated All Wickedness.
-
Chapter
27.—That the Obscenities of Those Plays Which the Romans Consecrated in
Order to Propitiate Their Gods, Contributed Largely to the Overthrow of
Public Order.
-
Chapter
28.—That the Christian Religion is Health-Giving.
-
Chapter 29.—An
Exhortation to the Romans to Renounce Paganism.
-
Book 3
-
Chapter 1.—Of the
Ills Which Alone the Wicked Fear, and Which the World Continually
Suffered, Even When the Gods Were Worshipped.
-
Chapter
2.—Whether the Gods, Whom the Greeks and Romans Worshipped in Common,
Were Justified in Permitting the Destruction of Ilium.
-
Chapter 3.—That
the Gods Could Not Be Offended by the Adultery of Paris, This Crime
Being So Common Among Themselves.
-
Chapter 4.—Of
Varro’s Opinion, that It is Useful for Men to Feign Themselves the
Offspring of the Gods.
-
Chapter 5.—That
It is Not Credible that the Gods Should Have Punished the Adultery of
Paris, Seeing They Showed No Indignation at the Adultery of the Mother
of Romulus.
-
Chapter 6.—That
the Gods Exacted No Penalty for the Fratricidal Act of Romulus.
-
Chapter 7.—Of the
Destruction of Ilium by Fimbria, a Lieutenant of Marius.
-
Chapter
8.—Whether Rome Ought to Have Been Entrusted to the Trojan Gods.
-
Chapter
9.—Whether It is Credible that the Peace During the Reign of Numa Was
Brought About by the Gods.
-
Chapter
10.—Whether It Was Desirable that The Roman Empire Should Be Increased
by Such a Furious Succession of Wars, When It Might Have Been Quiet and
Safe by Following in the Peaceful Ways of Numa.
-
Chapter 11.—Of
the Statue of Apollo at Cumæ, Whose Tears are Supposed to Have Portended
Disaster to the Greeks, Whom the God Was Unable to Succor.
-
Chapter 12.—That
the Romans Added a Vast Number of Gods to Those Introduced by Numa, and
that Their Numbers Helped Them Not at All.
-
Chapter 13.—By
What Right or Agreement The Romans Obtained Their First Wives.
-
Chapter 14.—Of
the Wickedness of the War Waged by the Romans Against the Albans, and of
the Victories Won by the Lust of Power.
-
Chapter 15.—What
Manner of Life and Death the Roman Kings Had.
-
Chapter 16.—Of
the First Roman Consuls, the One of Whom Drove the Other from the
Country, and Shortly After Perished at Rome by the Hand of a Wounded
Enemy, and So Ended a Career of Unnatural Murders.
-
Chapter 17.—Of
the Disasters Which Vexed the Roman Republic After the Inauguration of
the Consulship, and of the Non-Intervention of the Gods of Rome.
-
Chapter 18.—The
Disasters Suffered by the Romans in the Punic Wars, Which Were Not
Mitigated by the Protection of the Gods.
-
Chapter 19.—Of
the Calamity of the Second Punic War, Which Consumed the Strength of
Both Parties.
-
Chapter 20.—Of
the Destruction of the Saguntines, Who Received No Help from the Roman
Gods, Though Perishing on Account of Their Fidelity to Rome.
-
Chapter 21.—Of
the Ingratitude of Rome to Scipio, Its Deliverer, and of Its Manners
During the Period Which Sallust Describes as the Best.
-
Chapter 22.—Of
the Edict of Mithridates, Commanding that All Roman Citizens Found in
Asia Should Be Slain.
-
Chapter 23.—Of
the Internal Disasters Which Vexed the Roman Republic, and Followed a
Portentous Madness Which Seized All the Domestic Animals.
-
Chapter 24.—Of
the Civil Dissension Occasioned by the Sedition of the Gracchi.
-
Chapter 25.—Of
the Temple of Concord, Which Was Erected by a Decree of the Senate on
the Scene of These Seditions and Massacres.
-
Chapter 26.—Of
the Various Kinds of Wars Which Followed the Building of the Temple of
Concord.
-
Chapter 27.—Of
the Civil War Between Marius and Sylla.
-
Chapter 28.—Of
the Victory of Sylla, the Avenger of the Cruelties of Marius.
-
Chapter 29.—A
Comparison of the Disasters Which Rome Experienced During the Gothic and
Gallic Invasions, with Those Occasioned by the Authors of the Civil
Wars.
-
Chapter 30.—Of
the Connection of the Wars Which with Great Severity and Frequency
Followed One Another Before the Advent of Christ.
-
Chapter 31.—That
It is Effrontery to Impute the Present Troubles to Christ and the
Prohibition of Polytheistic Worship Since Even When the Gods Were
Worshipped Such Calamities Befell the People.
-
Book 4
-
Chapter 1.—Of the
Things Which Have Been Discussed in the First Book.
-
Chapter 2.—Of
Those Things Which are Contained in Books Second and Third.
-
Chapter 3.—Whether
the Great Extent of the Empire, Which Has Been Acquired Only by Wars, is
to Be Reckoned Among the Good Things Either of the Wise or the Happy.
-
Chapter 4.—How
Like Kingdoms Without Justice are to Robberies.
-
Chapter 5.—Of the
Runaway Gladiators Whose Power Became Like that of Royal Dignity.
-
Chapter
6.—Concerning the Covetousness of Ninus, Who Was the First Who Made War
on His Neighbors, that He Might Rule More Widely.
-
Chapter 7.—Whether
Earthly Kingdoms in Their Rise and Fall Have Been Either Aided or
Deserted by the Help of the Gods.
-
Chapter 8.—Which
of the Gods Can the Romans Suppose Presided Over the Increase and
Preservation of Their Empire, When They Have Believed that Even the Care
of Single Things Could Scarcely Be Committed to Single Gods.
-
Chapter 9.—Whether
the Great Extent and Long Duration of the Roman Empire Should Be
Ascribed to Jove, Whom His Worshippers Believe to Be the Chief God.
-
Chapter 10.—What
Opinions Those Have Followed Who Have Set Divers Gods Over Divers Parts
of the World.
-
Chapter
11.—Concerning the Many Gods Whom the Pagan Doctors Defend as Being One
and the Same Jove.
-
Chapter
12.—Concerning the Opinion of Those Who Have Thought that God is the
Soul of the World, and the World is the Body of God.
-
Chapter
13.—Concerning Those Who Assert that Only Rational Animals are Parts of
the One God.
-
Chapter 14.—The
Enlargement of Kingdoms is Unsuitably Ascribed to Jove; For If, as They
Will Have It, Victoria is a Goddess, She Alone Would Suffice for This
Business.
-
Chapter
15.—Whether It is Suitable for Good Men to Wish to Rule More Widely.
-
Chapter 16.—What
Was the Reason Why the Romans, in Detailing Separate Gods for All Things
and All Movements of the Mind, Chose to Have the Temple of Quiet Outside
the Gates.
-
Chapter
17.—Whether, If the Highest Power Belongs to Jove, Victoria Also Ought
to Be Worshipped.
-
Chapter 18.—With
What Reason They Who Think Felicity and Fortune Goddesses Have
Distinguished Them.
-
Chapter
19.—Concerning Fortuna Muliebris.
-
Chapter
20.—Concerning Virtue and Faith, Which the Pagans Have Honored with
Temples and Sacred Rites, Passing by Other Good Qualities, Which Ought
Likewise to Have Been Worshipped, If Deity Was Rightly Attributed to
These.
-
Chapter 21.—That
Although Not Understanding Them to Be the Gifts of God, They Ought at
Least to Have Been Content with Virtue and Felicity.
-
Chapter
22.—Concerning the Knowledge of the Worship Due to the Gods, Which Varro
Glories in Having Himself Conferred on the Romans.
-
Chapter
23.—Concerning Felicity, Whom the Romans, Who Venerate Many Gods, for a
Long Time Did Not Worship with Divine Honor, Though She Alone Would Have
Sufficed Instead of All.
-
Chapter 24.—The
Reasons by Which the Pagans Attempt to Defend Their Worshipping Among
the Gods the Divine Gifts Themselves.
-
Chapter
25.—Concerning the One God Only to Be Worshipped, Who, Although His Name
is Unknown, is Yet Deemed to Be the Giver of Felicity.
-
Chapter 26.—Of
the Scenic Plays, the Celebration of Which the Gods Have Exacted from
Their Worshippers.
-
Chapter
27.—Concerning the Three Kinds of Gods About Which the Pontiff Scævola
Has Discoursed.
-
Chapter
28.—Whether the Worship of the Gods Has Been of Service to the Romans in
Obtaining and Extending the Empire.
-
Chapter 29.—Of
the Falsity of the Augury by Which the Strength and Stability of the
Roman Empire Was Considered to Be Indicated.
-
Chapter 30.—What
Kind of Things Even Their Worshippers Have Owned They Have Thought About
the Gods of the Nations.
-
Chapter
31.—Concerning the Opinions of Varro, Who, While Reprobating the Popular
Belief, Thought that Their Worship Should Be Confined to One God, Though
He Was Unable to Discover the True God.
-
Chapter 32.—In
What Interest the Princes of the Nations Wished False Religions to
Continue Among the People Subject to Them.
-
Chapter 33.—That
the Times of All Kings and Kingdoms are Ordained by the Judgment and
Power of the True God.
-
Chapter
34.—Concerning the Kingdom of the Jews, Which Was Founded by the One and
True God, and Preserved by Him as Long as They Remained in the True
Religion.
-
Book 5
-
Preface.
-
Chapter 1.—That the
Cause of the Roman Empire, and of All Kingdoms, is Neither Fortuitous
Nor Consists in the Position of the Stars
-
Chapter 2.—On the
Difference in the Health of Twins.
-
Chapter
3.—Concerning the Arguments Which Nigidius the Mathematician Drew from
the Potter’s Wheel, in the Question About the Birth of Twins.
-
Chapter
4.—Concerning the Twins Esau and Jacob, Who Were Very Unlike Each Other
Both in Their Character and Actions.
-
Chapter 5.—In What
Manner the Mathematicians are Convicted of Professing a Vain Science.
-
Chapter
6.—Concerning Twins of Different Sexes.
-
Chapter
7.—Concerning the Choosing of a Day for Marriage, or for Planting, or
Sowing.
-
Chapter
8.—Concerning Those Who Call by the Name of Fate, Not the Position of
the Stars, But the Connection of Causes Which Depends on the Will of
God.
-
Chapter
9.—Concerning the Foreknowledge of God and the Free Will of Man, in
Opposition to the Definition of Cicero.
-
Chapter
10.—Whether Our Wills are Ruled by Necessity.
-
Chapter
11.—Concerning the Universal Providence of God in the Laws of Which All
Things are Comprehended.
-
Chapter 12.—By
What Virtues the Ancient Romans Merited that the True God, Although They
Did Not Worship Him, Should Enlarge Their Empire.
-
Chapter
13.—Concerning the Love of Praise, Which, Though It is a Vice, is
Reckoned a Virtue, Because by It Greater Vice is Restrained.
-
Chapter
14.—Concerning the Eradication of the Love of Human Praise, Because All
the Glory of the Righteous is in God.
-
Chapter
15.—Concerning the Temporal Reward Which God Granted to the Virtues of
the Romans.
-
Chapter
16.—Concerning the Reward of the Holy Citizens of the Celestial City, to
Whom the Example of the Virtues of the Romans are Useful.
-
Chapter 17.—To
What Profit the Romans Carried on Wars, and How Much They Contributed to
the Well-Being of Those Whom They Conquered.
-
Chapter 18.—How
Far Christians Ought to Be from Boasting, If They Have Done Anything for
the Love of the Eternal Country, When the Romans Did Such Great Things
for Human Glory and a Terrestrial City.
-
Chapter
19.—Concerning the Difference Between True Glory and the Desire of
Domination.
-
Chapter 20.—That
It is as Shameful for the Virtues to Serve Human Glory as Bodily
Pleasure.
-
Chapter 21.—That
the Roman Dominion Was Granted by Him from Whom is All Power, and by
Whose Providence All Things are Ruled.
-
Chapter 22.—The
Durations and Issues of War Depend on the Will of God.
-
Chapter
23.—Concerning the War in Which Radagaisus, King of the Goths, a
Worshipper of Demons, Was Conquered in One Day, with All His Mighty
Forces.
-
Chapter 24.—What
Was the Happiness of the Christian Emperors, and How Far It Was True
Happiness.
-
Chapter
25.—Concerning the Prosperity Which God Granted to the Christian Emperor
Constantine.
-
Chapter 26.—On the
Faith and Piety of Theodosius Augustus.
-
Book 6
-
Preface.
-
Chapter 1.—Of
Those Who Maintain that They Worship the Gods Not for the Sake of
Temporal But Eternal Advantages.
-
Chapter 2.—What We
are to Believe that Varro Thought Concerning the Gods of the Nations,
Whose Various Kinds and Sacred Rites He Has Shown to Be Such that He
Would Have Acted More Reverently Towards Them Had He Been Altogether
Silent Concerning Them.
-
Chapter 3.—Varro’s
Distribution of His Book Which He Composed Concerning the Antiquities of
Human and Divine Things.
-
Chapter 4.—That
from the Disputation of Varro, It Follows that the Worshippers of the
Gods Regard Human Things as More Ancient Than Divine Things.
-
Chapter
5.—Concerning the Three Kinds of Theology According to Varro, Namely,
One Fabulous, the Other Natural, the Third Civil.
-
Chapter
6.—Concerning the Mythic, that Is, the Fabulous, Theology, and the
Civil, Against Varro.
-
Chapter
7.—Concerning the Likeness and Agreement of the Fabulous and Civil
Theologies.
-
Chapter
8.—Concerning the Interpretations, Consisting of Natural Explanations,
Which the Pagan Teachers Attempt to Show for Their Gods.
-
Chapter
9.—Concerning the Special Offices of the Gods.
-
Chapter
10.—Concerning the Liberty of Seneca, Who More Vehemently Censured the
Civil Theology Than Varro Did the Fabulous.
-
Chapter 11.—What
Seneca Thought Concerning the Jews.
-
Chapter 12.—That
When Once the Vanity of the Gods of the Nations Has Been Exposed, It
Cannot Be Doubted that They are Unable to Bestow Eternal Life on Any
One, When They Cannot Afford Help Even with Respect to the Things Of
this Temporal Life.
-
Book 7
-
Preface.
-
Chapter
1.—Whether, Since It is Evident that Deity is Not to Be Found in the
Civil Theology, We are to Believe that It is to Be Found in the Select
Gods.
-
Chapter 2.—Who
are the Select Gods, and Whether They are Held to Be Exempt from the
Offices of the Commoner Gods.
-
Chapter 3.—How
There is No Reason Which Can Be Shown for the Selection of Certain Gods,
When the Administration of More Exalted Offices is Assigned to Many
Inferior Gods.
-
Chapter 4.—The
Inferior Gods, Whose Names are Not Associated with Infamy, Have Been
Better Dealt with Than the Select Gods, Whose Infamies are Celebrated.
-
Chapter
5.—Concerning the More Secret Doctrine of the Pagans, and Concerning the
Physical Interpretations.
-
Chapter
6.—Concerning the Opinion of Varro, that God is the Soul of the World,
Which Nevertheless, in Its Various Parts, Has Many Souls Whose Nature is
Divine.
-
Chapter
7.—Whether It is Reasonable to Separate Janus and Terminus as Two
Distinct Deities.
-
Chapter 8.—For
What Reason the Worshippers of Janus Have Made His Image with Two Faces,
When They Would Sometimes Have It Be Seen with Four.
-
Chapter
9.—Concerning the Power of Jupiter, and a Comparison of Jupiter with
Janus.
-
Chapter
10.—Whether the Distinction Between Janus and Jupiter is a Proper One.
-
Chapter
11.—Concerning the Surnames of Jupiter, Which are Referred Not to Many
Gods, But to One and the Same God.
-
Chapter 12.—That
Jupiter is Also Called Pecunia.
-
Chapter 13.—That
When It is Expounded What Saturn Is, What Genius Is, It Comes to This,
that Both of Them are Shown to Be Jupiter.
-
Chapter
14.—Concerning the Offices of Mercury and Mars.
-
Chapter
15.—Concerning Certain Stars Which the Pagans Have Called by the Names
of Their Gods.
-
Chapter
16.—Concerning Apollo and Diana, and the Other Select Gods Whom They
Would Have to Be Parts of the World.
-
Chapter 17.—That
Even Varro Himself Pronounced His Own Opinions Regarding the Gods
Ambiguous.
-
Chapter 18.—A
More Credible Cause of the Rise of Pagan Error.
-
Chapter
19.—Concerning the Interpretations Which Compose the Reason of the
Worship of Saturn.
-
Chapter
20.—Concerning the Rites of Eleusinian Ceres.
-
Chapter
21.—Concerning the Shamefulness of the Rites Which are Celebrated in
Honor of Liber.
-
Chapter
22.—Concerning Neptune, and Salacia and Venilia.
-
Chapter
23.—Concerning the Earth, Which Varro Affirms to Be a Goddess, Because
that Soul of the World Which He Thinks to Be God Pervades Also This
Lowest Part of His Body, and Imparts to It a Divine Force.
-
Chapter
24.—Concerning the Surnames of Tellus and Their Significations, Which,
Although They Indicate Many Properties, Ought Not to Have Established
the Opinion that There is a Corresponding Number of Gods.
-
Chapter 25.—The
Interpretation of the Mutilation of Atys Which the Doctrine of the Greek
Sages Set Forth.
-
Chapter
26.—Concerning the Abomination of the Sacred Rites of the Great Mother.
-
Chapter
27.—Concerning the Figments of the Physical Theologists, Who Neither
Worship the True Divinity, Nor Perform the Worship Wherewith the True
Divinity Should Be Served.
-
Chapter 28.—That
the Doctrine of Varro Concerning Theology is in No Part Consistent with
Itself.
-
Chapter 29.—That
All Things Which the Physical Theologists Have Referred to the World and
Its Parts, They Ought to Have Referred to the One True God.
-
Chapter 30.—How
Piety Distinguishes the Creator from the Creatures, So That, Instead of
One God, There are Not Worshipped as Many Gods as There are Works of the
One Author.
-
Chapter 31.—What
Benefits God Gives to the Followers of the Truth to Enjoy Over and Above
His General Bounty.
-
Chapter 32.—That
at No Time in the Past Was the Mystery of Christ’s Redemption Awanting,
But Was at All Times Declared, Though in Various Forms.
-
Chapter 33.—That
Only Through the Christian Religion Could the Deceit of Malign Spirits,
Who Rejoice in the Errors of Men, Have Been Manifested.
-
Chapter
34.—Concerning the Books of Numa Pompilius, Which the Senate Ordered to
Be Burned, in Order that the Causes of Sacred Rights Therein Assigned
Should Not Become Known.
-
Chapter
35.—Concerning the Hydromancy Through Which Numa Was Befooled by Certain
Images of Demons Seen in the Water.
-
Book 8
-
Chapter 1.—That
the Question of Natural Theology is to Be Discussed with Those
Philosophers Who Sought a More Excellent Wisdom.
-
Chapter
2.—Concerning the Two Schools of Philosophers, that Is, the Italic and
Ionic, and Their Founders.
-
Chapter 3.—Of
the Socratic Philosophy.
-
Chapter
4.—Concerning Plato, the Chief Among the Disciples of Socrates, and His
Threefold Division of Philosophy.
-
Chapter 5.—That
It is Especially with the Platonists that We Must Carry on Our
Disputations on Matters of Theology, Their Opinions Being Preferable to
Those of All Other Philosophers.
-
Chapter
6.—Concerning the Meaning of the Platonists in that Part of Philosophy
Called Physical.
-
Chapter 7.—How
Much the Platonists are to Be Held as Excelling Other Philosophers in
Logic, i.e. Rational Philosophy.
-
Chapter 8.—That
the Platonists Hold the First Rank in Moral Philosophy Also.
-
Chapter
9.—Concerning that Philosophy Which Has Come Nearest to the Christian
Faith.
-
Chapter
10.—That the Excellency of the Christian Religion is Above All the
Science of Philosophers.
-
Chapter 11.—How
Plato Has Been Able to Approach So Nearly to Christian Knowledge.
-
Chapter
12.—That Even the Platonists, Though They Say These Things Concerning
the One True God, Nevertheless Thought that Sacred Rites Were to Be
Performed in Honor of Many Gods.
-
Chapter
13.—Concerning the Opinion of Plato, According to Which He Defined the
Gods as Beings Entirely Good and the Friends of Virtue.
-
Chapter 14.—Of
the Opinion of Those Who Have Said that Rational Souls are of Three
Kinds, to Wit, Those of the Celestial Gods, Those of the Aerial Demons,
and Those of Terrestrial Men.
-
Chapter
15.—That the Demons are Not Better Than Men Because of Their Aerial
Bodies, or on Account of Their Superior Place of Abode.
-
Chapter
16.—What Apuleius the Platonist Thought Concerning the Manners and
Actions of Demons.
-
Chapter
17.—Whether It is Proper that Men Should Worship Those Spirits from
Whose Vices It is Necessary that They Be Freed.
-
Chapter
18.—What Kind of Religion that is Which Teaches that Men Ought to Employ
the Advocacy of Demons in Order to Be Recommended to the Favor of the
Good Gods.
-
Chapter 19.—Of
the Impiety of the Magic Art, Which is Dependent on the Assistance of
Malign Spirits.
-
Chapter
20.—Whether We are to Believe that the Good Gods are More Willing to
Have Intercourse with Demons Than with Men.
-
Chapter
21.—Whether the Gods Use the Demons as Messengers and Interpreters, and
Whether They are Deceived by Them Willingly, or Without Their Own
Knowledge.
-
Chapter
22.—That We Must, Notwithstanding the Opinion of Apuleius, Reject the
Worship of Demons.
-
Chapter
23.—What Hermes Trismegistus Thought Concerning Idolatry, and from What
Source He Knew that the Superstitions of Egypt Were to Be Abolished.
-
Chapter 24.—How
Hermes Openly Confessed the Error of His Forefathers, the Coming
Destruction of Which He Nevertheless Bewailed.
-
Chapter
25.—Concerning Those Things Which May Be Common to the Holy Angels and
to Men.
-
Chapter
26.—That All the Religion of the Pagans Has Reference to Dead Men.
-
Chapter
27.—Concerning the Nature of the Honor Which the Christians Pay to Their
Martyrs.
-
Book 9
- Chapter 1.—The
Point at Which the Discussion Has Arrived, and What Remains to Be
Handled.
- Chapter 2.—Whether
Among the Demons, Inferior to the Gods, There are Any Good Spirits Under
Whose Guardianship the Human Soul Might Reach True Blessedness.
- Chapter 3.—What
Apuleius Attributes to the Demons, to Whom, Though He Does Not Deny Them
Reason, He Does Not Ascribe Virtue.
- Chapter 4.—The
Opinion of the Peripatetics and Stoics About Mental Emotions.
- Chapter 5.—That
the Passions Which Assail the Souls of Christians Do Not Seduce Them to
Vice, But Exercise Their Virtue.
- Chapter 6.—Of the
Passions Which, According to Apuleius, Agitate the Demons Who Are
Supposed by Him to Mediate Between Gods and Men.
- Chapter 7.—
[PIECE MISSING]
by Representing Them as Distracted by Party Feeling, to
Which the Demons and Not the Gods, are Subject.
- Chapter 8.—How
Apuleius Defines the Gods Who Dwell in Heaven, the Demons Who Occupy the
Air, and Men Who Inhabit Earth.
- Chapter 9.—Whether
the Intercession of the Demons Can Secure for Men the Friendship of the
Celestial Gods.
- Chapter 10.—That,
According to Plotinus, Men, Whose Body is Mortal, are Less Wretched Than
Demons, Whose Body is Eternal.
- Chapter 11.—Of
the Opinion of the Platonists, that the Souls of Men Become Demons When
Disembodied.
- Chapter 12.—Of
the Three Opposite Qualities by Which the Platonists Distinguish Between
the Nature of Men and that of Demons.
- Chapter 13.—How
the Demons Can Mediate Between Gods and Men If They Have Nothing in
Common with Both, Being Neither Blessed Like the Gods, Nor Miserable
Like Men.
- Chapter
14.—Whether Men, Though Mortal, Can Enjoy True Blessedness.
- Chapter 15.—Of
the Man Christ Jesus, the Mediator Between God and Men.
- 16.—Whether It is
Reasonable in the Platonists to Determine that the Celestial Gods
Decline Contact with Earthly Things and Intercourse with Men, Who
Therefore Require the Intercession of the Demons.
- Chapter 17.—That
to Obtain the Blessed Life, Which Consists in Partaking of the Supreme
Good, Man Needs Such Mediation as is Furnished Not by a Demon, But by
Christ Alone.
- Chapter 18.—That
the Deceitful Demons, While Promising to Conduct Men to God by Their
Intercession, Mean to Turn Them from the Path of Truth.
- Chapter 19.—That
Even Among Their Own Worshippers the Name “Demon” Has Never a Good
Signification.
- Chapter 20.—Of
the Kind of Knowledge Which Puffs Up the Demons.
- Chapter 21.—To
What Extent the Lord Was Pleased to Make Himself Known to the Demons.
- Chapter 22.—The
Difference Between the Knowledge of the Holy Angels and that of the
Demons.
- Chapter 23.—That
the Name of Gods is Falsely Given to the Gods of the Gentiles, Though
Scripture Applies It Both to the Holy Angels and Just Men.
-
Book 10
- Chapter 1.—That the
Platonists Themselves Have Determined that God Alone Can Confer
Happiness Either on Angels or Men, But that It Yet Remains a Question
Whether Those Spirits Whom They Direct Us to Worship, that We May Obtain
Happiness, Wish Sacrifice to Be Offered to Themselves, or to the One God
Only.
- Chapter 2.—The
Opinion of Plotinus the Platonist Regarding Enlightenment from Above.
- Chapter 3.—That the
Platonists, Though Knowing Something of the Creator of the Universe,
Have Misunderstood the True Worship of God, by Giving Divine Honor to
Angels, Good or Bad.
- Chapter 4.—That
Sacrifice is Due to the True God Only.
- Chapter 5.—Of the
Sacrifices Which God Does Not Require, But Wished to Be Observed for the
Exhibition of Those Things Which He Does Require.
- Chapter 6.—Of the
True and Perfect Sacrifice.
- Chapter 7.—Of the
Love of the Holy Angels, Which Prompts Them to Desire that We Worship
the One True God, and Not Themselves.
- Chapter 8.—Of the
Miracles Which God Has Condescended to Adhibit Through the Ministry of
Angels, to His Promises for the Confirmation of the Faith of the Godly.
- Chapter 9.—Of the
Illicit Arts Connected with Demonolatry, and of Which the Platonist
Porphyry Adopts Some, and Discards Others.
- Chapter
10.—Concerning Theurgy, Which Promises a Delusive Purification of the
Soul by the Invocation of Demons.
- Chapter 11.—Of
Porphyry’s Epistle to Anebo, in Which He Asks for Information About the
Differences Among Demons.
- Chapter 12.—Of the
Miracles Wrought by the True God Through the Ministry of the Holy
Angels.
- Chapter 13.—Of the
Invisible God, Who Has Often Made Himself Visible, Not as He Really Is,
But as the Beholders Could Bear the Sight.
- Chapter 14.—That
the One God is to Be Worshipped Not Only for the Sake of Eternal
Blessings, But Also in Connection with Temporal Prosperity, Because All
Things are Regulated by His Providence.
- Chapter 15.—Of the
Ministry of the Holy Angels, by Which They Fulfill the Providence of
God.
- Chapter
16.—Whether Those Angels Who Demand that We Pay Them Divine Honor, or
Those Who Teach Us to Render Holy Service, Not to Themselves, But to
God, are to Be Trusted About the Way to Life Eternal
- Chapter
17.—Concerning the Ark of the Covenant, and the Miraculous Signs Whereby
God Authenticated the Law and the Promise.
- Chapter
18.—Against Those Who Deny that the Books of the Church are to Be
Believed About the Miracles Whereby the People of God Were Educated.
- Chapter 19.—On the
Reasonableness of Offering, as the True Religion Teaches, a Visible
Sacrifice to the One True and Invisible God.
- Chapter 20.—Of the
Supreme and True Sacrifice Which Was Effected by the Mediator Between
God and Men.
- Chapter 21 .—Of
the Power Delegated to Demons for the Trial and Glorification of the
Saints, Who Conquer Not by Propitiating the Spirits of the Air, But by
Abiding in God.
- Chapter 22.—Whence
the Saints Derive Power Against Demons and True Purification of Heart.
- Chapter 23.—Of the
Principles Which, According to the Platonists, Regulate the Purification
of the Soul.
- Chapter 24.—Of the
One Only True Principle Which Alone Purifies and Renews Human Nature.
- Chapter 25.—That
All the Saints, Both Under the Law and Before It, Were Justified by
Faith in the Mystery of Christ’s Incarnation.
- Chapter 26.—Of
Porphyry’s Weakness in Wavering Between the Confession of the True God
and the Worship of Demons.
- Chapter 27.—Of the
Impiety of Porphyry, Which is Worse Than Even the Mistake of Apuleius.
- Chapter 28.—How It
is that Porphyry Has Been So Blind as Not to Recognize the True
Wisdom—Christ.
- Chapter 29.—Of the
Incarnation of Our Lord Jesus Christ, Which the Platonists in Their
Impiety Blush to Acknowledge.
- Chapter
30.—Porphyry’s Emendations and Modifications of Platonism.
- Chapter
31.—Against the Arguments on Which the Platonists Ground Their Assertion
that the Human Soul is Co-Eternal with God.
- Chapter 32.—Of the
Universal Way of the Soul’s Deliverance, Which Porphyry Did Not Find
Because He Did Not Rightly Seek It, and Which the Grace of Christ Has
Alone Thrown Open.
-
Book 11
- Chapter 1.—Of This
Part of the Work, Wherein We Begin to Explain the Origin and End of the
Two Cities.
- Chapter 2.—Of the
Knowledge of God, to Which No Man Can Attain Save Through the Mediator
Between God and Men, the Man Christ Jesus.
- Chapter 3.—Of the
Authority of the Canonical Scriptures Composed by the Divine Spirit.
- Chapter 4.—That
the World is Neither Without Beginning, Nor Yet Created by a New Decree
of God, by Which He Afterwards Willed What He Had Not Before Willed.
- Chapter 5.—That We
Ought Not to Seek to Comprehend the Infinite Ages of Time Before the
World, Nor the Infinite Realms of Space.
- Chapter 6.—That
the World and Time Had Both One Beginning, and the One Did Not
Anticipate the Other.
- Chapter 7.—Of the
Nature of the First Days, Which are Said to Have Had Morning and
Evening, Before There Was a Sun.
- Chapter 8.—What We
are to Understand of God’s Resting on the Seventh Day, After the Six
Days’ Work.
- Chapter 9.—What
the Scriptures Teach Us to Believe Concerning the Creation of the
Angels.
- Chapter 10.—Of
the Simple and Unchangeable Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, One
God, in Whom Substance and Quality are Identical.
- Chapter
11.—Whether the Angels that Fell Partook of the Blessedness Which the
Holy Angels Have Always Enjoyed from the Time of Their Creation.
- Chapter 12.—A
Comparison of the Blessedness of the Righteous, Who Have Not Yet
Received the Divine Reward, with that of Our First Parents in Paradise.
- Chapter
13.—Whether All the Angels Were So Created in One Common State of
Felicity, that Those Who Fell Were Not Aware that They Would Fall, and
that Those Who Stood Received Assurance of Their Own Perseverance After
the Ruin of the Fallen.
- Chapter 14.—An
Explanation of What is Said of the Devil, that He Did Not Abide in the
Truth, Because the Truth Was Not in Him.
- Chapter 15.—How
We are to Understand the Words, “The Devil Sinneth from the Beginning.”
- Chapter 16.—Of
the Ranks and Differences of the Creatures, Estimated by Their Utility,
or According to the Natural Gradations of Being.
- Chapter 17.—That
the Flaw of Wickedness is Not Nature, But Contrary to Nature, and Has
Its Origin, Not in the Creator, But in the Will.
- Chapter 18.—Of
the Beauty of the Universe, Which Becomes, by God’s Ordinance, More
Brilliant by the Opposition of Contraries.
- Chapter 19.—What,
Seemingly, We are to Understand by the Words, “God Divided the Light
from the Darkness.”
- Chapter 20.—Of
the Words Which Follow the Separation of Light and Darkness, “And God
Saw the Light that It Was Good.”
- Chapter 21.—Of
God’s Eternal and Unchangeable Knowledge and Will, Whereby All He Has
Made Pleased Him in the Eternal Design as Well as in the Actual Result.
- Chapter 22.—Of
Those Who Do Not Approve of Certain Things Which are a Part of This Good
Creation of a Good Creator, and Who Think that There is Some Natural
Evil.
- Chapter 23.—Of
the Error in Which the Doctrine of Origen is Involved.
- Chapter 24.—Of
the Divine Trinity, and the Indications of Its Presence Scattered
Everywhere Among Its Works.
- Chapter 25.—Of
the Division of Philosophy into Three Parts.
- Chapter 26.—Of
the Image of the Supreme Trinity, Which We Find in Some Sort in Human
Nature Even in Its Present State.
- Chapter 27.—Of
Existence, and Knowledge of It, and the Love of Both.
- Chapter
28.—Whether We Ought to Love the Love Itself with Which We Love Our
Existence and Our Knowledge of It, that So We May More Nearly Resemble
the Image of the Divine Trinity.
- Chapter 29.—Of
the Knowledge by Which the Holy Angels Know God in His Essence, and by
Which They See the Causes of His Works in the Art of the Worker, Before
They See Them in the Works of the Artist.
- Chapter 30.—Of
the Perfection of the Number Six, Which is the First of the Numbers
Which is Composed of Its Aliquot Parts.
- Chapter 31.—Of
the Seventh Day, in Which Completeness and Repose are Celebrated.
- Chapter 32.—Of
the Opinion that the Angels Were Created Before the World.
- Chapter 33.—Of
the Two Different and Dissimilar Communities of Angels, Which are Not
Inappropriately Signified by the Names Light and Darkness.
- Chapter 34.—Of
the Idea that the Angels Were Meant Where the Separation of the Waters
by the Firmament is Spoken Of, and of that Other Idea that the Waters
Were Not Created.
-
Book 12
- Chapter 1.—That
the Nature of the Angels, Both Good and Bad, is One and the Same.
- Chapter 2.—That
There is No Entity526526
Contrary to the Divine, Because Nonentity Seems to Be that Which is
Wholly Opposite to Him Who Supremely and Always is.
- Chapter 3.—That
the Enemies of God are So, Not by Nature, But by Will, Which, as It
Injures Them, Injures a Good Nature; For If Vice Does Not Injure, It is
Not Vice.
- Chapter 4.—Of the
Nature of Irrational and Lifeless Creatures, Which in Their Own Kind and
Order Do Not Mar the Beauty of the Universe.
- Chapter 5.—That
in All Natures, of Every Kind and Rank, God is Glorified.
- Chapter 6.—What
the Cause of the Blessedness of the Good Angels Is, and What the Cause
of the Misery of the Wicked.
- Chapter 7.—That
We Ought Not to Expect to Find Any Efficient Cause of the Evil Will.
- Chapter 8.—Of the
Misdirected Love Whereby the Will Fell Away from the Immutable to the
Mutable Good.
- Chapter
9.—Whether the Angels, Besides Receiving from God Their Nature, Received
from Him Also Their Good Will by the Holy Spirit Imbuing Them with Love.
- Chapter 10.—Of
the Falseness of the History Which Allots Many Thousand Years to the
World’s Past.
- Chapter 11.—Of
Those Who Suppose that This World Indeed is Not Eternal, But that Either
There are Numberless Worlds, or that One and the Same World is
Perpetually Resolved into Its Elements, and Renewed at the Conclusion of
Fixed Cycles.
- Chapter 12.—How
These Persons are to Be Answered, Who Find Fault with the Creation of
Man on the Score of Its Recent Date.
- Chapter 13.—Of
the Revolution of the Ages, Which Some Philosophers Believe Will Bring
All Things Round Again, After a Certain Fixed Cycle, to the Same Order
and Form as at First.
- Chapter 14.—Of
the Creation of the Human Race in Time, and How This Was Effected
Without Any New Design or Change of Purpose on God’s Part.
- Chapter
15.—Whether We are to Believe that God, as He Has Always Been Sovereign
Lord, Has Always Had Creatures Over Whom He Exercised His Sovereignty;
And in What Sense We Can Say that the Creature Has Always Been, and Yet
Cannot Say It is Co-Eternal.
- Chapter 16.—How
We are to Understand God’s Promise of Life Eternal, Which Was Uttered
Before the “Eternal Times.”
- Chapter 17.—What
Defence is Made by Sound Faith Regarding God’s Unchangeable Counsel and
Will, Against the Reasonings of Those Who Hold that the Works of God are
Eternally Repeated in Revolving Cycles that Restore All Things as They
Were.
- Chapter
18.—Against Those Who Assert that Things that are Infinite
Cannot Be Comprehended by the Knowledge of God.
- Chapter 19.—Of
Worlds Without End, or Ages of Ages.
- Chapter 20.—Of
the Impiety of Those Who Assert that the Souls Which Enjoy True and
Perfect Blessedness, Must Yet Again and Again in These Periodic
Revolutions Return to Labor and Misery.
- Chapter 21.—That
There Was Created at First But One Individual, and that the Human Race
Was Created in Him.
- Chapter 22.—That God Foreknew that
the First Man Would Sin, and that He at the Same Time Foresaw How Large
a Multitude of Godly Persons Would by His Grace Be Translated to the
Fellowship of the Angels.
- Chapter 23.—Of
the Nature of the Human Soul Created in the Image of God.
- Chapter
24.—Whether the Angels Can Be Said to Be the Creators of Any, Even the
Least Creature.
- Chapter 25.—That
God Alone is the Creator of Every Kind of Creature, Whatever Its Nature
or Form.
- Chapter 26.—Of
that Opinion of the Platonists, that the Angels Were Themselves Indeed
Created by God, But that Afterwards They Created Man’s Body.
- Chapter 27.—That
the Whole Plenitude of the Human Race Was Embraced in the First Man, and
that God There Saw the Portion of It Which Was to Be Honored and
Rewarded, and that Which Was to Be Condemned and Punished.
-
Book 13
- Chapter 1.—Of
the Fall of the First Man, Through Which Mortality Has Been Contracted.
- Chapter 2.—Of
that Death Which Can Affect an Immortal Soul, and of that to Which the
Body is Subject.
- Chapter
3.—Whether Death, Which by the Sin of Our First Parents Has Passed Upon
All Men, is the Punishment of Sin, Even to the Good.
- Chapter 4.—Why
Death, the Punishment of Sin, is Not Withheld from Those Who by the
Grace of Regeneration are Absolved from Sin.
- Chapter 5.—As
the Wicked Make an Ill Use of the Law, Which is Good, So the Good Make a
Good Use of Death, Which is an Ill.
- Chapter 6.—Of
the Evil of Death in General, Considered as the Separation of Soul and
Body.
- Chapter 7.—Of
the Death Which the Unbaptized
Suffer for the Confession of Christ.
- Chapter 8.—That
the Saints, by Suffering the First Death for the Truth’s Sake, are Freed
from the Second.
- Chapter
9.—Whether We Should Say that The Moment of Death, in Which Sensation
Ceases, Occurs in the Experience of the Dying or in that of the Dead.
- Chapter 10.—Of
the Life of Mortals, Which is Rather to Be Called Death Than Life.
- Chapter
11.—Whether One Can Both Be Living and Dead at the Same Time.
- Chapter
12.—What Death God Intended, When He Threatened Our First Parents with
Death If They Should Disobey His Commandment.
- Chapter
13.—What Was the First Punishment of the Transgression of Our First
Parents.
- Chapter 14.—In
What State Man Was Made by God, and into What Estate He Fell by the
Choice of His Own Will.
- Chapter
15.—That Adam in His Sin Forsook God Ere God Forsook Him, and that His
Falling Away From God Was the First Death of the Soul.
- Chapter
16.—Concerning the Philosophers Who Think that the Separation of Soul
and Body is Not Penal, Though Plato Represents the Supreme Deity as
Promising to the Inferior Gods that They Shall Never Be Dismissed from
Their Bodies.
- Chapter
17.—Against Those Who Affirm that Earthly Bodies Cannot Be Made
Incorruptible and Eternal.
- Chapter 18.—Of
Earthly Bodies, Which the Philosophers Affirm Cannot Be in Heavenly
Places, Because Whatever is of Earth is by Its Natural Weight Attracted
to Earth.
- Chapter
19.—Against the Opinion of Those Who Do Not Believe that the Primitive
Men Would Have Been Immortal If They Had Not Sinned.
- Chapter
20.—That the Flesh Now Resting in Peace Shall Be Raised to a Perfection
Not Enjoyed by the Flesh of Our First Parents.
- Chapter 21.—Of
Paradise, that It Can Be Understood in a Spiritual Sense Without
Sacrificing the Historic Truth of the Narrative Regarding The Real
Place.
- Chapter
22.—That the Bodies of the Saints Shall After the Resurrection Be
Spiritual, and Yet Flesh Shall Not Be Changed into Spirit.
- Chapter
23.—What We are to Understand by the Animal and Spiritual Body; Or of
Those Who Die in Adam, And of Those Who are Made Alive in Christ.
- Chapter 24.—How
We Must Understand that Breathing of God by Which “The First Man Was
Made a Living Soul,” And that Also by Which the Lord Conveyed His Spirit
to His Disciples When He Said, “Receive Ye the Holy Ghost.”
-
Book 14
- Chapter 1.—That
the Disobedience of the First Man Would Have Plunged All Men into the
Endless Misery of the Second Death, Had Not the Grace of God Rescued
Many.
- Chapter 2.—Of
Carnal Life, Which is to Be Understood Not Only of Living in Bodily
Indulgence, But Also of Living in the Vices of the Inner Man.
- Chapter 3.—That
the Sin is Caused Not by the Flesh, But by the Soul, and that the
Corruption Contracted from Sin is Not Sin But Sin’s Punishment.
- Chapter 4.—What
It is to Live According to Man, and What to Live According to God.
- Chapter 5.—That
the Opinion of the Platonists Regarding the Nature of Body and Soul is
Not So Censurable as that of the Manichæans, But that Even It is
Objectionable, Because It Ascribes the Origin of Vices to the Nature of
The Flesh.
- Chapter 6.—Of the
Character of the Human Will Which Makes the Affections of the Soul Right
or Wrong.
- Chapter 7.—That
the Words Love and Regard (Amor and Dilectio) are in Scripture Used
Indifferently of Good and Evil Affection.
- Chapter 8.—Of the
Three Perturbations, Which the Stoics Admitted in the Soul of the Wise
Man to the Exclusion of Grief or Sadness, Which the Manly Mind Ought Not
to Experience.
- Chapter 9.—Of the
Perturbations of the Soul Which Appear as Right Affections in the Life
of the Righteous.
- Chapter
10.—Whether It is to Be Believed that Our First Parents in Paradise,
Before They Sinned, Were Free from All Perturbation.
- Chapter 11.—Of
the Fall of the First Man, in Whom Nature Was Created Good, and Can Be
Restored Only by Its Author.
- Chapter 12.—Of
the Nature of Man’s First Sin.
- Chapter 13.—That
in Adam’s Sin an Evil Will Preceded the Evil Act.
- Chapter 14.—Of
the Pride in the Sin, Which Was Worse Than the Sin Itself.
- Chapter 15.—Of
the Justice of the Punishment with Which Our First Parents Were Visited
for Their Disobedience.
- Chapter 16.—Of
the Evil of Lust,—A Word Which, Though Applicable to Many Vices, is
Specially Appropriated to Sexual Uncleanness.
- Chapter 17.—Of
the Nakedness of Our First Parents, Which They Saw After Their Base and
Shameful Sin.
- Chapter 18.—Of
the Shame Which Attends All Sexual Intercourse.
- Chapter 19.—That
It is Now Necessary, as It Was Not Before Man Sinned, to Bridle Anger
and Lust by the Restraining Influence of Wisdom.
- Chapter 20.—Of
the Foolish Beastliness of the Cynics.
- Chapter 21.—That
Man’s Transgression Did Not Annul the Blessing of Fecundity Pronounced
Upon Man Before He Sinned But Infected It with the Disease of Lust.
- Chapter 22.—Of
the Conjugal Union as It Was Originally Instituted and Blessed by God.
- Chapter
23.—Whether Generation Should Have Taken Place Even in Paradise Had Man
Not Sinned, or Whether There Should Have Been Any Contention There
Between Chastity and Lust.
- Chapter 24.—That
If Men Had Remained Innocent and Obedient in Paradise, the Generative
Organs Should Have Been in Subjection to the Will as the Other Members
are.
- Chapter 25.—Of
True Blessedness, Which This Present Life Cannot Enjoy.
- Chapter 26.—That
We are to Believe that in Paradise Our First Parents Begat Offspring
Without Blushing.
- Chapter 27.—Of
the Angels and Men Who Sinned, and that Their Wickedness Did Not Disturb
the Order of God’s Providence.
- Chapter 28.—Of
the Nature of the Two Cities, the Earthly and the Heavenly.
-
Book 15
- Chapter 1.—Of the
Two Lines of the Human Race Which from First to Last Divide It.
- Chapter 2.—Of the
Children of the Flesh and the Children of the Promise.
- Chapter 3.—That
Sarah’s Barrenness was Made Productive by God’s Grace.
- Chapter 4.—Of the
Conflict and Peace of the Earthly City.
- Chapter 5.—Of the
Fratricidal Act of the Founder of the Earthly City, and the
Corresponding Crime of the Founder of Rome.
- Chapter 6.—Of the
Weaknesses Which Even the Citizens of the City of God Suffer During This
Earthly Pilgrimage in Punishment of Sin, and of Which They are Healed by
God’s Care.
- Chapter 7.—Of the
Cause of Cain’s Crime and His Obstinacy, Which Not Even the Word of God
Could Subdue.
- Chapter 8.—What
Cain’s Reason Was for Building a City So Early in the History of the
Human Race.
- Chapter 9.—Of the
Long Life and Greater Stature of the Antediluvians.
- Chapter 10.—Of
the Different Computation of the Ages of the Antediluvians, Given by the
Hebrew Manuscripts and by Our Own.
- Chapter 11.—Of
Methuselah’s Age, Which Seems to Extend Fourteen Years Beyond the
Deluge.
- Chapter 12.—Of
the Opinion of Those Who Do Not Believe that in These Primitive Times
Men Lived So Long as is Stated.
- Chapter
13.—Whether, in Computing Years, We Ought to Follow the Hebrew or the
Septuagint.
- Chapter 14.—That
the Years in Those Ancient Times Were of the Same Length as Our Own.
- Chapter
15.—Whether It is Credible that the Men of the Primitive Age Abstained
from Sexual Intercourse Until that Date at Which It is Recorded that
They Begat Children.
- Chapter 16.—Of
Marriage Between Blood-Relations, in Regard to Which the Present Law
Could Not Bind the Men of the Earliest Ages.
- Chapter 17.—Of
the Two Fathers and Leaders Who Sprang from One Progenitor.
- Chapter 18.—The
Significance of Abel, Seth, and Enos to Christ and His Body the Church.
- Chapter 19.—The
Significance Of Enoch’s Translation.
- Chapter 20.—How
It is that Cain’s Line Terminates in the Eighth Generation, While Noah,
Though Descended from the Same Father, Adam, is Found to Be the Tenth
from Him.
- Chapter 21.—Why
It is That, as Soon as Cain’s Son Enoch Has Been Named, the Genealogy is
Forthwith Continued as Far as the Deluge, While After the Mention of
Enos, Seth’s Son, the Narrative Returns Again to the Creation of Man.
- Chapter 22.—Of
the Fall of the Sons of God Who Were Captivated by the Daughters of Men,
Whereby All, with the Exception of Eight Persons, Deservedly Perished in
the Deluge.
- Chapter
23.—Whether We are to Believe that Angels, Who are of a Spiritual
Substance, Fell in Love with the Beauty of Women, and Sought Them in
Marriage, and that from This Connection Giants Were Born.
- Chapter 24.—How We are to Understand
This Which the Lord Said to Those Who Were to Perish in the Flood:
“Their Days Shall Be 120 Years.”
- Chapter 25.—Of
the Anger of God, Which Does Not Inflame His Mind, Nor Disturb His
Unchangeable Tranquillity.
- Chapter 26.—That
the Ark Which Noah Was Ordered to Make Figures In Every Respect Christ
and the Church.
- Chapter 27.—Of
the Ark and the Deluge, and that We Cannot Agree with Those Who Receive
the Bare History, But Reject the Allegorical Interpretation, Nor with
Those Who Maintain the Figurative and Not the Historical Meaning.
-
Book 16
- Chapter
1.—Whether, After the Deluge, from Noah to Abraham, Any Families Can Be
Found Who Lived According to God.
- Chapter 2.—What
Was Prophetically Prefigured in the Sons of Noah.
- Chapter 3.—Of the
Generations of the Three Sons of Noah.
- Chapter 4.—Of the
Diversity of Languages, and of the Founding of Babylon.
- Chapter 5.—Of
God’s Coming Down to Confound the Languages of the Builders of the City.
- Chapter 6.—What
We are to Understand by God’s Speaking to the Angels.
- Chapter
7.—Whether Even the Remotest Islands Received Their Fauna from the
Animals Which Were Preserved, Through the Deluge, in the Ark.
- Chapter
8.—Whether Certain Monstrous Races of Men are Derived from the Stock of
Adam or Noah’s Sons.
- Chapter
9.—Whether We are to Believe in the Antipodes.
- Chapter 10.—Of
the Genealogy of Shem, in Whose Line the City of God is Preserved Till
the Time of Abraham.
- Chapter 11.—That
the Original Language in Use Among Men Was that Which Was Afterwards
Called Hebrew, from Heber, in Whose Family It Was Preserved When the
Confusion of Tongues Occurred.
- Chapter 12.—Of
the Era in Abraham’s Life from Which a New Period in the Holy Succession
Begins.
- Chapter 13.—Why,
in the Account of Terah’s Emigration, on His Forsaking the Chaldeans and
Passing Over into Mesopotamia, No Mention is Made of His Son Nahor.
- Chapter 14.—Of
the Years of Terah, Who Completed His Lifetime in Haran.
- Chapter 15.—Of
the Time of the Migration of Abraham, When, According to the Commandment
of God, He Went Out from Haran.
- Chapter 16.—Of
the Order and Nature of the Promises of God Which Were Made to Abraham.
- Chapter 17.—Of
the Three Most Famous Kingdoms of the Nations, of Which One, that is the
Assyrian, Was Already Very Eminent When Abraham Was Born.
- Chapter 18.—Of
the Repeated Address of God to Abraham, in Which He Promised the Land of
Canaan to Him and to His Seed.
- Chapter 19.—Of
the Divine Preservation of Sarah’s Chastity in Egypt, When Abraham Had
Called Her Not His Wife But His Sister.
- Chapter 20.—Of
the Parting of Lot and Abraham, Which They Agreed to Without Breach of
Charity.
- Chapter 21.—Of
the Third Promise of God, by Which He Assured the Land of Canaan to
Abraham and His Seed in Perpetuity.
- Chapter 22.—Of
Abraham’s Overcoming the Enemies of Sodom, When He Delivered Lot from
Captivity and Was Blessed by Melchizedek the Priest.
- Chapter 23.—Of
the Word of the Lord to Abraham, by Which It Was Promised to Him that
His Posterity Should Be Multiplied According to the Multitude of the
Stars; On Believing Which He Was Declared Justified While Yet in
Uncircumcision.
- Chapter 24.—Of
the Meaning of the Sacrifice Abraham Was Commanded to Offer When He
Supplicated to Be Taught About Those Things He Had Believed.
- Chapter 25.—Of
Sarah’s Handmaid, Hagar, Whom She Herself Wished to Be Abraham’s
Concubine.
- Chapter 26.—Of
God’s Attestation to Abraham, by Which He Assures Him, When Now Old, of
a Son by the Barren Sarah, and Appoints Him the Father of the Nations,
and Seals His Faith in the Promise by the Sacrament of Circumcision.
- Chapter 27.—Of
the Male, Who Was to Lose His Soul If He Was Not Circumcised on the
Eighth Day, Because He Had Broken God’s Covenant.
- Chapter 28.—Of
the Change of Name in Abraham and Sarah, Who Received the Gift of
Fecundity When They Were Incapable of Regeneration Owing to the
Barrenness of One, and the Old Age of Both.
- Chapter 29.—Of
the Three Men or Angels, in Whom the Lord is Related to Have Appeared to
Abraham at the Oak of Mamre.
- Chapter 30.—Of
Lot’s Deliverance from Sodom, and Its Consumption by Fire from Heaven;
And of Abimelech, Whose Lust Could Not Harm Sarah’s Chastity.
- Chapter 31.—Of
Isaac, Who Was Born According to the Promise, Whose Name Was Given on
Account of the Laughter of Both Parents.
- Chapter 32.—Of
Abraham’s Obedience and Faith, Which Were Proved by the Offering Up, of
His Son in Sacrifice, and of Sarah’s Death.
- Chapter 33.—Of
Rebecca, the Grand-Daughter of Nahor, Whom Isaac Took to Wife.
- Chapter 34.—What
is Meant by Abraham’s Marrying Keturah After Sarah’s Death.
- Chapter 35.—What
Was Indicated by the Divine Answer About the Twins Still Shut Up in the
Womb of Rebecca Their Mother.
- Chapter 36.—Of
the Oracle and Blessing Which Isaac Received, Just as His Father Did,
Being Beloved for His Sake.
- Chapter 37.—Of
the Things Mystically Prefigured in Esau and Jacob.
- Chapter 38.—Of
Jacob’s Mission to Mesopotamia to Get a Wife, and of the Vision Which He
Saw in a Dream by the Way, and of His Getting Four Women When He Sought
One Wife.
- Chapter 39.—The
Reason Why Jacob Was Also Called Israel.
- Chapter 40.—How
It is Said that Jacob Went into Egypt with Seventy-Five Souls, When Most
of Those Who are Mentioned Were Born at a Later Period.
- Chapter 41.—Of
the Blessing Which Jacob Promised in Judah His Son.
- Chapter 42.—Of
the Sons of Joseph, Whom Jacob Blessed, Prophetically Changing His
Hands.
- Chapter 43.—Of
the Times of Moses and Joshua the Son of Nun, of the Judges, and
Thereafter of the Kings, of Whom Saul Was the First, But David is to Be
Regarded as the Chief, Both by the Oath and by Merit.
-
Book 17
- Chapter 1.—Of
the Prophetic Age.
- Chapter 2.—At
What Time the Promise of God Was Fulfilled Concerning the Land of
Canaan, Which Even Carnal Israel Got in Possession.
- Chapter 3.—Of
the Three-Fold Meaning of the Prophecies, Which are to Be Referred Now
to the Earthly, Now to the Heavenly Jerusalem, and Now Again to Both.
- Chapter 4.—About
the Prefigured Change of the Israelitic Kingdom and Priesthood, and
About the Things Hannah the Mother of Samuel Prophesied, Personating the
Church.
- Chapter 5.—Of
Those Things Which a Man of God Spake by the Spirit to Eli the Priest,
Signifying that the Priesthood Which Had Been Appointed According to
Aaron Was to Be Taken Away.
- Chapter 6.—Of
the Jewish Priesthood and Kingdom, Which, Although Promised to Be
Established for Ever, Did Not Continue; So that Other Things are to Be
Understood to Which Eternity is Assured.
- Chapter 7.—Of
the Disruption of the Kingdom of Israel, by Which the Perpetual Division
of the Spiritual from the Carnal Israel Was Prefigured.
- Chapter 8.—Of
the Promises Made to David in His Son, Which are in No Wise Fulfilled in
Solomon, But Most Fully in Christ.
- Chapter 9.—How
Like the Prophecy About Christ in the 89th Psalm is to the Things
Promised in Nathan’s Prophecy in the Books of Samuel.
- Chapter 10.—How
Different the Acts in the Kingdom of the Earthly Jerusalem are from
Those Which God Had Promised, So that the Truth of the Promise Should Be
Understood to Pertain to the Glory of the Other King and Kingdom.
- Chapter 11.—Of
the Substance of the People of God, Which Through His Assumption of
Flesh is in Christ, Who Alone Had Power to Deliver His Own Soul from
Hell.
- Chapter 12.—To
Whose Person the Entreaty for the Promises is to Be Understood to
Belong, When He Says in the Psalm, “Where are Thine Ancient Compassions,
Lord?” Etc.
- Chapter
13.—Whether the Truth of This Promised Peace Can Be Ascribed to Those
Times Passed Away Under Solomon.
- Chapter 14.—Of
David’s Concern in the Writing of the Psalms.
- Chapter
15.—Whether All the Things Prophesied in the Psalms Concerning Christ
and His Church Should Be Taken Up in the Text of This Work.
- Chapter 16.—Of
the Things Pertaining to Christ and the Church, Said Either Openly or
Tropically in the 45th Psalm.
- Chapter 17.—Of
Those Things in the 110th Psalm Which Relate to the Priesthood of
Christ, and in the 22d to His Passion.
- Chapter 18.—Of
the 3d, 41st, 15th, and 68th Psalms, in Which the Death and Resurrection
of the Lord are Prophesied.
- Chapter 19.—Of
the 69th Psalm, in Which the Obstinate Unbelief of the Jews is Declared.
- Chapter 20.—Of
David’s Reign and Merit; And of His Son Solomon, and that Prophecy
Relating to Christ Which is Found Either in Those Books Which are Joined
to Those Written by Him, or in Those Which are Indubitably His.
- Chapter 21.—Of
the Kings After Solomon, Both in Judah and Israel.
- Chapter 22.—Of
Jeroboam, Who Profaned the People Put Under Him by the Impiety of
Idolatry, Amid Which, However, God Did Not Cease to Inspire the
Prophets, and to Guard Many from the Crime of Idolatry.
- Chapter 23.—Of
the Varying Condition of Both the Hebrew Kingdoms, Until the People of
Both Were at Different Times Led into Captivity, Judah Being Afterwards
Recalled into His Kingdom, Which Finally Passed into the Power of the
Romans.
- Chapter 24.—Of
the Prophets, Who Either Were the Last Among the Jews, or Whom the
Gospel History Reports About the Time of Christ’s Nativity.
-
Book 18
- Chapter 1.—Of
Those Things Down to the Times of the Saviour Which Have Been Discussed
in the Seventeen Books.
- Chapter 2.—Of
the Kings and Times of the Earthly City Which Were Synchronous with the
Times of the Saints, Reckoning from the Rise of Abraham.
- Chapter 3.—What
Kings Reigned in Assyria and Sicyon When, According to the Promise,
Isaac Was Born to Abraham in His Hundredth Year, and When the Twins Esau
and Jacob Were Born of Rebecca to Isaac in His Sixtieth Year.
- Chapter 4.—Of
the Times of Jacob and His Son Joseph.
- Chapter 5.—Of
Apis King of Argos, Whom the Egyptians Called Serapis, and Worshipped
with Divine Honors.
- Chapter 6.—Who
Were Kings of Argos, and of Assyria, When Jacob Died in Egypt.
- Chapter 7.—Who
Were Kings When Joseph Died in Egypt.
- Chapter 8.—Who
Were Kings When Moses Was Born, and What Gods Began to Be Worshipped
Then.
- Chapter 9.—When
the City of Athens Was Founded, and What Reason Varro Assigns for Its
Name.
- Chapter
10.—What Varro Reports About the Term Areopagus, and About Deucalion’s
Flood.
- Chapter
11.—When Moses Led the People Out of Egypt; And Who Were Kings When His
Successor Joshua the Son of Nun Died.
- Chapter 12.—Of
the Rituals of False Gods Instituted by the Kings of Greece in the
Period from Israel’s Exodus from Egypt Down to the Death of Joshua the
Son of Nun.
- Chapter
13.—What Fables Were Invented at the Time When Judges Began to Rule the
Hebrews.
- Chapter 14.—Of
the Theological Poets.
- Chapter 15.—Of
the Fall of the Kingdom of Argos, When Picus the Son of Saturn First
Received His Father’s Kingdom of Laurentum.
- Chapter 16.—Of
Diomede, Who After the Destruction of Troy Was Placed Among the Gods,
While His Companions are Said to Have Been Changed into Birds.
- Chapter
17.—What Varro Says of the Incredible Transformations of Men.
- Chapter
18.—What We Should Believe Concerning the Transformations Which Seem to
Happen to Men Through the Art of Demons.
- Chapter
19.—That Æneas Came into Italy When Abdon the Judge Ruled Over the
Hebrews.
- Chapter 20.—Of
the Succession of the Line of Kings Among the Israelites After the Times
of the Judges.
- Chapter 21.—Of
the Kings of Latium, the First and Twelfth of Whom, Æneas and Aventinus,
Were Made Gods.
- Chapter
22.—That Rome Was Founded When the Assyrian Kingdom Perished, at Which
Time Hezekiah Reigned in Judah.
- Chapter 23.—Of
the Erythræan Sibyl, Who is Known to Have Sung Many Things About Christ
More Plainly Than the Other Sibyls.
- Chapter
24.—That the Seven Sages Flourished in the Reign of Romulus, When the
Ten Tribes Which Were Called Israel Were Led into Captivity by the
Chaldeans, and Romulus, When Dead, Had Divine Honors Conferred on Him.
- Chapter
25.—What Philosophers Were Famous When Tarquinius Priscus Reigned Over
the Romans, and Zedekiah Over the Hebrews, When Jerusalem Was Taken and
the Temple Overthrown.
- Chapter
26.—That at the Time When the Captivity of the Jews Was Brought to an
End, on the Completion of Seventy Years, the Romans Also Were Freed from
Kingly Rule.
- Chapter 27.—Of
the Times of the Prophets Whose Oracles are Contained in Books and Who
Sang Many Things About the Call of the Gentiles at the Time When the
Roman Kingdom Began and the Assyrian Came to an End.
- Chapter 28.—Of
the Things Pertaining to the Gospel of Christ Which Hosea and Amos
Prohesied.
- Chapter
29.—What Things are Predicted by Isaiah Concerning Christ and the
Church.
- Chapter
30.—What Micah, Jonah, and Joel Prophesied in Accordance with the New
Testament.
- Chapter 31.—Of
the Predictions Concerning the Salvation of the World in Christ, in
Obadiah, Nahum, and Habakkuk.
- Chapter 32.—Of
the Prophecy that is Contained in the Prayer and Song of Habakkuk.
- Chapter
33.—What Jeremiah and Zephaniah Have, by the Prophetic Spirit, Spoken
Before Concerning Christ and the Calling of the Nations.
- Chapter 34.—Of
the Prophecy of Daniel and Ezekiel, Other Two of the Greater Prophets.
- Chapter 35.—Of
the Prophecy of the Three Prophets, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi.
- Chapter
36.—About Esdras and the Books of the Maccabees.
- Chapter
37.—That Prophetic Records are Found Which are More Ancient Than Any
Fountain of the Gentile Philosophy.
- Chapter
38.—That the Ecclesiastical Canon Has Not Admitted Certain Writings on
Account of Their Too Great Antiquity, Lest Through Them False Things
Should Be Inserted Instead of True.
- Chapter
39.—About the Hebrew Written Characters Which that Language Always
Possessed.
- Chapter
40.—About the Most Mendacious Vanity of the Egyptians, in Which They
Ascribe to Their Science an Antiquity of a Hundred Thousand Years.
- Chapter
41.—About the Discord of Philosophic Opinion, and the Concord of the
Scriptures that are Held as Canonical by the Church.
- Chapter 42.—By
What Dispensation of God’s Providence the Sacred Scriptures of the Old
Testament Were Translated Out of Hebrew into Greek, that They Might Be
Made Known to All the Nations.
- Chapter 43.—Of
the Authority of the Septuagint Translation, Which, Saving the Honor of
the Hebrew Original, is to Be Preferred to All Translations.
- Chapter
44.—How the Threat of the Destruction of the Ninevites is to Be
Understood Which in the Hebrew Extends to Forty Days, While in the
Septuagint It is Contracted to Three.
- Chapter
45.—That the Jews Ceased to Have Prophets After the Rebuilding of the
Temple, and from that Time Until the Birth of Christ Were Afflicted with
Continual Adversity, to Prove that the Building of Another Temple Had
Been Promised by Prophetic Voices.
- Chapter 46.—Of
the Birth of Our Saviour, Whereby the Word Was Made Flesh; And of the
Dispersion of the Jews Among All Nations, as Had Been Prophesied.
- Chapter
47.—Whether Before Christian Times There Were Any Outside of the
Israelite Race Who Belonged to the Fellowship of the Heavenly City.
- Chapter
48.—That Haggai’s Prophecy, in Which He Said that the Glory of the House
of God Would Be Greater Than that of the First Had Been,
Was Really Fulfilled, Not in the Rebuilding of the Temple, But in the
Church of Christ.
- Chapter 49.—Of
the Indiscriminate Increase of the Church, Wherein Many Reprobate are in
This World Mixed with the Elect.
- Chapter 50.—Of
the Preaching of the Gospel, Which is Made More Famous and Powerful by
the Sufferings of Its Preachers.
- Chapter
51.—That the Catholic Faith May Be Confirmed Even by the Dissensions of
the Heretics.
- Chapter
52.—Whether We Should Believe What Some Think, That, as the Ten
Persecutions Which are Past Have Been Fulfilled, There Remains No Other
Beyond the Eleventh, Which Must Happen in the Very Time of Antichrist.
- Chapter 53.—Of
the Hidden Time of the Final Persecution.
- Chapter 54.—Of
the Very Foolish Lie of the Pagans, in Feigning that the Christian
Religion Was Not to Last Beyond Three Hundred and Sixty-Five Years.
-
Book 19
- Chapter 1.—That
Varro Has Made Out that Two Hundred and Eighty-Eight Different Sects of
Philosophy Might Be Formed by the Various Opinions Regarding the Supreme
Good.
- Chapter 2.—How
Varro, by Removing All the Differences Which Do Not Form Sects, But are
Merely Secondary Questions, Reaches Three Definitions of the Chief Good,
of Which We Must Choose One.
- Chapter 3.—Which
of the Three Leading Opinions Regarding the Chief Good Should Be
Preferred, According to Varro, Who Follows Antiochus and the Old
Academy.
- Chapter 4.—What
the Christians Believe Regarding the Supreme Good and Evil, in
Opposition to the Philosophers, Who Have Maintained that the Supreme
Good is in Themselves.
- Chapter 5.—Of the
Social Life, Which, Though Most Desirable, is Frequently Disturbed by
Many Distresses.
- Chapter 6.—Of the
Error of Human Judgments When the Truth is Hidden.
- Chapter 7.—Of the
Diversity of Languages, by Which the Intercourse of Men is Prevented;
And of the Misery of Wars, Even of Those Called Just.
- Chapter 8.—That
the Friendship of Good Men Cannot Be Securely Rested In, So Long as the
Dangers of This Life Force Us to Be Anxious.
- Chapter 9.—Of the
Friendship of the Holy Angels, Which Men Cannot Be Sure of in This Life,
Owing to the Deceit of the Demons Who Hold in Bondage the Worshippers of
a Plurality of Gods.
- Chapter 10.—The
Reward Prepared for the Saints After They Have Endured the Trial of This
Life.
- Chapter 11.—Of
the Happiness of the Eternal Peace, Which Constitutes the End or True
Perfection of the Saints.
- Chapter 12.—That
Even the Fierceness of War and All the Disquietude of Men Make Towards
This One End of Peace, Which Every Nature Desires.
- Chapter 13.—Of
the Universal Peace Which the Law of Nature Preserves Through All
Disturbances, and by Which Every One Reaches His Desert in a Way
Regulated by the Just Judge.
- Chapter 14.—Of
the Order and Law Which Obtain in Heaven and Earth, Whereby It Comes to
Pass that Human Society Is Served by Those Who Rule It.
- Chapter 15.—Of
the Liberty Proper to Man’s Nature, and the Servitude Introduced by
Sin,—A Servitude in Which the Man Whose Will is Wicked is the Slave of
His Own Lust, Though He is Free So Far as Regards Other Men.
- Chapter 16.—Of
Equitable Rule.
- Chapter 17.—What
Produces Peace, and What Discord, Between the Heavenly and Earthly
Cities.
- Chapter 18.—How
Different the Uncertainty of the New Academy is from the Certainty of
the Christian Faith.
- Chapter 19.—Of
the Dress and Habits of the Christian People.
- Chapter 20.—That
the Saints are in This Life Blessed in Hope.
- Chapter
21.—Whether There Ever Was a Roman Republic Answering to the Definitions
of Scipio in Cicero’s Dialogue.
- Chapter
22.—Whether the God Whom the Christians Serve is the True God to Whom
Alone Sacrifice Ought to Be Paid.
- Chapter
23.—Porphyry’s Account of the Responses Given by the Oracles of the gods
Concerning Christ.
- Chapter 24.—The
Definition Which Must Be Given of a People and a Republic, in Order to
Vindicate the Assumption of These Titles by the Romans and by Other
Kingdoms.
- Chapter 25.—That
Where There is No True Religion There are No True Virtues.
- Chapter 26.—Of
the Peace Which is Enjoyed by the People that are Alienated from God,
and the Use Made of It by the People of God in the Time of Its
Pilgrimage.
- Chapter 27.—That
the Peace of Those Who Serve God Cannot in This Mortal Life Be
Apprehended in Its Perfection.
- Chapter 28.—The
End of the Wicked.
-
Book 20
- Chapter 1.—That
Although God is Always Judging, It is Nevertheless Reasonable to Confine
Our Attention in This Book to His Last Judgment.
- Chapter 2.—That in
the Mingled Web of Human Affairs God’s Judgment is Present, Though It
Cannot Be Discerned.
- Chapter 3.—What
Solomon, in the Book of Ecclesiastes, Says Regarding the Things Which
Happen Alike to Good and Wicked Men.
- Chapter 4.—That
Proofs of the Last Judgment Will Be Adduced, First from the New
Testament, and Then from the Old.
- Chapter 5.—The
Passages in Which the Saviour Declares that There Shall Be a Divine
Judgment in the End of the World.
- Chapter 6.—What is
the First Resurrection, and What the Second.
- Chapter 7.—What is
Written in the Revelation of John Regarding the Two Resurrections, and
the Thousand Years, and What May Reasonably Be Held on These Points.
- Chapter 8.—Of the
Binding and Loosing of the Devil.
- Chapter 9.—What
the Reign of the Saints with Christ for a Thousand Years Is, and How It
Differs from the Eternal Kingdom.
- Chapter 10.—What
is to Be Replied to Those Who Think that Resurrection Pertains Only to
Bodies and Not to Souls.
- Chapter 11.—Of
Gog and Magog, Who are to Be Roused by the Devil to Persecute the
Church, When He is Loosed in the End of the World.
- Chapter
12.—Whether the Fire that Came Down Out of Heaven and Devoured Them
Refers to the Last Punishment of the Wicked.
- Chapter
13.—Whether the Time of the Persecution or Antichrist Should Be Reckoned
in the Thousand Years.
- Chapter 14.—Of
the Damnation of the Devil and His Adherents; And a Sketch of the Bodily
Resurrection of All the Dead, and of the Final Retributive Judgment.
- Chapter 15.—Who
the Dead are Who are Given Up to Judgment by the Sea, and by Death and
Hell.
- Chapter 16.—Of
the New Heaven and the New Earth.
- Chapter 17.—Of
the Endless Glory of the Church.
- Chapter 18.—What
the Apostle Peter Predicted Regarding the Last Judgment.
- Chapter 19.—What
the Apostle Paul Wrote to the Thessalonians About the Manifestation of
Antichrist Which Shall Precede the Day of the Lord.
- Chapter 20.—What
the Same Apostle Taught in the First Epistle to the Thessalonians
Regarding the Resurrection of the Dead.
- Chapter
21.—Utterances of the Prophet Isaiah Regarding the Resurrection of the
Dead and the Retributive Judgment.
- Chapter 22.—What
is Meant by the Good Going Out to See the Punishment of the Wicked.
- Chapter 23.—What
Daniel Predicted Regarding the Persecution of Antichrist, the Judgment
of God, and the Kingdom of the Saints.
- Chapter
24.—Passages from the Psalms of David Which Predict the End of the World
and the Last Judgment.
- Chapter 25.—Of
Malachi’s Prophecy, in Which He Speaks of the Last Judgment, and of a
Cleansing Which Some are to Undergo by Purifying Punishments.
- Chapter 26.—Of
the Sacrifices Offered to God by the Saints, Which are to Be Pleasing to
Him, as in the Primitive Days and Former Years.
- Chapter 27.—Of
the Separation of the Good and the Bad, Which Proclaim the
Discriminating Influence of the Last Judgment.
- Chapter 28.—That
the Law of Moses Must Be Spiritually Understood to Preclude the Damnable
Murmurs of a Carnal Interpretation.
- Chapter 29.—Of
the Coming of Elias Before the Judgment, that the Jews May Be Converted
to Christ by His Preaching and Explanation of Scripture.
- Chapter 30.—That
in the Books of the Old Testament, Where It is Said that God Shall Judge
the World, the Person of Christ is Not Explicitly Indicated, But It
Plainly Appears from Some Passages in Which the Lord God Speaks that
Christ is Meant.
- Book 21
- Chapter 1.—Of the
Order of the Discussion, Which Requires that We First Speak of the
Eternal Punishment of the Lost in Company with the Devil, and Then of
the Eternal Happiness of the Saints.
- Chapter
2.—Whether It is Possible for Bodies to Last for Ever in Burning Fire.
- Chapter
3.—Whether Bodily Suffering Necessarily Terminates in the Destruction of
the Flesh.
- Chapter
4.—Examples from Nature Proving that Bodies May Remain Unconsumed and
Alive in Fire.
- Chapter 5.—That
There are Many Things Which Reason Cannot Account For, and Which are
Nevertheless True.
- Chapter 6.—That
All Marvels are Not of Nature’s Production, But that Some are Due to
Human Ingenuity and Others to Diabolic Contrivance.
- Chapter 7.—That
the Ultimate Reason for Believing Miracles is the Omnipotence of the
Creator.
- Chapter 8.—That
It is Not Contrary to Nature That, in an Object Whose Nature is Known,
There Should Be Discovered an Alteration of the Properties Which Have
Been Known as Its Natural Properties.
- Chapter 9.—Of
Hell, and the Nature of Eternal Punishments.
- Chapter
10.—Whether the Fire of Hell, If It Be Material Fire, Can Burn the
Wicked Spirits, that is to Say, Devils, Who are Immaterial.
- Chapter
11.—Whether It is Just that the Punishments of Sins Last Longer Than the
Sins Themselves Lasted.
- Chapter 12.—Of
the Greatness of the First Transgression, on Account of Which Eternal
Punishment is Due to All Who are Not Within the Pale of the Saviour’s
Grace.
- Chapter
13.—Against the Opinion of Those Who Think that the Punishments of the
Wicked After Death are Purgatorial.
- Chapter 14.—Of
the Temporary Punishments of This Life to Which the Human Condition is
Subject.
- Chapter 15.—That
Everything Which the Grace of God Does in the Way of Rescuing Us from
the Inveterate Evils in Which We are Sunk, Pertains to the Future World,
in Which All Things are Made New.
- Chapter 16.—The
Laws of Grace, Which Extend to All the Epochs of the Life of the
Regenerate.
- Chapter 17.—Of
Those Who Fancy that No Men Shall Be Punished Eternally.
- Chapter 18.—Of
Those Who Fancy That, on Account of the Saints’ Intercession, Man Shall
Be Damned in the Last Judgment.
- Chapter 19.—Of
Those Who Promise Impunity from All Sins Even to Heretics, Through
Virtue of Their Participation of the Body of Christ.
- Chapter 20.—Of
Those Who Promise This Indulgence Not to All, But Only to Those Who Have
Been Baptized as Catholics, Though Afterwards They Have Broken Out into
Many Crimes and Heresies.
- Chapter 21.—Of
Those Who Assert that All Catholics Who Continue in the Faith Even
Though by the Depravity of Their Lives They Have Merited Hell Fire,
Shall Be Saved on Account of the “Foundation” Of Their Faith.
- Chapter 22.—Of
Those Who Fancy that the Sins Which are Intermingled with Alms-Deeds
Shall Not Be Charged at the Day of Judgment.
- Chapter
23.—Against Those Who are of Opinion that the Punishment Neither of the
Devil Nor of Wicked Men Shall Be Eternal.
- Chapter
24.—Against Those Who Fancy that in the Judgment of God All the Accused
Will Be Spared in Virtue of the Prayers of the Saints.
- Chapter
25.—Whether Those Who Received Heretical Baptism, and Have Afterwards
Fallen Away to Wickedness of Life; Or Those Who Have Received Catholic
Baptism, But Have Afterwards Passed Over to Heresy and Schism; Or Those
Who Have Remained in the Catholic Church in Which They Were Baptized,
But Have Continued to Live Immorally,—May Hope Through the Virtue of the
Sacraments for the Remission of Eternal Punishment.
- Chapter 26.—What
It is to Have Christ for a Foundation, and Who They are to Whom
Salvation as by Fire is Promised.
- Chapter
27.—Against the Belief of Those Who Think that the Sins Which Have Been
Accompanied with Almsgiving Will Do Them No Harm.
- Book 22
- Chapter 1.—Of
the Creation of Angels and Men.
- Chapter 2.—Of
the Eternal and Unchangeable Will of God.
- Chapter 3.—Of
the Promise of Eternal Blessedness to the Saints, and Everlasting
Punishment to the Wicked.
- Chapter
4.—Against the Wise Men of the World, Who Fancy that the Earthly Bodies
of Men Cannot Be Transferred to a Heavenly Habitation.
- Chapter 5.—Of
the Resurrection of the Flesh, Which Some Refuse to Believe, Though the
World at Large Believes It.
- Chapter 6.—That
Rome Made Its Founder Romulus a God Because It Loved Him; But the Church
Loved Christ Because It Believed Him to Be God.
- Chapter 7.—That
the World’s Belief in Christ is the Result of Divine Power, Not of Human
Persuasion.
- Chapter 8.—Of
Miracles Which Were Wrought that the World Might Believe in Christ, and
Which Have Not Ceased Since the World Believed.
- Chapter 9.—That
All the Miracles Which are Done by Means of the Martyrs in the Name of
Christ Testify to that Faith Which the Martyrs Had in Christ.
- Chapter
10.—That the Martyrs Who Obtain Many Miracles in Order that the True God
May Be Worshipped, are Worthy of Much Greater Honor Than the Demons, Who
Do Some Marvels that They Themselves May Be Supposed to Be God.
- Chapter
11.—Against the Platonists, Who Argue from the Physical Weight of the
Elements that an Earthly Body Cannot Inhabit Heaven.
- Chapter
12.—Against the Calumnies with Which Unbelievers Throw Ridicule Upon the
Christian Faith in the Resurrection of the Flesh.
- Chapter
13.—Whether Abortions, If They are Numbered Among the Dead, Shall Not
Also Have a Part in the Resurrection.
- Chapter
14.—Whether Infants Shall Rise in that Body Which They Would Have Had
Had They Grown Up.
- Chapter
15.—Whether the Bodies of All the Dead Shall Rise the Same Size as the
Lord’s Body.
- Chapter
16.—What is Meant by the Conforming of the Saints to the Image of The
Son of God.
- Chapter
17.—Whether the Bodies of Women Shall Retain Their Own Sex in the
Resurrection.
- Chapter 18.—Of
the Perfect Man, that Is, Christ; And of His Body, that Is, The Church,
Which is His Fullness.
- Chapter
19.—That All Bodily Blemishes Which Mar Human Beauty in This Life Shall
Be Removed in the Resurrection, the Natural Substance of the Body
Remaining, But the Quality and Quantity of It Being Altered So as to
Produce Beauty.
- Chapter
20.—That, in the Resurrection, the Substance of Our Bodies, However
Disintegrated, Shall Be Entirely Reunited.
- Chapter 21.—Of
the New Spiritual Body into Which the Flesh of the Saints Shall Be
Transformed.
- Chapter 22.—Of
the Miseries and Ills to Which the Human Race is Justly Exposed Through
the First Sin, and from Which None Can Be Delivered Save by Christ’s
Grace.
- Chapter 23.—Of
the Miseries of This Life Which Attach Peculiarly to the Toil of Good
Men, Irrespective of Those Which are Common to the Good and Bad.
- Chapter 24.—Of
the Blessings with Which the Creator Has Filled This Life, Obnoxious
Though It Be to the Curse.
- Chapter 25.—Of
the Obstinacy of Those Individuals Who Impugn the Resurrection of the
Body, Though, as Was Predicted, the Whole World Believes It.
- Chapter
26.—That the Opinion of Porphyry, that the Soul, in Order to Be Blessed,
Must Be Separated from Every Kind of Body, is Demolished by Plato, Who
Says that the Supreme God Promised the Gods that They Should Never Be
Ousted from Their Bodies.
- Chapter 27.—Of
the Apparently Conflicting Opinions of Plato and Porphyry, Which Would
Have Conducted Them Both to the Truth If They Could Have Yielded to One
Another.
- Chapter
28.—What Plato or Labeo, or Even Varro, Might Have Contributed to the
True Faith of the Resurrection, If They Had Adopted One Another’s
Opinions into One Scheme.
- Chapter 29.—Of
the Beatific Vision.
- Chapter 30.—Of
the Eternal Felicity of the City of God, and of the Perpetual Sabbath.
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