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A MOSQUE IN MUNICH: NAZIS, THE CIA, AND THE RISE OF THE MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD IN THE WEST

SOURCES

Archives

PUBLIC

AA B40 Auswartiges Amt, Berlin, Bestand 40, "Referat IIA3, Ost-West-Beziehungen" (Foreign Office, Berlin, Record Group 40, "Division IIA3, East-West Relations")

AAPA ZA Politisches Archiv des Auswartiges Amt, Zwischenarchiv (Political Archive of the Foreign Office, Temporary Archive), Berlin Amstgericht Munchen, Registerakten (Sonderband) VR 6256, Islamische Gemeinschaft in Deutschland e.V.

BA Bundesarchiv (Federal Archives), Koblenz

BA-MA Bundesarchiv-Militararchiv (Federal Archives-Military Archives), Freiburg

BAR Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv (Swiss Federal Archives), Bern

BAR Ramadan BAR E 4320(C) 1994/120, Bd. 220, Dossier (4183:0) 420/36 Ramadan, Said, 1960-1988

BAR Touhami BAR E 4320-01(C) 1996/202, 34 Fiche Louahala, Touhami, 1956-1986

BayHStA Bayerisches Hauptstaatarchiv (Bavarian Central State Archives), Munich

BayHStA Laflu Verw Landesfluchtlingsverwaltung (State Refugee Administration), Record Groups 1894 and 1900

BStU Die Bundesbeauftragte fir die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratisch Republik (Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the Former German Democratic Republic), Berlin

CIA Central Intelligence Agency, Freedom of Information Act release to author, "Subject: von Mende, Gerhard" and "Subject: Gacaoglu, Ibrahim"

Georgetown Georgetown University Special Collections: Diplomacy, International Affairs, Intelligence, Name file on "Kelley, Robert F." and "Lodeesen, Jon D."

GHWK Haus der Wannsee-Konferenz, Gedenk- und Bildungsstatte (House of the Wannsee Conference, Memorial and Educational Site)

Hoover Hoover Institution Library and Archives, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA

Hoover Dallin Hoover "Alexander Dallin" collection

Hoover Henze Hoover "Paul B. Henze" collection

Hoover RFE/RL Hoover "Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Inc." collection

ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva

Islam-Archiv Islam-Archiv Deutschland, Soest (Islam-Archive, Germany, Soest)

IZ Institut fur Zeitgeschichte (Institute for Contemporary History), Munich

NA National Archives, Kew Gardens, UK

NAFO 141 NA Foreign Office (Egypt: Embassy and Consular Activities)

NARA National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC

NARA RG 59 NARA, General Records of the Department of State

NARA RG 263 NARA, Records of the Central Intelligence Agency, Directorate of Operations, records released under the Nazi and Japanese War Crimes Disclosure Acts, including separate name files for "Kedia, Michel," "von Mende, Gerhard," "al- Hussaini, Amin," and "Unglaube, Heinz"

NARA RG 319 NARA, Records of the Army Staff, Investigative Records Repository, unprocessed files for "Ibrahim Gacaoglu Personnel File Folder XE306651," "Gerhard von Mende Personal File Folder D007362," "Gerhard von Mende Personal File Folder XE007362"

NAWO 208 NA War Office (Military Intelligence, Middle East and Egypt)

UAHUB Universitatsarchiv, Humboldt Universitat Berlin (University Archive, Humboldt University, Berlin)

WASt Deutsche Dienststelle fur die Benachrichtigung der nachsten angehorigen von Gefallenen der ehemaligen deutschen Wehrmacht (German Authority for the notification of next of kin of members of the former German Wehrmacht who were killed in action), Berlin

PRIVATE

Dreher Dreher, Robert, papers relating to CIA service of Robert H. Dreher in Germany and Vietnam. In possession of the Oerkvitz family.

Hoffmann Papers and correspondence relating to works of Joachim Hoffmann. In possession of the Hoffmann family.

Mende Personal and work correspondence, 1945-1963, of Gerhard von Mende. In possession of the von Mende family.

Narzikul Papers relating to wartime service of Isakjan Narzikul. In possession of Stephen L. Crane.

Schutte Personal papers, Ostministerium files, and correspondence of Dr. Ehrenfried Schutte. In possession of Dr. Schutte.

Sultan Personal papers and letters of Garip Sultan. In possession of Mr. Sultan.

Ungermann Personal papers, British intelligence documents relating to Siegfried Ungermann. In possession of the Hoffmann family.

Unglaube Manuscript of autobiography of Heinz Unglaube. In possession of the author.

Interviews

Abdel Khalek, Mohamed Farid. 13September 2004, Cairo.

Abdullah, Mohammad Salim. 14 December 2004, Soest, Germany.

Akef, Mahdi. 14 September 2004, Cairo.

Allam, Fouad. 15 September 2004, Cairo.

Allworth, Edward A. 7 January 2006, New York City.

Alshibaya, Nina. 16 August 2004, Munich.

Amriou, Mourad. 10 September, 1 November and 3 November 2004, Paris.

Banna, Gama al-. 13September 2004, Cairo.

Bouzar, Dounia. 4 September 2004, Paris.

Critchlow, James. 3 February 2006, Cambridge, MA.

Denffer, Ahmad von. 9 December 2004, Munich.

Grimm, Muhammad Abdul Karim, 21 October 2004, Hamburg.

Hayit, Baymirza. * 25 October 2004, Cologne.

Helbawy, Kamal al-. 20 October 2005, London.

Himmat, Ghaleb. Telephone interview, 1 June 2005, Campione d'Italia.

Kamal-Haller, Tura. 16 June 2006, Munich.

Kassajep, Margaret. * 17August 2004, Munich.

Kegel, Dr. Gerhard. * 25 October 2004, Cologne.

Klump, Will. 17 January 2006, New York City.

Kolaczkowska, Anita. 12 April 2007, Palo Alto, CA.

Kuniholm, Bruce. Telephone interview. 18 April 2006, Durham, NC.

Lahaty, Mohamed. 2 September 2004, Paris.

Louahala, Touhami. 30 July 2006, Montelimar, France.

Mahgary, Mohamad Ali el-. 17 December 2004, Nuremberg, Germany.

Melbardis, Alexander. 6 September 2005, Pfaffing, Germany.

Mende, Dr. Erling von. 31 January 2005, Berlin.

Mogaddedi, Obeidullah. 1 February 2005, Springe, Germany.

Murphy, David E. 7 May 2006, Punta Gorda, FL.

Nada, Youssef. 2 June 2004, Campione d'Italia.

Nasar, Rusi. 10 May 2006, Falls Church, VA.

Oerkvitz, Chuck and Helen. 7 February 2006, Gwynedd, PA.

Patch, Isaac. Telephone interview. 23 May 2005, Franconia, NH.

Pipes, Richard. 25 October 2006, Cambridge, MA.

Rawi, Ahmed al-. 21 July 2004, Markfield, UK.

Rhoer, Edward van der. Email exchanges, 31 January and 1 February 2006, Washington, DC.

Said, Refaat al-. 14 September 2004, Cairo.

Salahuddin, Dawud. Telephone interview, 28 February 2006, Tehran.

Schutte, Ehrenfried. * 27 January 2005, Munich.

Sosin, Gene and Gloria. 3 May 2006, White Plains, NY.

Stewart, Gaither "Jack". 1 October 2005, Rome.

Sultan, Garip. 27 January and 9 March 2005; 28 March and 31 May 2006, Munich.

Terrel, Herve. 14 May 2004, Paris.

West, Karin. 27 March 2006, Munich.

Yazdani, Faisal. 28 January and 13 December 2005, Munich.

Zaidan, Amir. 18 March 2005, Berlin.

Zayat, Ibrahim el-. 19 April 2005, Cologne.

Books and Articles

Abu-Rabi: Ibrahim M. Intellectual Origins of Islamic Resurgence in the Modern Arab World. Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1996.

Ahmed-Ulla, Noreen S., Sam Roe, and Laurie Cohen. "A Rare Look at Secretive Brotherhood in America." Chicago Tribune (online edition), 19 September 2004.

Alexiev, Alex. Soviet Nationalities in German Wartime Strategy, 1941-1945. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation, 1982.

Altalib, Hisham. Training Guide for Islamic Workers, Herndon, VA: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 1991.

Andrew, Christopher, and Vasili Mitrokhin. The Mitrokhin Archive: The KGB in Europe and the West. London: Allen Lane, 1999.

Armstrong, Karen. Islam: A Short History. New York: The Modern Library, 2002.

Awaisi, Abd al-Fattah Muhammad el-. The Muslim Brothers and the Palestine Questions, 1928-19470 London: I. B. Tauris Academic Studies, 1998.

Barbour, Nevill. Untitled review of Serge Bromberger, Les rebelles algeriens. International Affairs, Vol. 35, No. 1 (January 1959): 113.

Battle, Joyce, ed. U.S. Propaganda in the Middle East- The Early Cold War Version. National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 78, 13 December 2002.

Bigart, Homer. "Coney Islander Assails Red Crimes at Bandung." New York Herald Tribune, 21 April 1954: 53.

Birn, Ruth Bettina. "Austrian Higher SS and Police Leaders and Their Participation in the Holocaust in the Balkans." Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Vol. 6, No. 4 (1991): 351-72.

Bostom, Andrew, ed. The Legacy of Islamic Antisemitism: From Sacred Texts to Solemn History. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1968.

Brautigam, Otto. So hat es sich zugetragen: Ein Leben als Soldat und Diplomat. Wurzburg, Germany: Holzner, 1968.

Breitman, Richard, Architect of Genocide: Himmler and the Final Solution. Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 1992.

Breitman, Richard, et al. U.S. Intelligence and the Nazis. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

Bromberger, Serge. Les rebelles algeriens. Paris: Plon, 1958.

"Bundesweite Razzia bei Islamisten," Suddeutsche Zeitung, 11 March 2009: 5.

Burds, Jeffrey. "The Soviet War Against 'Fifth Columnists': The Case of Chechnya, 1942-44." Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 42, No. 2 (Spring 2007): 267-314.

Caeiro, Alexandre. "Transnational 'Ulama: European Fatwas, and Islamic Authority: A Case Study of the European Council for Fatwa and Research" in S. Allievi and M. van Bruinessen, eds., Production and Dissemination of Islamic Knowledge in Western Europe. London: Routledge, 2008.

Cakars, Maris, and Barton Osborn. "Operation Ohio: Mass Murder by U.S. Intelligence Agencies." Win (Brooklyn, NY), 18 September 1975: 5-19.

Caroe, Olaf. Soviet Empire: The Turks of Central Asia and Stalinism. 2nd ed. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1967.

Carruthers, Susan L. "Between Camps: Eastern Bloc 'Escapees' and Cold War Borderlands." American Quarterly, Vol. 57, No. 3, September 2005: 911-42.

Caute, David. The Dancer Defects: The Struggle for Cultural Supremacy During the Cold War. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Central Intelligence Agency Political Islam Strategic Analysis Program. "Muslim Brotherhood: Pivotal Actor in European Political Islam:' Unpublished report, 10 May 2006.

--. "Muslim Brotherhood Rhetoric in Europe: Deception, Division, or Confusion?" Unpublished report, 29 January 2008.

Coli, Steve. Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and bin Laden from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001. New York: Penguin Books, 2004.

Copeland, Miles. The Game of Nations: The Amorality of Power Politics. London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1969.

Crane, Stephen 1. Survivor from An Unknown War: The Life of Isakjan Narzikul. Upland, PA: Diane Publishing Co., 1999.

Critchlow, James. Radio Hole-in-the-Head/Radio Liberty: An Insider's Story of Cold War Broadcasting. Washington, DC: American University Press, 1995.

Cwiklinski, Sebastian. Wolgatataren im Deutschland des Zweiten Weltkriegs: Deutsche Ostpolitik und tatarischer Nationalismus. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2002.

Czechowicz, Andrzej. Sieben schwere Jahre. Berlin: Militarverlag der DDR Berlin, 1977. [Originally published in Polish as Siedem Trudnych Lat. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, 1974]

Dallin, Alexander. German Rule in Russia: A Study in Occupation Politics. 2nd ed. London: The MacMillan Press Ltd., 1981.

Dalton, William D. "Islamic Society of North America," in Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indianapolis: The Polis Center, 1995.

Dawood, N. J., trans. The Koran. London: Penguin, 1999.

Denffer, Ahmad von. ABC der Zeitschrift al-Islam: Stichwortregister, 1958-1992. Munchen: Islamisches Zentrum Miinchen, 1993.

DGAP, "Geschichte des Hauses Rauchstrasse 17/18." Information Brochure from DGAP. http://www.dgap.org/dgap/ueberuns/geschichte_haus/.

Dorril, Stephen, MI6: Fifty Years of Special Operations. London: Fourth Estate, 2000.

Dreyfuss, Robert. Devil's Game: How the United States Helped Unleash Fundamentalist Islam. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2005.

Elpeleg, Zvi. Grand Mufti: Haj Amin al-Hussaini. London: Frank Cass & Co., 1993.

Espeseth, Karo. Sar som ennu bier (Sores That Still Bleed). Oslo: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 1931.

--. Livet Gikk Videre (Life Went On). Oslo: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 1983.

Feferman, Kiril. "Nazi Germany and the Mountain Jews: Was There a Policy?" Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Vol. 21, No. 1 (2007): 96-114.

Forrest, Fred. "Allies We Don't Need." New Leader, 3 September 1951:19-20.

Frangenberg, Helmut. "Kleine Migrationsgeschichte der Turken nach Koln," in Franz Sommerfeld, ed., Der Moscheestreit: Eine exemplarische Debatte uber Einwanderung und Integration. Koln: Kiepenheuer & Wisch, 2008.

Gaddis, John Lewis. We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.

Gensicke, Klaus. Der Mufti von Jerusalem, Amin el-Husseini, und die Nationalsozialisten. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1988.

Golan, Galia. Soviet Policies in the Middle East from World War Two to Gorbachev. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Grose, Peter. Operation Rollback: Americas Secret War Behind the Iron Curtain. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000.

Hawari, Mohammad. "Sex and Sexual Education Under the Light of Islamic Shariah," in European Council for Fatwa and Research conference material for July 2004 meeting. A copy of this paper is available at www.iandjohnson.com.

Hayek, Lester "Target: CIA." Studies in Intelligence, Vol. 6, NO.1: 29-56. (Internal CIA publication, Approved for Release 2005103115: CIA-RDP78T03194A000100060001-8.)

--. "Basmatchi": Nationaler Kampf Turkestans in den Jahren 1917 bis 1934. Koln: Dreisam Verlag, 1992.

Hayit, Baymirza. Turkestan im XX. Jahrhundert. Darmstadt: C. W. Leske. 1956.

Heiber, Helmut, ed. Hitlers Lagebesprechungen: Die Protokollfragmente seiner militarischen Konferenzen, 1942-1945. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1962

Heine, Peter. "Die Mullah-Kurse der Waffen-SS," in Gerhard Hopp and Brigitte Reinwald, eds., Fremdeinsatze: Afrikaner und Asiaten in europaischen Kriegen, 1914-1945. Berlin: Studien/Zentrum Moderner Orient 13, 2000: 181-88.

Henker, Michael, ed. Bayern nach dem Krieg: Photographien 1945-1950. Augsburg: Haus der Bayerischen Geschichte, 1995.

Hentges, Gudrun. "Reeducation - Propaganda - Heimatdienst: Kontroversen urn die Grundung der Bundeszentrale fur Heimatdienst / politische Bildung," in Heinz- Werner Wollersheim, ed., Jahrbuch der Theodor-Litt-Gesellschaft 2004. Leipzig: Leipziger Universitatsverlag, 2005.

Herf, Jeffrey. Nazi Propaganda for the Middle East. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009.

Hoffmann, Joachim. Die Ostlegionen, 1941-1943. Freiburg: Verlag Rombach, 1986.

Hopp, Gerhard. "Frontenwechsel: Muslimische Deserteure im Ersten und Zweiten Weltkrieg und in der Zwischenkriegszeit," in Gerhard Hopp and Brigitte Reinwald, eds., Fremdeinsiitze: Afrikaner und Asiaten in europaischen Kriegen, 1914- 1945. Studien 13.Berlin: Das arabische Buch. 2000.

Hopp, Gerhard, ed. Mufti-Papiere: Briefe, Memoranden. Reden, und Aufrufe Amin al Husainis aus dem Exil, 1940-1945. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2004.

Hopp, Gerhard, Peter Wien, and Rene Wild angel, eds. Blind fur die Geschichte?: Arabische Begegnungen mit dem Nationalsozialismus. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2004.

Johnson, Ian. "The Beachhead: How a Mosque for Ex-Nazis Became Center of Radical Islam." The Wall Street Journal, 12 July 2005: A1.

--. "Conflicting Advice: Islamic Justice Finds a Foothold in Heart of Europe." The Wall Street Journal, 4 August 2005: A1.

--. "A Course in Islamology." Berlin Journal, Autumn 2005. Berlin: American Academy.

--. "How Islamic Group's Ties Reveal Europe's Challenge." The Wall Street Journal, 29 December 2005: A1.

--. "The Muslim Brotherhood in Europe." Testimony to House Human Rights Caucus, 9 February 2006. Published online at http://lantos.house.gov+C6/HoR/ CA12/Human+Rights+Caucus/Briefing+Testimonies/02-23 06+Testimony+0 f+Ian+Johnson+Muslims+in+Europe.htm.

Johnson, Ian, and John Carreyrou. "Walled Off: As Muslims Call Europe Home, Dangerous Isolation Takes Root." The Wall Street Journal, 11 July 2005: A1.

Johnson, Ian, and Alfred Kueppers. "Missed Link." The Wall Street Journal, 19 October 2001: A1.

Kamal, Ahmad. Full Fathom Five. Lincoln, NE: toExcel, 2000. [Originally published by Doubleday, 1948]

--. Land Without Laughter. Lincoln, NE: toExcel, 2000. [Originally published by Charles Scribner's Sons, 1940]

--. One-Dog Man. Lincoln, NE: toExcel, 2000. [Originally published by Random House, 1950]

--. The Sacred Journey. Lincoln, NE: to Excel, 2000. [Originally published by Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1961]

--. The Seven Questions of Timur. Unbound folio edition, undated. Bound book published at Santa Ana, CA.: Fine Arts Press, 1938.

Kamal, Ahmad, and Charles G. Booth. The Excommunicated. Lincoln, NE: toExcel, 2000. [Originally published by The Falcon Press, 1952]

Kepel, Gilles. Les banlieues de l'Islam. Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1991.

--. Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002.

--. The Prophet and Pharaoh: Muslim Extremism in Egypt. London: Al Saqi Books, 1985.

--. The War for Muslim Minds. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004.

Kirimal, Edige. Der Nationale Kampf der Krimtataren. Emsdetten (Westf.): Verlag Lechte, 1952.

Kozlov, Victor Ivanovich. The Peoples of the Soviet Union (Second World). Trans. Pauline Tiffen. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988.

Krackovskij, Ignaz. Der historische Roman in der neueren arabischen Literatur. Trans. Gerhard von Mende. Leipzig: Oto Harrassowitz, 1930.

Kuntzel, Matthias. Djihad und Judenhaß. Uber den neuen antijudischen Krieg. Freiburg: Ca Ira Verlag, 2003.

Leggewie, Claus, Angela Joost, and Stefan Rech. Der Weg zur Moschee - eine Handreichung fur die Praxis. Bad Homburg v.d. Hohe: Herbert-Quandt-Stiftung, 2002.

Leiken, Robert S. "Europe's Mujahideen." Center for Immigration Studies newsletter, April 2005.

Leiken, Robert S., and Steven Brooke. "The Moderate Muslim Brotherhood." Foreign Affairs, Vol. 86, No. 2, 107-21.

Lia, Brynjar. The Society of the Muslim Brothers in Egypt: The Rise of an Islamic Mass Movement, 1928-1942. Reading, UK: Ithaca Press, 1998.

Loftus, John. The Belarus Secret. New York: Penguin, 1982.

Loose, Ingo. "Berliner Wissenschaftler im 'Osteinsatz' 1939-1945: Akademische Mobilitat zwischen Berliner Universitat und Reichsuniversitat Posen," in Christoph Jahr with Rebecca Schaarschmidt, eds., Die Berliner Universitat in der NS-Zeit, Bd. 1: Strukturen und Personen. Stuttgart: 2005.

MacDonogh, Giles. After the Reich: The Brutal History of the Allied Occupation. New York: Basic Books, 2007.

Mallmann, Klaus-Michael, and Martin Cuppers. Halbmond und Hakenkreuz: Das "Dritte Reich," die Araber, und Palastina. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2006.

Mattar, Philip. The Mufti of Jerusalem: Al-Hajj Amin al-Husayni. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.

Matthews, Weldon C. Confronting an Empire, Constructing a Nation: Arab Nationalists and Popular Politics in Mandate Palestine. London: I. B. Tauris, 1988.

Meining, Stefan. "Die Islamische Gemeinschaft in Deutschland: Vom Moschee- Bauverein zum politischen Islam." Unpublished essay, 2005.

Mende, Erling von. Turkestan als historischer Faktor und politische Idee: Festschr. fur Baymirza Hayit zu seinem 70. Geburtstag. Koln: Studienverlag, 1988.

Mende, Gerhard von. Bulletin des Presse und Informationsamtes der Bundesregierung, No. 881/S. 736, 11 May 1955.

--. "Erfahrungen mit Ostfreiwilligen in der deutschen Wehrmacht wahrend des Zweiten Weltkrieges." Auslandsforschung 1, 1952: 24-33.

--. "Kaukasuspolitik." Unpublished essay, c. 1951,from Schutte archives.

--. Der Nationale Kampf der Rußlandturken: Ein Beitrag zur nationalen Frage in der Sovetunion. Berlin: Mitteilungen des Seminars fur orientalische Sprachen. Beiband zum Jahrgang XXXIX, 1936.

--. Nationalitat und Ideologie. Duisdorf bei Bonn: Selbstverlag der Studiengesellschaft fur Zeitprobleme, 1962.

--. Studien zur Kolonisation in der Sovetunion. Breslau: Verlag Priebatsch's Buchhandlung, 1933.

--. Die Volker der Sowjetunion. Reichenau/Saale: Rudolf Schneider Verlag, 1939.

Medey, Steve. "The Muslim Brotherhood in Belgium." Published by the Hudson Institute, http://www.futureofmuslimworld.com/research/detail/the- muslim-brotherhood-in-the-united-states, 6 April 2009.

Mitchell, Richard P. The Society of the Muslim Brothers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969 (1993 reprint).

Muhlen, Patrik von zur. Zwischen Hakenkreuz und Sowjetstern: Der Nationalismus der sowjetischen Orientvolker im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Dusseldorf: Droste Verlag, 1971.

Munoz, Antonio J. Forgotten Legions: Obscure Combat Formations of the Waffen-SS. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 1991.

Murphy, David E., Sergei A. Kondrashev, and George Bailey. Battleground Berlin: CIA Versus KGB in the Cold War. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.

Neupert, Jutta. "Vom Heimatvertriebenen zum Neubuurger. Fluchtlingspolitik und Selbsthilfe auf dem Weg zur Integration," in Wolfgang Benz, ed., Neuanfang in Bayern. Munchen: C. H. Beck, 1988.

Nielsen, Jorgen. Muslims in Western Europe. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2004.

Osgood, Kenneth. Total Cold War: Eisenhower's Propaganda Battle at Home and Abroad. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2006.

Parker, Jason C. "Small Victory, Missed Chance: The Eisenhower Administration, the Bandung Conference, and the Turning of the Cold War," in Kathryn C. Statler and Andrew L. Johns, eds., The Eisenhower Administration, the Third World, and the Globalization of the Cold War. Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc., 2006.

Patzold, Kurt, and Erika Schwarz. Tagesordnung: Judenmord. Die Wannsee-Konferenz am 20. January 1942. Berlin: Metropol-Verlag, 1992.

Pauly, Robert J., Jr. Islam in Europe: Integration or Marginalization? Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2004.

Phillips, David Atlee. The Night Watch. New York: Atheneum, 1977.

Picker, Harry, ed. Hitlers Tischgesprache. Bonn: Athenaum-Verlag, 1951.

Porath, Y. The Emergence of the Palestinian-Arab National Movement, 1918-1929. London: Frank Cass & Co., 1974.

Prados, John. Presidents' Secret Wars: CIA and Pentagon Covert Operations from World War II Through the Persian Gulf. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1996.

Prinz, Friedrich, ed. Trummerzeit in Munchen. Munchen: C. H. Beck, 1984.

Prinz, Friedrich, and Marita Krauss, eds. Trummerleben: Texte, Dokumente, Bilder aus den Munchener Nachkriegsjahren. Munchen: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 1985.

Ranelagh, John. The Agency: The Rise and Decline of the CIA. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986.

Rees, Ellen. "Sores That Still Bleed: Germany, the Great War, and Violence Against Women in the Modernist Literary Imagination," in Hillary Collier Sy-Quia and Susanne Baackmann, eds., Conquering Women: Women and War in the German Cultural Imagination. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.

Reiss, Tom. The Orientalist: Solving the Mystery of a Strange and Dangerous Life. New York: Random House, 2005.

Rupierer, Hermann-Josef. Der besetzte Verbundete: Die amerikanische Deutschlandpolitick, 1949-1955. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1991.

Schenk, Herrad. Wie in einem uferlosen Strom: Das Leben meiner Eltern. Munchen: C. H. Beck, 2002.

Schlogel, Karl. "The Futility of One Professor's Life: Otto Hoetzsch and German Russian Studies," in Sketches of Europe. Trans. Ray Brandon. Berlin: Osteuropa, 2005.

Schmitt, Thomas. Moscheen in Deutschland: Konflikte urn ihre Errichtung und Nutzung. Flensburg: Deutsche Akademie fur Landeskunde, Selbstverlag, 2003.

Schulze, Reinhard. Geschichte er islamischen Welt im 20. Jahrhundert. Munchen: C. H. Beck, 1994: C87.

--. Islamischer Internationalismus im 20. Jahrhundert. Leiden: Brill, 1990.

Schwanitz, Wolfgang G. "Die Berliner Djihadisierung des Islams." Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung: KAS Auslands-informationen, October 2004.

Seidt, Hans-Ulrich. Berlin Kabul Moskau: Oskar Ritter von Niedermayer und Deutschlands Geopolitik. Munchen: Universitas, 2002.

Selig, Wolfram. Chronik der Stadt Munchen, 1945-1948. Munchen: Stadtarchiv Munchen, 1980.

Shafiq, Muhammad. The Growth of Islamic Thought in North America: Focus on Ismail Raji al Faruqi. Brentwood, MA: Amana Publications, 1994.

Shlaim, Avi. Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement, and the Partition of Palestine. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988.

Shultz, Richard H., Jr. Unpublished interview with Robert H. Dreher.

Simpson, Christopher. Blowback: The First Full Account of Americas Recruitment of Nazis and Its Disastrous Effect on the Cold War, Our Domestic and Foreign Policy. New York: Collier, 1989.

Simpson, Glenn R., and Amy Chozick. "Obama's Muslim-Outreach Adviser Resigns." The Wall Street Journal, 6 August 2008. Accessed at http://online.wsj.com/article/SB11797906741214995.html.

Smal-Stocky, Roman. "The Struggle of the Subjugated Nations in the Soviet Union for Freedom: Sketch of the History of the Promethean Movement." The Ukrainian Quarterly, Vol. 3, NO·4, 1947: 324-44.

Smith, Martin. Burma: Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity. London: Zed Books, 1991.

Sosin, Gene. Sparks of Liberty: An Insider's Memoir of Radio Liberty. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999.

Sosin, Gloria Donen. Red-Letter Year. White Plains, NY: Kalita Press, 2004.

Stover, Bernd. Die Befreiung yom Kommunismus: Amerikanische Liberation Policy im Kalten Krieg, 1947-1991. Koln: Bohlau Verlag, 2002.

Sultan, Garip. Die Grundung der Wolga-Tatarischen Legion. Unpublished manuscript, 1947.

Takeyh, Ray. The Origins of the Eisenhower Doctrine: The US, Britain, and Nasser's Egypt, 1953-57. Oxford: Macmillan, 2000.

Thomas, Evan. The Very Best Men: The Early Years of the CIA. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995.

Thorwald, Jurgen. Wenn Sie Verderben Wollen: Bericht des großen Verrats. Stuttgart: Steingruben Verlag, 1952.

Tolstoy, Nikolai. Victims of Yalta. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1977.

Trento, Joseph. The Secret History of the CIA. New York: Basic Books, 2005.

Tudda, Chris. The Truth Is Our Weapon: The Rhetorical Diplomacy of Dwight D. Eisenhower and John Foster Dulles. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2006.

Tumanov, Oleg. Tumanov: Confessions of a KGB Agent. Trans. David Floyd. Chicago: edition q, inc., 1993.

Uehling, Greta Lynn. Beyond Memory: The Crimean Tatars' Deportation and Return. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004.

Wachs, Philipp-Christian. Der Fall Theodor Oberlander (1905-1998): Ein Lehrstuck Deutscher Geschichte. Frankfurt/Main: Campus, 2000.

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Yaqub, Salim. Containing Arab Nationalism: The Eisenhower Doctrine and the Middle East. Chapel Hill: University of North Caroline Press, 2004.

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Notes:

*. Deceased.

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